2018年蘭州市一診試題與答案

1、座位號(hào)甘肅省蘭州市2018屆高三一診英語試題第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分） 第一節(jié)（共15小題海小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATravel experts across the globe publish much-anticipated lists that aim to excite readers about upcoming travel trends. Here is a 2018 list that urges travelers to explore new cities, try new food, exp

2、erience new cultures and gain new views.ChileThis long, skinny slice of South America successfully packs a powerful punch, with strange charms in Valparaiso, excellent wine in the Maipo valley and diverse landscapes across the Arcadian Desert, Chilean Patagonia and Easter Island.Flying is the most c

3、onvenient way to get around, but flights are not cheap. Buses are more wallet-friendly, and Chiles bus system is efficient, but bus journeys can easily take 17 to 36 hours.MontenegroThe country's coastline is its best feature, and its winding coastal roads and mountain-meets-ocean scenery create

4、 the perfect background for a road trip. Sleepy seaside along the Bay of Kotor are home to mom-and-pop restaurants and elegant hotels, while the walled city of Koror offers views of the classic red rooftops of the Adriatic.MadagascarMadagascar, the world's fourth- largest island one of the most

5、biodiverse（ 生物多樣的 ）places on the planet,has en rapidly affected by climate change.Visiting the country can serve as an educational opportunity for travelers who want to understand the bad effects of global warming and irresponsible human actions, Some cant-miss experiences in Madagascar include swim

6、ming and snorkeling around Nosy Be, spotting lemurs（ 狐猴）in Ranomafana National Park, admiring the rocky landscapes of Isalo National Park and a sunset walk along the Avenue of the BaobabsAbu Dhabi, the UAEAfter 10 years of planning and nearly $2 billion in costs, the Louvre Abu Dhabi celebrated its

7、grand opening on Nov, 11,2017. Now, lovers of art and architecture are racing to the United Arab Emirates' capital to see its newest feat of modern design-the product of French architect Jean Nouvel. The Louvre Abu Dhabis slogan, "see humanity in a new light", draws attention to the mu

8、seum mission to emphasize the commonalities and celebrate the differences between eastern and Western art.While in Abu Dhabi, travelers can also check out the city's other famous architectural wonder-sheikh Zayed rand Mosque- which was rated the worlds second-best landmark in Tripadvisor's 2

9、017 Travelers' Choice Awards.1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of travelling by bus in Chile?A. It is very expensive.B. It may not help you save time.C. Buses don't run at busy hours.D. Buses are always very crowded.2. What do you know about travelling in Madagascar from the passag

10、e?A. It's much cheaper to go around by bus than by plane.B. You can take a good trip along the beautiful coastal roads.C. You can learn more about the impacts of climate change.D It's a good chance to see green mountains and red rooftops .3. If you are interested in art and architecture, you

11、 can travel to.A. Chile B. MontenegroC. MadagascarD. Abu Dhabi, the UAEBA successful businessman, addressing the commercial club of his city, told a story of an orphan（孤兒）named Jim.Jim was 12 years old, who was the laughing stock of the whole town. He never remembered having a kind word spoken to hi

12、m in his whole life. One day as Jim walked down the street, he saw some flowers slip from a little lady's arms just in front of him. Jim gathered up the flowers and replaced them in her arms. "Thank you, dear; you are a nice little boy. " she said kindly, and went on her way after givi

13、ng him a bright smile.Jim was amazed. These were the first kind words he had ever heard in his whole twelve years of existence. He stood and stared after her until she was out of sight, then he made straight for a stream. He sat down on the bank of the stream and did some thinking. "Thank you,

14、dear; you are a nice little boy,“ he thought. Finally the boy pulled from his pockets a piece of broken mirror and looked at himself. He saw nothing but dirt. He went down to the water and washed his face carefully, almost painfully. Then he looked again. He scarcely recognized himself. He stood str

15、aight and looked up instead of down for the first time since he could remember.A feeding of self-respect awoke within his being. At that moment the course of his life was changed; a determination to be worthy of the kind words spoken to him by the little lady, and to pass them on, took possession of

16、 his soul. After telling this story of Jim, the speaker paused and then he shocked the audience by saying, Gentlemen, I was that boy. That gentle woman implanted in my life the first seed of kindness. As a tribute to her memory I have told you this story.”4. What does the author mean by"the lau

17、ghing stock"in paragraph 2?A. Jim liked playing jokes on others.B. Jim was always laughed at by others.C. Jim was good at making others happy.D. Jim had interest in telling funny stories.5. Which of the following words can be used to describe the lady?A. BraveB. CleverC FriendlyD.Honest6. What

18、can we infer from the last paragraph ?A. Jim wanted people to say kind words to others.B. The lady became very famous because of that story.C. It was the first time for Jim to tell his story to others.D. Jim made a tot of money by telling his stories to others.7. What is the best title for the text?

