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1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán),請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除,僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流四六級翻譯(文化藝術(shù))新題型練習(xí).精品文檔.文化篇飲茶中國人飲茶, 注重一個"品"字。"品茶"不但是鑒別茶的優(yōu)劣,也帶有神思遐想和領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶,擇雅靜之處,自斟自飲,可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神,也可以細(xì)啜慢飲,達(dá)到美的享受,使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界。品茶的環(huán)境一般由建筑物、園林、擺設(shè)、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒適、干凈。中國園林世界聞名,山水風(fēng)景更是不可勝數(shù)。利用園林或自然山水間,搭設(shè)茶室,讓人們小憩,意趣盎然。中國是文明古國,禮儀之邦,很重禮節(jié)。凡來
2、了客人,沏茶、敬茶的禮儀是必不可少的。當(dāng)有客來訪,可征求意見,選用最合來客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人飲茶時,要注意客人杯、壺中的茶水殘留量,一般用茶杯泡茶,如已喝去一半,就要添加開水,隨喝隨添,使茶水濃度基本保持前后一致,水溫適宜。在飲茶時也可適當(dāng)佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等,達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)口味和點心之功效。The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a
3、 way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frus
4、tration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form
5、 the ambiance for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty
6、of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves.China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for th
7、eir preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be add
8、ed after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay
9、 one's hunger.注釋:1. 神思遐想:reverie。2. 領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣:take delight in tea-drinking。3. 在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶:這個句子較長,譯者根據(jù)其意思的層次,把它分成了兩個完整的句子來翻譯,這樣就有較大的自由度來遣詞造句。4. 擇靜雅之處:securing a serene space。5. 細(xì)啜慢飲:imbibe slowly in small sips。6. 達(dá)到美的享受:即"享受到飲茶之美"。allure這里是名詞,意為"迷人之處",也可用beauty。7. 使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界
10、:until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm。8. 利用園林或自然山水間,搭設(shè)茶室:翻譯時用了tucked away和nestled,比用built要形象、優(yōu)美得多。9. 讓人們小憩,意趣盎然:意思是"(茶室)是讓人們休息、娛樂的迷人場所。"10. 禮儀之邦:即是"一個很講究禮儀的地方","很重禮節(jié)"為重復(fù),不譯。11. 當(dāng)有客來訪:是"凡來了客人"的重復(fù),可不譯。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容,加上before serving tea,使上下銜
11、接貼切自然。12. 征求意見,選用最合來客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客:可理解為"詢問來客他們最喜歡什么茶葉,然后用最合適的茶具給客人敬茶"。13. 主人在陪伴客人飲茶時:譯為in the course of serving tea,與前面before serving tea相呼應(yīng)。14. 主人在陪伴客人飲茶時水溫適宜:這句話較長,譯者同樣根據(jù)其意思的層次,把它分成了兩個完整的句子來翻譯。15. 隨喝隨添:and thus the cup is kept filled或者and in this way the cup is kept filled。16. 茶食:意思為"
12、;點心、小吃"。17. 達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)口味和點心之功效:"點心"為方言"點饑、充饑"的意思。園林中國園林可分為御花園和私家花園兩類。前者多見于北方,后者則多見于南方,尤以蘇州,無錫和南京三地為盛。Chinese garden can be divided into two categories: the imperial and the private. The former is seen most frequently in northern china while more of the later can be found in the so
13、uth, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi and Nanjing.南方私家花園中的溪、橋、山、亭小巧玲瓏,布局精明,盡顯其自然美,令人賞心悅目。橋大多為石橋,有直橋,曲橋,拱橋。直橋其實是一塊不加裝飾的石板,通常與河岸或河水齊高,給人一種臨水的感覺。曲橋設(shè)有低欄桿,西湖上的九曲橋就屬此橋。拱橋可以分為單拱橋和多拱橋兩種。園內(nèi)的小溪雖占地不多,卻同小橋與石嶼相得益彰,渾然一體。Small and delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to the eye, the streams, bridges, rockeries and p
14、avilions of private Chinese garden reveal a natural beauty of their own. Most of the bridges in this garden are stone, including straight, winding and arched bridges. The Straight bridges consist of just one stone slab without any decoration and it is usually level with the riverbank or with the riv
