定語(yǔ)從句講解(關(guān)系代詞的用法)

1、Unit1schoollifeGrammar(1)定語(yǔ)從句(AttributiveClause)I根據(jù)初中所學(xué)知識(shí)，請(qǐng)用紅筆標(biāo)出下列表格中的定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)mybookaholidayofsevendaysaseven-dayholidaysomethingimportantagoodholidayacountrydevelopingfastatoyfactoryabookwrittenbyLuXunadevelopingcountryabooktobepublishedadevelopedcountryabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowlingn定語(yǔ)從句的定義及其

2、作用：定語(yǔ)從句是又稱形容詞性從句，在句子中起定語(yǔ)作用，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可修飾一個(gè)句子.受定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句的作用和作定語(yǔ)的形容詞、介詞詞組、分詞詞組相似，有時(shí)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：金發(fā)女孩可譯作ablondegirl,agirlwithblondehair或agirlwhohasblondehair。定語(yǔ)從句通常由關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom/which/as或關(guān)系副詞when/where/why引導(dǎo)，這些詞既指代主句中要說(shuō)明的名詞或代詞，又充當(dāng)從句中的某個(gè)句子成分。定語(yǔ)從句可分為：限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面

3、，所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句，根據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)判斷是否是定語(yǔ)從句。m定語(yǔ)從句的必備三要素ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.1先行詞2關(guān)系詞3關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分箕詞或代詞)relative pron. (as sub. ,obj. ,pred.)(that 指人或物 / which 指物 / who(m)指人/ whose)relative adv. (as adverbial)(when / where / why)找出下列句中的定語(yǔ)從句；分析定語(yǔ)從句三要素1. Youaretherightmanwhomwearel

4、ookingfor.2. I'vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents.3. IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.4. Thisisthefactorywherethemachinesaremade.W關(guān)系代詞的用法:關(guān)系代詞例句that在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物1） Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（作主語(yǔ)）2） Thenoodles（that）Icookedweredelicious.（作賓語(yǔ)）指人1） Whoisthemanthatisreadingthebookover

5、there?（作主語(yǔ)）2） Thegirl（that）wesawyesterdaywasJim'ssiste作賓語(yǔ)）which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或兵語(yǔ)指物1） Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn'tneedmuchwat酢主語(yǔ)）2） Thefish（which）weboughtwerenotfresh.（作賓語(yǔ)）who,whom在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指人1） TheforeignerwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.（主語(yǔ)）2） TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.（作主語(yǔ)）3）

6、 ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（作賓語(yǔ)）4） Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.（作賓語(yǔ)）whose（所有格）在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)指人whatisthenameoftheboywhosefatherisarailwayworker?物Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisblack.V課堂練習(xí)1找出下列各句中的定語(yǔ)從句，并分析其先行詞：1 Thefanthatyouwantisonthedesk.2 Thewomanyousawintheparkisourgeographyteach

7、er.3 Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.4 That'sthechildwhosedrawingwewerelookingatjustnow.5 Thisistheboywhosesisterisafamoussinger.2把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句1. Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.2. Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.3. Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.They

8、don'tstudyhard.4. Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.5. Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.6. Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.Grammar(2)I修飾物體時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)分使用that的情況：1 .當(dāng)先行詞是nothing,something,anything,all,each,little,few,none,theone等詞時(shí)。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotel

9、lme?2 .當(dāng)先行詞被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修飾時(shí)。e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3 .當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4 .主句是以which或who開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5 .當(dāng)先行詞在從句和主句中都作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，無(wú)論先行詞

10、是人還是物.e.g.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6 .如有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)已用which引導(dǎo)，另一個(gè)宜用that.e.g.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7 .在therebe句型中，只用that.e.g.Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.8 .當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等詞修飾時(shí)。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIl

11、ostyesterday.9 .當(dāng)先行詞又有人又有物時(shí)。e.g.Iwon'tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.只能使用which的情況。1、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。e.g.Shelostthegame,whichdepressedherreally.2、在介詞之后。e.g.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.Shehascollected600stamps,60%ofwhichareGermanstamps.3、當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)被that修飾時(shí)。e.g.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelong

12、stoMary.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronouns.1. ThisistheonlybookIgotlastyear.2. Isthisthebookinyouareinterested?3. ThisisthelargestanimalTomsawinthezoo.4. Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachersexist(存在)inthemotherschool.5. Allthedesksareboughtlookreallywonderful.6. Doyouhaveanymoneyisusedtobu

13、ildthefactory?7. Tomhasatoy,wasgivenbyhisfather.8. Thisisthesecondwatchmyfatherboughtforme.3 / 5修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that和who,whom的區(qū)分。1當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)是who時(shí)，只能用that。e.g.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?2. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中以及介詞后面時(shí)只能用who或者whom。e.g.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwho

14、mareboys.3. 關(guān)系代詞whose既能修飾人，也能修飾物，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞。e.g.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishsoundsverybeautiful.Maryhasaverygooddog,whosehairturnsoutwhiteandblack.Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.1. Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2. Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3. W

15、hoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?4. Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.5. Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.6. Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?7. Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.8. Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.高考真題1：Isawawomenrunningto

16、wardsmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirectionshehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich簡(jiǎn)析：考查介詞關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為事物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞既可用which,也可用that,但介詞后的關(guān)系代詞卻只能用which。由于詞組為comefrom,故此句應(yīng)選fromwhich。2：Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis簡(jiǎn)析：考查介詞關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。句意是上完中學(xué)后到劍橋大學(xué)深造，所以應(yīng)選afterwhich。如果在空格前加上and,那么就要選B。3：TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.