中國(guó)文化英文介紹

1、頁(yè)眉內(nèi)容Con fuciusConfucius named Qiu styled Zhongni, a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius instructed more than 3000 disciples and some were from poor families. Confucius gradually changed the tradition that only nobilities had the

2、 right to receive education. In his later years , Confucius com piled many literary works of ancien t times, i ncluding The Book of Songs ,The Book of Docume nts, and The Books of Chan ges. His sayi ng and behaviors were com piled in The An alects of Con fucius by his disciples. His ideology has bee

3、 n absorbed and carried com posing the esse ntial part of Chin ese traditi onal ideology. It was also sp read into the border regions and areas building up a circle of Confucianism. UNESCO labeled him one of the “ Ten CultureCelebrities孔子 孔子名丘字仲尼，春秋末期偉大的思想家和教育家，儒家學(xué)派創(chuàng)史人。孔子一共教授了三千多個(gè)學(xué)生，其中不乏貧困家庭 的孩子，改變了

4、只有貴族子女才有資格上學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)?？鬃油砟赀€編訂上古書(shū)籍，詩(shī)經(jīng)尚書(shū)周易等。孔子的言行 被他的弟子們收集在論語(yǔ)中，他的思想也被后人吸收和發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，成為中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想最主要的組成部分，并逐漸傳播到 周 邊國(guó)家，形成了影響范W很廣的儒家文化圈。聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織曾將孔子列入世界十大文化名人之一。Beijing OperaBeiji ng Opera is the most popular and in flue ntial opera in China with a history of almost 200 years. In devel opmentBeijing Opera has formed a

5、 number of fictitious props. For instanee a pedal means a boat. Without any physical props inv olved , an actor may p erform going up stairs or dow nstairs opening or closi ng a door by mere gestures. Though exaggerated those actions would give audienee an impression with graceful movements. There a

6、re four main roles she ng dan jing and chou. A she ng or dan has the eyebrows painted and eyes circled. A jing and chou have their facial make up ,for exam pie, a red face depicts the loyalty and bravery and a white face symbolizes treachery and guile.京劇 京劇是中國(guó)流行的最廣泛影響最大的一個(gè)劇種，擁有兩百多年的歷史。在長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，京劇形成

7、了一套虛擬表演 動(dòng)作，如一條槳就可以代表一只船。不需要任何的道具，演員就能表現(xiàn)出上樓.下樓，開(kāi)門(mén)、關(guān)門(mén)等動(dòng)作，雖然經(jīng)赤了夸 張但這些動(dòng)作能給觀眾既真實(shí)又優(yōu)美的感覺(jué)。京劇演員分生、旦、凈、丑四個(gè)行當(dāng)，生和旦的化痕跡要描眉.吊眉.畫(huà)眼圈, 凈丑而部需要化妝，比如，紅臉表示忠誠(chéng)勇猛，口臉表示奸險(xiǎn)。Pap er-CutsChinese papercuts are pretty and exquisite with a unique oriental style. They make viewers to feel the real daily life and a festive atmosphere

8、. The making of paper-cuts is a popular folk art of more than 2000 years inChina, They are mostly created by wome n in rural areas. The desig ns are fowls domestic animals crops, ep isodes from op eras aus picious symbols and so on. Used on the Chin ese lunar New Year or other festivals, they add de

9、light and festivity to the life of the ordinary people. Paper-cuts fall into two categories, simple and natural single-colored on es, and gorgeous and colorful on es. The famous ones are window-panes from Shan xi, figuri nes of local op eras fromWeixian Hebei, and embroidery copies in ethnic minorit

10、ies in southern China. Chinese papercut has been listed as剪紙 中國(guó)的剪紙美麗精巧，帶有獨(dú)特的東方神韻。她們使人感到濃濃的生活氣息和歡樂(lè)的喜慶的氣氛。剪紙藝術(shù)大約有2000多 年的歷史，是中國(guó)民間十分常見(jiàn)的丄藝品。她們大多出自農(nóng)村婦女之手，圖案有家禽、家畜.農(nóng)作物、花鳥(niǎo)、娃娃、戲曲故 事、吉祥圖案等，常常在過(guò) 年過(guò)節(jié)和喜慶吉R時(shí)使用。鮮艷美麗的剪紙給中國(guó)普通百姓的生活帶來(lái)了歡樂(lè)和喜氣。剪紙 分單 色和彩色兩種，單色樸素大方，彩色的絢麗多彩。比較有名的剪紙有陜西的窗花，河北蔚縣的戲曲人物，以及南方少數(shù)民 族的繡花底樣等。中國(guó)剪紙己被聯(lián)合國(guó)

11、教科文組織列入世 界文化遺產(chǎn),Cheong-sam Long Gown and Mandarin JacketOriginated in Manchu female drsess in the Qing Dynasty, Cheong-sam is regarded as the model of Chinesetraditional dressing culture. It accords with the harmony of Chinese culture in style and shows rich oriental feature in techniques. It gives p

12、rominence to a lady s slender figure and heightens the gravity center of human body together with high-heel shoes. Civility eleganee and dignity can be fully displayed. It has developed its own IongJasting trend.As for the traditional clothes of Chinese men, the long gown and mandarin jacket are typ

