數(shù)學(xué)常用詞匯中英文對照

1、數(shù)學(xué)常用詞匯中英文對照代 數(shù) 部 分 1、有關(guān)基本運(yùn)算：add，plus加 subtract減 difference差multiply,times乘 product積 divide除 divisible可被整除的 dividedevenly被整除 dividend被除數(shù)divisor因子，除數(shù) quotient商 remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘 power乘方 radicalsign,rootsign根號 roundto四舍五入 tothenearest四舍五入 2.有關(guān)集合union并集 proper subset真子集 solution set解集3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式

2、algebraic term代數(shù)項like terms,similar terms同類項numerical coefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literal coefficient字母系數(shù)inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等價方程linear equation線性方程 4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)proper fraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improper fraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixed number帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)

3、simple fraction簡分?jǐn)?shù)complex fraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction純小數(shù)infinite decimal無窮小數(shù)recurring decimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位5.基本數(shù)學(xué)概念arithmetic mean算術(shù)平均值weighted average加權(quán)平均值geometric mean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體square root平方根cube r

4、oot立方根common logarithm常用對數(shù)digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量inversefunction反函數(shù)complementary function余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolute value絕對值，round off四舍五入 6.有關(guān)數(shù)論natural number自然數(shù)positive number正數(shù)negative number負(fù)數(shù)odd integer,odd number奇數(shù)even integer,even number偶數(shù)integer,whole number整數(shù)positive whol

5、e number正整數(shù)negative whole number負(fù)整數(shù)consecutive number連續(xù)整數(shù)rea lnumber,rational number實數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無理數(shù)inverse倒數(shù)composite number合數(shù)prime number質(zhì)數(shù)reciprocal倒數(shù)common divisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)common multiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的ten

6、s十位units個位mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)common ratio公比 7.數(shù)列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometric progression(sequence)等比數(shù)列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時針方向cardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比 distinct不同的estimation估計，近似parentheses括號proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometric function三角

7、函數(shù)unit單位,位幾 何 部 分1.所有的角alternate angle內(nèi)錯角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle對頂角central angle圓心角interior angle內(nèi)角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles補(bǔ)角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle鄰角acute angle銳角obtuse angle鈍角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夾角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle

8、等邊三角形scalene triangle不等邊三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle內(nèi)接三角形3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentric circles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangl

9、e長方形regular polygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面圖形arc弧line,straight line直線line segment線段parallel lines平行線segment of a circle弧形5.有關(guān)立體圖形 cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangular solid長方體regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面體circular cylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的6.有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物altitude高depth深度side邊長circumference,perimete

10、r周長radian弧度surface area 表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股cros ssection橫截面center of acircle圓心chord弦radius半徑angle bisector角平分線diagonal對角線diameter直徑edge棱face of a solid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊included side夾邊leg三角形的直角邊medianofatriangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)opposite直角三角形中的對邊midpoint中點endpoint端點vertex(復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices)頂點tangent切線的trans

11、versal截線intercept截距7.有關(guān)坐標(biāo)coordinate system坐標(biāo)系rectangular coordinate直角坐標(biāo)系origin原點abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)numberline數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane復(fù)平面8. 其它plane geometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學(xué)bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內(nèi)切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的1、單位類ce

12、nt美分penny一美分硬幣nickel5美分硬幣dime一角硬幣dozen打（12個）score廿(20個)Centigrade攝氏Fahrenheit華氏quart夸脫gallon加侖(1gallon=4quart)yard碼meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量單位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方單位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脫(干量或液量的單位)2.有關(guān)文字?jǐn)⑹鲱}，主要是有關(guān)商業(yè)intercalary year(leapyear)閏年(366天)common year平年(365天)depreciation折舊down

13、payment直接付款discount打折margin利潤profit利潤interest利息simple interest單利compounded interest復(fù)利dividend紅利decrease to減少到decrease by減少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表示list price標(biāo)價markup漲價per capita每人ratio比率retail price零售價tie打平集合與簡易邏輯 集合（集）set非負(fù)整數(shù)集the set of all non-negative integers自然數(shù)集the set of all natura

14、l numbers正整數(shù)集the set of all positive integers整數(shù)集the set of all integers有理數(shù)集the set of all rational numbers實數(shù)集the set of all real numbers元素element屬于belong to不屬于not belong to有限集finite set無限集infinite set空集empty set包含inclusion, include包含于lie in子集subset真子集proper subset補(bǔ)集（余集）complementary set全集universe交集i

15、ntersection并集union偶數(shù)集the set of all even numbers奇數(shù)集the set of all odd numbers含絕對值的不等式inequality with absolute value一元二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality邏輯logic邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞logic connective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truth table原命題original proposition逆命題converse proposition否命題negative proposition逆否命題converse

16、-negative proposition充分條件sufficient condition必要條件necessary condition充要條件sufficient and necessary condition的充要條件是 if and only if 函 數(shù) 函數(shù)function自變量argument定義域domain值域range區(qū)間interval閉區(qū)間closed interval開區(qū)間open interval函數(shù)的圖象graph of function映射mapping象image原象inverse image單調(diào)monotone增函數(shù)increasing function減函數(shù)

17、decreasing function單調(diào)區(qū)間monotone interval反函數(shù)inverse function指數(shù)exponentn次方根n th root根式radical根指數(shù)radical exponent被開方數(shù)radicand指數(shù)函數(shù)exponential function對數(shù)logarithm常用對數(shù)common logarithm自然對數(shù)natural logarithm對數(shù)函數(shù)logarithmic function 數(shù) 列 數(shù)列sequence of number項term通項公式the formula of general term有窮數(shù)列finite sequen

18、ce of number無窮數(shù)列infinite sequence of number遞推公式recurrence formula等差數(shù)列arithmetic progression ，arithmetic series公差common difference等差中項arithmetic mean等比數(shù)列g(shù)eometric progression， geometric series公比common ratio等比中項geometric mean三 角 函 數(shù) 三角函數(shù)trigonometric function始邊initial side終邊terminal side正角positive ang

19、le負(fù)角negative angle零角zero angle象限角quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制radian measure角度制degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant誘導(dǎo)公式induction formula正弦曲線sine curve余弦曲線cosine curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimal positive period周期函數(shù)periodic function振幅amplitude of vibration頻率frequ

20、ency相位phase初相initial phase反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent 平 面 向 量 有向線段directed line segment數(shù)量scalar quantity向量vector零向量zero vector相等向量equal vector共線向量collinear vectors平行向量parallel vectors向量的數(shù)乘multiplication of vector by scalar單位向量unit vector基底base基向量base vectors平移translation數(shù)量積inner product正弦定理sine theorem余弦定理cosine theorem 不 等