英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)下冀教版第一單元語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

1、冀教版九下第一單元語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)法全面透視動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞根據(jù)它能否單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。顧名思義，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種：動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞?，F(xiàn)在我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式吧。一、構(gòu)成不定式（infinitive）由不定式記號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成(to do)。但在有些情況下to可以省略。及物動(dòng)詞的不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)，如：to write a letter（寫信）。也可以被狀語(yǔ)修飾，如：to read the news slowly（慢慢讀新聞）。不定式加賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)。不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是直接在 to前加not（ not to do），如：

2、not to go home（不回家）。二、用法 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，還可用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。1. 主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種： （1）不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 騎自行車去那兒將花費(fèi)我們半小時(shí)。（2）用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： 歸納總結(jié)：用it作形式主語(yǔ)的基本句型： Itbe名詞to do sth.It's his duty to take good care of the student

3、s. 照顧好學(xué)生是他的職責(zé)。 It takes sb +some time/ money+ to do sth.How long did it take you to finish the work? 完成這件工作要花費(fèi)你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？ Itbe形容詞for sbto do sth.（常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等）It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。 It

4、be形容詞of sbto do sth.（常用表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞， 如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等）It was silly of us to believe him.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seems(appears)形容詞to do sth.It seemed impossible to save money. 節(jié)約錢好像是不可能的。友情提示：當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用Itbeto do+ to do。如：（對(duì)）To

5、give is better than to receive. 給予總比接受好。（錯(cuò)）It is to give is better than to receive. 2. 表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作，或表示主語(yǔ)的“職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)”等。如：His plan is to spend a few days in the mountains.他計(jì)劃在山里呆幾天。Her problem is where to live.她的問(wèn)題是住哪兒。3. 賓語(yǔ)（1）有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司機(jī)沒(méi)能

6、及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。歸納總結(jié)：常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞歸納如下：agree（同意），arrange（安排），ask（問(wèn)），bother（打擾），care（關(guān)心），choose（選擇），come（來(lái)），decide（決定），expect（期望），happen（碰巧），hope（希望），fail（失?。琱elp（幫助），learn（學(xué)習(xí)），long（渴望），manage（設(shè)法），offer（提供），ought（應(yīng)該），plan（計(jì)劃），prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pretend（假裝

7、），promise（允許），refuse（拒絕），seem（好像），tend（想要），want（想要），wait（等待），wish（希望）等。（2）當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞it補(bǔ)語(yǔ)to do句式。如： He finds it difficult to learn English well.他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難。4. 定語(yǔ)（1）在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：The next train to arrive is from Shanghai.下一趟到達(dá)的火車來(lái)自上海。My wish to visit France h

8、as come true at last. 我參觀法國(guó)的愿望最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了。（2）不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句。如：She was the only one to look after the child.She was the only one that looked after the child.只有她一人照顧那個(gè)孩子。友情提示1. 不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 如：He found a good house to live in.他發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)可以住的好房子。2. 如果不定式修飾time, place, way ， 可以省略介詞。如：This

9、is the best way to work out this problem.這是算出這道題最好的方法。5. 狀語(yǔ) 不定式可以作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。（1）目的狀語(yǔ) only to (僅僅為了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別。（2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I sai

10、d to make you angry.我說(shuō)的話讓你生氣了。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石頭砸了自己的腳。（3）表原因I'm very glad to see you.見(jiàn)到你真高興。經(jīng)典考例：用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. My mother is ill.-I am very sorry _ (hear) that.解答：此句中是動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表原因。正確答案是：to hear2. He is enough old_ (finish) this work.解答：此句中是動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表目的。正確答案是：t

11、o finish6、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后常有不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，這樣意義才能完整。如：Parents will not allow us to play on the street.父母不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?We invited him to join us.我們邀請(qǐng)他加入我們。歸納總結(jié)：不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞歸納如下：ask（問(wèn)），tell（告訴），invite（邀請(qǐng)），want（要），like（喜歡），allow（允許），wish（希望），hate（不喜歡），help（幫助），leave（留給），expect（期望），prefer（寧愿），encourage

12、（鼓勵(lì)），advise（建議），persuade（勸說(shuō)），permit（允許），remind（提醒），request（要求）， order（命令），warn（警告） 7. 疑問(wèn)詞who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式構(gòu)成特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如： （1）When to leave for London has not been decided yet.（不定式在句子中作主語(yǔ)） 什么時(shí)候去倫敦還沒(méi)有決定。（2）Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay t

13、here. （不定式在句子中作賓語(yǔ)） 史密斯先生不知道是離開還是呆在那兒。（3）The question was where to find a good job. （不定式在句子中作表語(yǔ)） 問(wèn)題是在哪兒找一份好工作。經(jīng)典考例：選擇最佳答案。1. Could you tell me_ to have the picnic?-Near the Beidai River.A. how B. when C. what D. where解析 由答句的地點(diǎn)可知是問(wèn)在哪兒野炊。正確答案：D2. I want to know _ to go there.A. how B. when C. what D. w