15、er to make the visitors feel that they are surrounded by the water. The winding bridge has low balustrades. The Jiuqu Zigzag Bridge on west lake is one of them. The arched bridge can be divided into the single-arch and the multi-arch varieties. Streams in this gardens do not cover a large area, but
16、setting them well with bridges and islands to yield a uniform effect.石頭與假山是中國南方園林的特色。奇形怪狀的石頭常帶有引人注目的波紋,線條和水孔。碩大的石頭可自成一景,而較小石塊則堆積成假山,為園林增添無比魅力。走廊是中國園林的另一大特色。有河邊的河廊,花叢中的花廊,柳樹叢中的柳廊,竹林中的竹廊。對客人來說,這些走廊可謂是優(yōu)秀導(dǎo)游。在一座大花園里沿走廊而行,可以觀賞園內(nèi)的各處景觀。Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. St
17、ones of grotesque forms are often attractive with underlaid lines and water holes. Some large stones form sceneries of their own while smaller ones are put together to form artificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden. Corridors form another feature of the chinese garden. Th
18、ere are water corridors built along the waterside, flower corridors setted among flowers, willow corridors among groves of willow and bamboo corridors among groves of bamboo. For the visitors, these corridors are good travel guides leading to the various views of the big garden.形態(tài)各異的窗戶點綴在走廊上,有方形,有圓形
19、,有六角形,也有八角形。許多窗戶的圖案也都裝飾的非常美麗。游客可以透過這些艷麗多彩的走廊窗戶,將園內(nèi)的佳景盡收眼底。園林的大門同窗戶一樣也雕刻成各種形狀,給環(huán)境帶來了生氣,增添了雅趣。The corridors are decorated by windows of every shape: square, round , hexagonal and octagonal. Many of the windows are decorated with very beautiful patterns and designs. Visitors can have excellent view of
20、the garden through the colorful windows. The doors of the garden, like the windows, are also carved in different shapes to bring more vigorousness and elegance to the surroundings.花園中的墻壁多粉刷成白色。隱秘在花叢,樹叢,小山叢中的白墻與灰瓦褐窗形成強(qiáng)烈的反差。白墻上樹影婆娑,池塘中柳枝齊舞。在園中徜徉的游客也許能在這世外桃源里真正地享受片刻安寧。Walls of these gardens are usually
21、 painted in white. Hiding among the flowers, trees and hills, white walls stand in a sharp contrast to the gray tiles and brown windows. Stollings about these gardens with the tree shadows swaying on the white wall and willow reflections dancing in the ponds, tourists may then find themselves truly
22、enjoy this peace and relaxation in this paradise from the turmoil of the world.八大菜系浙江菜,簡稱浙菜,是中國八大菜系之一。浙菜由杭州菜、寧波菜、紹興菜組成。菜式小巧玲瓏,清俊逸秀,菜品鮮美滑嫩,脆軟清爽。杭州菜是這三者中最出名的一個。杭州菜以精細(xì)的食材準(zhǔn)備及多種烹飪技法聞名于世。杭州菜多用煸、燉、炒及油炸等烹調(diào)方法烹制出鮮嫩香脆的菜肴。隨著季節(jié)的變化,杭州菜品也有所不同。Zhejiang cuisine, also called Zhe Cai for short, is one of the eight fam
23、ous culinary schools in China. Comprising local cuisines of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing, Zhejiang Cuisine, not greasy, wins its reputation for freshness, tenderness, softness, smoothness of its dishes with mellow fragrance. Hangzhou Cuisine is the most famous one among the three. Hangzhou cuisine
24、is characterized by its elaborate preparation and varying techniques of cooking, such as sauteing, stewing, and stir- and deep-frying. Hangzhou food tastes fresh and crisp, varying with the change of season.Famous dishes 著名菜肴:Longjing Tea Shrimps 龍井蝦仁Xihu Sour Fish 西湖醋魚Stewed Egg with Fish Slice 魚片蒸
25、蛋Pear and Crab Sticks 鳳梨蟹柳山東菜系,由濟(jì)南菜系和膠東菜系組成,清淡,不油膩,以其香,鮮,酥,軟而聞名。因為使用青蔥和大蒜做為調(diào)料,山東菜系通常很辣。山東菜系注重湯品。清湯清澈新鮮,而油湯外觀厚重,味道濃重。濟(jì)南菜系擅長炸,烤,煎,炒,而膠東菜系則以其烹飪海鮮的鮮淡而聞名。Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine is clear, pure and not greasy which is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, fresh