19、A. A Story of JimB. A Good LadyC. A Kind WordD. A Successful BusinessmanCChildren all over the world who have tried the potato or lemon battery experiments know that an electrical current can be generated by creating a reaction between the food and two different metals. However, researchers at the M

20、assachusetts Institute of Technology have found a way to harvest power from trees. They use the same metal for both electrodes（ 電極）specifically in order not to confuse this effect with the potato effect.While proving that trees can provide a source of power is a significant step, a key question rema

21、ins: can the tiny voltage（電壓）produced by a tree be used for anything useful? Now scientists are debating over how to use this power source for human benefits.The most practical thing is fire alarm for forest department, originating from the tree itself. Trees electric power can charge a battery. Thi

22、s battery in turn will be connected to a small sensor. This sensor will power a brief radio transmission（ 傳送）.That radio signal will transport daily soil and air condition measurements to a network of much larger, solar powered Forest- Service environmental monitoring stations. Those sensors wilt al

23、so give out a crisis signal in the event of a sudden rise in-air temperature-that might indicate the outbreak of a forest fire.I truly believe it has potential," said Victoria Henderson, branch chief for equipment and chemicals at the Forest Serviced National Interagency Fire Center. If this ca

24、n enhance假高）our existing technology to a degree that would gain us a lot more fire protection, then we 'd look at a plan to purchase it for our nationwide infrastructure（ 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 ）,which is huge ”Researchers have discovered that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil the more t

25、he energy will be produced. Some researchers also admit that"tree power"isn 't as practical as solar energy, but believe that the system could be scaled-up as a low-cost option for powering tree sensors that help detect environmental conditions or forest fires, Using the electronic out

26、put to keep track of a tree's health is another possibility.8. Why does the author mention the potato battery experiment in the first paragraph ?A. To explain what it is.B. To stress the importance of electricity.C. To introduce the power source from trees.D. To encourage people to try this expe

27、riment.9. What do we know about the fire alarm mentioned in the third paragraph?A. The fire alarm can make a very loud sound.B. Smoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off.C.The electric power it needs comes from the tree.D. It has been widely used in the forest department.10. What's Victori

28、a Henderson 's attitude towards the fire alarm system?A. Cautious B. Favorable C. Disapproving D. Unconcerned 11. What causes trees to create electrical currents ?A. The sensor implanted in the tree.B. The new way adopted by the researchers.C. The special metal used in the battery experiment.D.

29、The pH difference between the soil and the trees.DIn the last few years, you may have noticed the term"microplastics"in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded（ 丟棄的）plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and ocean Because they are so tin

30、y and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastics pollution in our oceans estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic are floating in the worlds oceans. But, if you think that

31、 oceans are the only water bodies with a micropiastics problem, think again- the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in own backyard.In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of micropiastics in the water

32、. Setting out from Deale, Md, the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl（拖網(wǎng)）for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a cone- shaped（錐形的）net whose holes measure 330 microns（ 微米）wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening

33、 and the fine mesh（ 網(wǎng) 眼 ）of net ensures anything suspended m the water is trapped behind.In seven samples, the net picked up algae （海藻）trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be

34、collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing line and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers（磨砂）found in face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics po

35、llution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems' filters（過濾器）and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins（ 毒素）absorbed by microbeads and other micropiastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be

36、passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.12. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The description of the trawl.B. The basic data of the water samples.C. The process of collecting water samples.D. The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.13. What does the under

37、lined word"They"in the last paragraph refer to?A. Bits of bagsB. Chemicals C. MicrobeadsD. Micropiastics14. How docs the author prove plastics pollution can be harmful to people 's health?A. By analyzing the dataB. By making comparisonC. By giving some examplesD. By referring to scient

38、ists ' views15. What's the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To explain some new scientific terms to people.B. To let people learn more about plastics pollution.C. To urge governments to make environmental laws.D. To tell people some new findings in scientific research. 第二節(jié)（共5小題海小題2

39、分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余。What is friendship? The answers may be different. 16. We cannot live without friendship just as we cannot live without air and water. Friendship gives us a feeling of safety and warmth, and friendship encourages us to go ahead all the time.4.1. When we

40、feel happy, we can share our happiness with friends. When we feel down, friends will comfort us. If we are overconfident, our friends can persuade us, and they can make us confident and brave when we are discouraged.Friendship is valuable. It can touch your heart and give you hope. Many people are p