14、here解析 由go there和句意可知是怎么去那兒。正確答案：A8. 省略to 的動(dòng)詞不定式（1） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make。如： He often makes me go for a walk with him.他常常讓我和他一起去散步。（2） 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。如：We often hear her play the guitar in the next door.我們常常聽見(jiàn)她在隔壁房間里彈吉他。友情提示make, see,

15、hear, watch, notice等詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to 不能省掉。如：The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.老板讓他們整晚工作。（3） would rather，had better，why not，rather than。如：Jim preferred to swim rather than run.吉姆寧愿游泳也不愿跑步。（4） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb. (to) do sth。如： On weekends, I often help m

16、y mother (to) do housework.周末，我常常幫好好干家務(wù)活。（5） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.他想搬到法國(guó)和那個(gè)女孩兒結(jié)婚。經(jīng)典考例：選擇最佳答案。1. I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going解答 why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式。正確

17、答案：D2. Paul doesn't have to be made_. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning解答make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。正確答案：A三、 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài) 不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。（1）語(yǔ)態(tài)雖然動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)有表面上的直接主語(yǔ)，但它表達(dá)的意義是動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作一定由使動(dòng)者發(fā)出，此時(shí)用主動(dòng)式；如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式?，F(xiàn)以write為例，具體形式如下表：主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般式(n

18、ot) to write (not) to be written進(jìn)行式(not) to be writing完成式(not) to have written(not) to have been written（2）時(shí)態(tài)1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。He wants to know this thing.他想知道此事。I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再見(jiàn)到你。2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 I'm

19、sorry to have given you so much trouble.很對(duì)不起，給你帶來(lái)如此多的麻煩。He seems to have caught a cold.他好像感冒了。3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 He seems to be reading English.他好像正在讀英語(yǔ)。 She pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.她假裝認(rèn)真聽講。知識(shí)拓展部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，現(xiàn)歸納如下：1. forget to do忘記要去做某事。 (未做) forget d

20、oing忘記做過(guò)某事。 (已做)2. stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。3. remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做) remember doing記得做過(guò)某事 (已做)4. regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾。 (未做)regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)5. try to do努力，企圖盡力去做某事。try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。5. go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。6. be afraid to do不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原

21、因不去做，意為“怕”；be afraid of doing擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上造成的，意為“生怕，恐怕”。7. mean to do 打算、想做某事mean doing意味著做某事 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練單項(xiàng)選擇( ) 1. Its wrong _ you not _ her a letter.A. of; to write B. for; writingC. of; writing       D. for; write( ) 2. -Im sorry, I left

22、my exercise book at home.    -Dont forget _ it to school tomorrow, please.    A. taking        B. bringing C. to bring            D. to take( ) 3. The chair looks very old， bu

23、t in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit          B. sit on     C. be sat        D. be sat on( ) 4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke     B. smoking &#

24、160; C. smokes      D. smoke( ) 5. - Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow？A. this         B. that       C. it           D. which( ) 6. -Do you t

25、hink our football team will win the match?        -Yes, we have better players. So I _ them to win.    A. hope     B. ask     C. help     D. expect( ) 7. Mother told me _the water befor

26、e I drank it.A. boiling       B. boiled    C. boil          D. to boil( ) 8. Cars cause most of Beijings air pollution. So the “No Car Day” campaign（活動(dòng)）asks Beijing drivers _ their cars at home one day eac

27、h month.   A. leave               B. leavingC. to leave             D. to be left( )  9. -Do you like sports? -Sure. Im looking forward to w

28、atching the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing on TV.    A. to hold        B. being heldC. held          D. to be held( )  10. Dont make me _this or that. Im very busy.   A. to do

29、0;   B. do    C. doing           D. done( ) 11. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer _ TV or listen to music rather than _ newspapers.A. watching; read        B. watching;

30、to readC. to watch; read        D. to watch ; reading( ) 12. Jane likes singing. We often hear her_ after class. A. singB. sangC. to singD. sings( )  13. -Shopping with me?    -Sorry, I have a lot of clothes _.    A. to

31、wash            B. washedC. wash               D. to be washed( )  14. On her way home a thief was seen_ in a shop. She stopped _ 110 at once.   

32、 A. steal; call         B. to steal; to callC. steal; to call       D. stealing; calling ( )  15. Its a good habit _breakfast every day. A. had B. haveC. to haveD. having( )  16. The first thing I wan

33、t to do is _.A. visit to him   B. to visit him    C. visiting him    D. visited him ( )  17. She pretended _me when I passed by . A . not to see    B . not seeing    C . to not see      D. having not seen ( ) 18. We are often