26、ness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying,
27、grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste.Famous dishes 著名菜肴:Dezhou Braised Chicken 德州扒雞Sweet and Sour Carp 糖醋鯉魚Braised Sea Cucumber with Scallion 蔥燒海參Prawn Dish with Color Pattern 百花大蝦湖南菜系由湘江地區(qū),洞庭湖和湘西的地方菜肴組成。它以其極辣的味道為特色。紅辣椒,青辣椒
28、和青蔥在這一菜系中的必備品。湖南人喜食辣椒源于當(dāng)?shù)貧夂虺睗瘢苯房梢詭椭梭w驅(qū)趕潮氣。湘菜傳統(tǒng)的烹飪方法包括燉、蒸和煨燉。Hunan cuisine consists of local Cuisines of Xiangjiang Region, Dongting Lake and Xiangxi coteau. It characterizes itself by thick and pungent flavor. Chili, pepper and shallot are usually necessaries in this division. Hunan food is hot bec
29、ause the climate is very humid, which makes it difficult for human body to eliminate moisture. The local people eat hot peppers to help remove dampness and cold. The main cooking methods for Hunan dishes are braising, steaming and stewing.Famous dishes 著名菜肴:Steamed Multiple Preserved Hams 臘味合蒸Gold F
30、ish Playing Lotus 金魚戲蓮Tortoise and Mutton Soup 龜羊湯Braised pork in brown sauce 紅燒肉四川菜系,是世界上最著名的中國菜系之一。四川菜系以其香辣而聞名,味道多變,著重使用紅辣椒,搭配使用青椒和花椒,產(chǎn)生出經(jīng)典的刺激的味道。此外,大蒜,姜和豆豉也被應(yīng)用于烹飪過程中。野菜和野禽常被選用為原料,油炸,無油炸,腌制和文火燉煮是基本的烹飪技術(shù)。沒有品嘗過四川菜的人不算來過中國。四川火鍋也許是世界上最出名的火鍋,尤其是半辣半清的鴛鴦火鍋。Sichuan Cuisine, known often in the West as Sich
31、uan Cuisine, is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. Besides, garlic, ginger an
32、d fermented soybean are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients, while frying, frying without oil, pickling and braising are applied as basic cooking techniques. It cannot be said that one who does not experience Sichuan food ever reaches China
33、. Sichuan hot pots are perhaps the most famous hotpots in the world, most notably the Yuan Yang (mandarin duck) Hotpot half spicy and half clear.Famous dishes 著名菜肴:Kung Pao Chicken 宮保雞丁Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce 魚香肉絲Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce 夫妻肺片Mapo Tofu 麻婆豆腐廣東菜源自于中國廣東省。大多數(shù)華僑來自廣東,因此廣東菜也許是國外最廣泛
34、的中國地方菜系。廣東人熱衷于嘗試用各種不同的肉類和蔬菜,不大使用辣椒,而是帶出蔬菜和肉類自身的風(fēng)味。廣東菜是各類豐富的中國菜系之一。廣東菜系,味道清,淡,脆,鮮,為西方人所熟知,常用猛禽走獸來烹飪出有創(chuàng)意的菜肴。它的基礎(chǔ)烹飪方法包括烤,炒,煸,深炸,烤,燉和蒸。其中蒸和炒最常用于保存天然風(fēng)味。廣東廚師也注重于菜肴的藝術(shù)感。Cantonese food originates from Guangdong. The majority of overseas Chinese people are from Guangdong(Canton)so Cantonese is perhaps the mo
35、st widely available Chinese regional cuisine outside of China.Cantonese are known to have an adventurous palate, able to eat many different kinds of meats and vegetables.It doesn't use much spice, bringing out the natural flavor of the vegetables and meats.Cantonese food is easily one of the mos
36、t diverse and richest cuisines in China.Tasting clear, light, crisp and fresh, Guangdong cuisine, familiar to Westerners, usually chooses raptors and beasts to produce originative dishes. Its basic cooking techniques include roasting, stir-frying, sauteing, deep-frying, braising, stewing and steamin
37、g. Among them steaming and stir-frying are more commonly applied to preserve the natural flavor. Guangdong chefs also pay much attention to the artistic presentation of dishes.Famous dishes 著名菜肴:Guangzhou Wenchang Chicken 廣州文昌雞Dongjiang Salted Chicken 東江鹽焗雞Finger Citron Chop 佛手排骨Roasted Suckling Pig