41、roud of having a good friend.18. If you help your friends for no reason but simply because they are your friends, this means that you regard your friends as yourself. This is true friendship.In fact, friendship isn't always easily kept.19., you should treat him or her like you want to be treated

42、. Keep the secrets that your friend tells you. Keep your promise with your friend. Share things with your friend. Stick up for your friend. We should try our best to protect the friendship from being hurt. As an old saying goes, "Friendship cannot stand always on one side. "True friendship

43、 should be able to stand ail kinds of tests.Because of friendship, our lives are full of happiness. Therefore, the more friends we have, the more pleasure we can share with them. Lets say"Thank you"to our friends for their love and care.20.1, never forget to keep the beautiful friendship!A

44、. When you want to keep a friendB. If not, their friendship still cannot last longC. No matter where we go or who we becomeD. Everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendshipE. True friendship must be sincere and must not have conditionsF. But one thing is clear that friendship is the most impo

45、rtant thing in our lifeG. Sometimes people have good friends when they are young and studying in school 第二部分 語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分） 第一節(jié)（共20小題海小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。My daughter Kelly is a cautious person. She needs to warm up to situations, and is 21 to try new things Wh

46、en with close friends, she becomes a 22_ who laughs loudly and chants, Girls rule, boys drool. "But when that 23_ zone is not around her, she is shy and 24 .This has been challenging for me 25_"'Shy"is not a word that I think has ever been used to 26 me. But this has been a year o

47、f 27 for my girl that has filled her with a year of 28 . This year she moved to lap lane swimming where she was preparing for a swim team. This year she teamed to ride a bike without training wheels And this year she 29_ her first kids' triathlon（ 三項(xiàng)全能 ）.On Saturday, with a thunderstorm coming s

48、oon and my sons birthday party later in the day, we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to 30 her first triathlon. We practiced transitions from swim to 31and to run with her. We got all the equipment she'd need and we kept talking about the32. But as we waited the two hours for th

49、e older kids to finish before her 33 ,_she 34 my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times. She was nervous but trying to keep calm.And then it was time for her to go. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart35quickly. My daughter 36_ into the most confident human

50、being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the 37 with the biggest smile on her face.I can honestly say that I never felt so 38_ of someone in my entire life. It wasn 't because she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of somethi

51、ng and 39 that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn't seen before.All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist medal but felt like I 40 that clay.21.A. braveB.eagerC. hesitantD. willing22. A. troublemakerB. leaderC. thinkerD. fighter23.A.

52、comfortB.dangerC. hardshipD. compromise24.A. scaryB. nervousC. painfulD. thrilled25.A. some timesB. some timeC. on timeD. at times26.A. attractB. catchC. describeD. meet27.A. firstsB.secondsC. finalsD.ends28.A. circumstanceB. confidenceC. coincidenceD. dependence29.A. defeatedB. lostC completedD. qu

53、itted30. A. arrangeB. attendC. achieveD. accompany31.A. busB. bikeC. taxiD. motorcycle32.A. raceB. lifeC. testD. assignment33.A. chanceB. turnC. failureD. success34. A heldB. pressedC.squeezedD. scratched35.A. settledB. aroseC.sankD. rose36.A. translatedB.transplantedC. transformedD. transported37.A

54、. standB. summitC. deadlineD. finish38. A. ashamedB. sensibleC. proudD. critical39.A. seizedB. conqueredC. graspedD. possessed40.A. wonB. lostC. reservedD. removed第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Parkour(跑酷)is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles in t

55、heir path. It is not a competition but a physical training. A person joining in parkour is called a traceur. Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with the obstacles in the most efficient way. Parkour pays more attention to efficiency, 41 (make) it different from the similar pr

56、actice of freerunning. Parkour 42(common) includes running jumping, climbing, rolling and other similartypes of physical movements. Many teenagers think that parkour is quite 43 cool sport. They have great interest in it. The 44(invent) of parkour can't 45(give) to one person because many people

57、 have worked on it. A French officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term"parkour"was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastian Foucan in the early 1980s. _46 that time, they were two teenagers. This sport 47(become)more popular in the 1990s whenmany films were made on it.48

58、 makes parkour differed from other sports is its power to bring people together. It allows traceurs to forget the 49(society)and other problems, and makes a large group working and growing together instead of competing with each other. People can benefit from parkour as it can make them stronger. Still, it also influences one's thought process by improving self-confidence and critical-thinking skills. In this way, parkour allows one to deal with 50(difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)