38、 烤乳豬江蘇菜,又叫淮陽菜,流行于在淮揚(yáng)湖下流。江蘇菜以水產(chǎn)作為主要原料,注重原料的鮮味。其雕刻技術(shù)十分珍貴,其中瓜雕尤其著名。烹飪技術(shù)包括燉,烤,焙,煨等?;搓柌说奶厣堑?,鮮,甜,雅。江蘇菜系以其精選的原料,精細(xì)的準(zhǔn)備,不辣不溫的口感而出名。因為江蘇氣候變化很大,江蘇菜系在一年之中也有變化。蘇菜味道強(qiáng)而不重,淡而不溫。Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. Aquatics as the main ingredients, it st
39、resses the freshness of materials. Its carving techniques are delicate, of which the melon carving technique is especially well known. Cooking techniques consist of stewing, braising, roasting, simmering, etc. The flavor of Huaiyang Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elegance. Jiang
40、su cuisine is well known for its careful selection of ingredients, its meticulous preparation methodology, and its not-too-spicy, not-too-bland taste. Since the seasons vary in climate considerably in Jiangsu, the cuisine also varies throughout the year. If the flavor is strong, it isn't too hea
41、vy; if light, not too bland.Famous dishes 著名菜肴:Nanjing's Salty Wild Duck 南京鹽水鴨Mandarin Fish with Pine Nuts 松子鱖魚Large Meatball 獅子頭Boiled and Dried Bean Curd 煮干絲閩菜由福州、閩南、閩西三路菜組成。福州菜路流行于閩東、閩中、閩北地區(qū);閩南菜則廣傳于廈門、泉州、漳州、閩南金三角;閩西菜則盛行于閩西客家地區(qū),極富鄉(xiāng)土氣息。閩菜的風(fēng)格特色是:淡雅、鮮嫩、和醇、雋永??谖镀靥?、酸和清淡,常用紅糟調(diào)味。Fujian cuisine compr
42、ises three branches Fuzhou, South Fujian and West Fujian. There are slight differences among them. Fuzhou dishes, quite popular in eastern, central and northern Fujian Province, are more fresh, delicious, and less salty, sweet, and sour; South Fujian dishes, popular in Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou an
43、d the golden triangle of South Fujian, are sweet and hot ,which use hot sauces, custard, and orange juice as flavorings; West Fujian dishes are salty and hot, prevailing in Hakka region with strong local flavor. Generally speaking, Fujian dishes are slightly sweet and sour, and less salty, and often
44、 use the red distiller's grain for flavoring.Famous dishes 著名菜肴:Fotiaoqiang 佛跳墻Tai Chi Taro 太極芋泥Lychee Meat 荔枝肉Fried Sprats 海蠣煎徽菜是中國傳統(tǒng)的八大菜系之一。安徽省績溪縣是徽菜的發(fā)祥地,素譽(yù)“徽廚之鄉(xiāng)”。安徽菜由皖南、沿江、淮北三種地方風(fēng)味組成, 其特色不僅在于精細(xì)的食物取材,還在于獨(dú)特的烹飪方法。安徽廚師注重于烹飪的溫度,擅長煨燉。通常會加入火腿和方糖來改善菜肴的味道。Anhui cuisine is one of the eight great tradit
45、ions of Chinese cuisine. The Anhui Province Jixi County is the emblem vegetable birthplace, the element reputation "township of the emblem kitchen". Anhui cuisine comprises the specialties of South Anhui, Yanjiang and Huai Bei. The highly distinctive characteristic of Anhui cuisine lies no
46、t only in the elaborate choices of cooking materials but also in the strict control of cooking process. Anhui Cuisine chefs focus much more attention on the temperature in cooking and are good at braising and stewing. Often hams will be added to improve taste and sugar candy added to gain.Famous dis
47、hes 著名菜肴:Braised Streaky Pork with Huizhou Glue 徽州桃脂燒肉Steamed Lotus Seeds 干蒸蓮子Fried Prawns 香炸琵琶蝦Fuliji Braised Chicken 符離集燒雞藝術(shù)篇n 4.1 Calligraphy and Paintingn 4.1.1 Calligraphyn 書法n calligraphyn 硬筆書法n pen calligraphyn 表音成分n phonetic componentn 表形成分n symbolic componentn 漢字偏旁n components of Chinese ch
48、aractersn 線條藝術(shù)n the art of linesn 漢字書寫(體)n Chinese scriptn 漢字從圖畫和符號演變而來,中國書法藝術(shù)自然而然衍生于這一特殊的書寫體系(絕大多數(shù)漢字由表音和表形成分構(gòu)成),因此中國書法也被稱作線條藝術(shù)。n Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from this special writing system (most Chinese characters consi
49、st of several phonetic and symbolic components), so Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines.n 盡管中國書法以漢字為表達(dá)工具,但要欣賞中國書法之美,不一定非要懂得漢語。n Although Chinese calligraphy uses Chinese words as its vehicle of expression, one does not have to know the language to appreciate its beauty.n 書法的目的在于保持自然之
50、美,突顯人類精神之美。n Calligraphys purpose is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate mans spiritual beauty. n P51n 受到青睞n to find favor inn 漢學(xué)圈n the circle of Chinese language learningn 漢學(xué)n Sinologyn 筆畫n stroken 點、橫、豎、撇、折、勾n dot stroke, horizontal stroke, vertical stroke, curved stroke, angular stroke,
51、 hooked stroken 部首,獨(dú)立成字n radical, standalone charactern 篆書,隸書,草書,楷書,行書n the seal form, the official form, the cursive form, the regular form, the running formn 像字如其人,這樣的中國古語與書法是直接相關(guān)的。n The Chinese saying like “The handwriting reveals the writer” is directly related to calligraphy.n 人們認(rèn)為,書寫中運(yùn)用的力度表露人的
52、性情,而書寫的文字則能彰顯書法家對生活和藝術(shù)的理解。n It is believed that the force used in writing betrays ones disposition and the written characters reveals the calligraphers understanding of life and arts.n 另外,書法作為一門中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù),很早便為鄰國所青睞。n On the other hand, being a Chinese traditional art, Chinese calligraphy also found favo
53、r in the neighboring countries from the early times.n 漢字筆畫有24多種,分為六大類:點、橫、豎、撇、折、勾。n Strokes within Chinese characters can have more than 24 varieties of shapes that fall into six basic categories: dian (dot stroke), heng (horizontal stroke), shu (vertical stroke), pie (curved stroke), zhe (angular s
54、troke) and gou (hooked stroke).n 漢字字體通常分為五種形式:篆書、隸書、草書、楷書和行書。n Chinese scripts are generally divided into five forms: the seal form, the official form, the cursive form, the regular form, and the running form.n 這些形式密切相關(guān),但各有其獨(dú)自的形體和特點。因此,書寫時使用的方法各不相同。n These forms are closely related, but each form ha
55、s its own shapes and features, so different methods are employed when writing them.n 現(xiàn)在,最常用的書體是楷書和行書。n Recently, the most frequently used forms have been the regular form and the running form.n 草書常用于中國書法的創(chuàng)新性作品中。n The cursive form is often applied in the creative works of Chinese calligraphy.n 篆書是一種古
56、老的書體,主要出現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)國和先秦時期的青銅器上。n The seal form is an ancient script that mainly appeared on the bronze vessels during the Warring States and Pre-Qin Periods.n P52n 小篆n small seal scriptn 象形文字n pictographyn 大楷、小楷、中楷、行楷、行草n larger regular form, smaller regular form, medium regular form, running regular form,
57、running cursive formn 楷書四大家n four masters of the regular form n 篆書筆畫柔美,形體方正,更近似象形文字。(柔美的筆畫和方正的形體,使得篆書更接近象形文字。)n Soft lines of strokes and upright rectangular shapes keep the seal form characters more close to pictography.n 此種樣式的書法筆畫流暢,字字相連,所以平滑、生動。n This style of calligraphy is smooth and lively wit
58、h strokes flowing and characters linking together. n 前字最后一筆常順入后字第一筆中,因此字與字常常連接一起。n The characters are often joined, with the last stroke of one merging into the initial stroke of the next.n 草書行筆自如而迅疾,所以字的某些部分看起來十分夸張。n It is executed freely and rapidly so that parts of the character appear exaggerate
59、d.n 即使在同一幅作品中,字體也會大小各異,好像一切皆由書寫者的一時興致所支配。n They may vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.n 線條的流暢和毛筆的節(jié)奏創(chuàng)造出一種整體的抽象美。n The flow of the lines and the rhythm of the brush create an abstract beauty of the whole.n 如要學(xué)習(xí)書法,以楷書開始大有裨益,因為這種結(jié)構(gòu)很有規(guī)律,易于掌握和臨摹,n When learning calligraphy, it is helpful to begin with the regular form
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