13、icak As the dress ofManchu men both have round-necks and narrow sleeves. The mandarin jacket has buttons down the front,mostly with sleeves like a horse *hsoof. The front of long gowns is basically large .The long gown and mandarin jacket give the impression of comfortableness and ease as well as so

14、briety.旗袍和長(zhǎng)袍馬褂源自清代滿族女性服飾，旗袍被譽(yù)為中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服飾文化的典范。它造型風(fēng)格方而，符合中國(guó)文化和諧的特點(diǎn)，它在裝飾手法方而也展現(xiàn)著濃厚的東方特質(zhì)。另外，穿旗袍可以突岀形體的修長(zhǎng)感，配上中高跟鞋，更可以抬升人體的重心，將東方女性的端莊，典雅和含蓄的美展 露出來(lái)，因此旗袍在中國(guó)民族服 裝中獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷，久盛而不衰。中國(guó)男子的傳統(tǒng)服飾比較有代表性的為長(zhǎng)袍馬褂。長(zhǎng)袍馬褂是滿族男子的服裝，盤(pán)領(lǐng).窄 袖，馬褂是對(duì)襟，大多有馬蹄袖。長(zhǎng)袍為大襟，長(zhǎng)袍馬褂給人的感覺(jué)是既不乏莊重，又顯得灑脫和舒適。The Spring Festivals Day in the Chinese lunar calen

15、dar. TheThe first day of the first lunar month is the New YearChinese have many traditional customs relating to the festival, families undertake a thorough cleaning, do the Spring Festival shopping, create paper-cuts for window decoration, put up New Year pictures, write Spring Festival coupletsYear

16、and make New Year cakes, to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new. The night b efore the festival is the News Eve, It is the time for a happyfamily reunion to have a sumptuous New Years Eve dinner. People talk and laugh until daybreak,which is called “ stayingup to see the year out W, hen the

17、 bell tolls midnight, people eat dumplings. From the first day of the lunar year, people visit relatives and friends to greet each other. Setting off firecrackers is a favorite activity of children in the festival. The sound of firecrackers can be heard everywhere, adding to the rejoicing atmosphere

18、. From the Chinese all over the world, the Spring Festival is the most important day.春節(jié) 春節(jié)是農(nóng)歷的正月初一，是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年。中國(guó)人過(guò)春節(jié)有許多傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，家家戶戶要大掃除，買(mǎi)年貨，貼窗花，掛年畫(huà)，寫(xiě)春聯(lián)，蒸年羔，準(zhǔn)備辭舊迎新。春節(jié)的前夜叫 除夕之夜是家人團(tuán)聚的時(shí)候，一家人吃一頓豐盛的年夜飯，說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑直到天亮，這叫守歲。除夕零點(diǎn)的鐘聲一響，人們還要吃 餃子。過(guò)了除夕就是大年初一，人們要相互拜年，說(shuō)一些祝愿幸福，健康的吉祥話。放爆竹是春節(jié)期間孩子們最喜歡的活 動(dòng)，陣陣煙花，聲聲爆竹，給節(jié)R增添了喜慶的氣氛，在

19、中國(guó)和世界各地華夏子孫心中，春節(jié)是最重要的一天。The Lantern FestivalThe 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Lantern Festival of China. The Chinese people have the custom of enjoying lanterns and eating gluti nous rice dum plin gs. There is a comm on sayi ng that “ Playing on theLanteFrenstival ” . The cust

20、om started in thHean Dynasty with a history of more than 2000 years. On the night, everyplace is decorated with lanterns to form a bustling atmosphere. People go in crowds to enjoy themselves and some lanterns there are riddles, which encourage people to strive to be the first to find the answer. An

21、other custom is to eat glutinous rice dumplings. It is a round ball made of glutinous rice flour with a filling of sugar and kernels. When boiled it is very savory and tasty. The Chinese people hope that everything is satisfactory .To eat them on the first full moon night of a year is to wish that f

22、amily members will remain united and happy.農(nóng)歷正月十五是中國(guó)民間傳統(tǒng)的元宵節(jié)，中國(guó)人有賞燈和吃元宵的習(xí)俗，俗話說(shuō)“正月 十五鬧花燈” O元宵節(jié)賞燈的習(xí)俗是從漢朝開(kāi)始的，到現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)有兩千多年的歷史了。元宵節(jié)這一天，到處張燈結(jié)彩熱鬧非常，人們成群結(jié)隊(duì)地去觀賞花燈，花燈上還寫(xiě)有謎語(yǔ)，引得 觀燈人爭(zhēng)先恐后地去競(jìng)猜。元宵節(jié) 這天還要吃元宵。元宵是一種用糯米粉做成的小圓球，里面包著糖和各種果仁做成的餡。煮熟后，吃起 來(lái)香甜可口，中國(guó)人希望諸事圓滿，在一年開(kāi)始的第一個(gè)月圓之夜吃元宵，就是希望家人團(tuán)圓圓圓滿滿。The Pure Brightness DayThe P

23、ure Brightness Day in the third lunar month one of the 24 Seasonal Division Points is also an ancient traditional festival in China, People have the custom of sweeping graves, take an outing and wear a willow twig. Every family goes to the countryside for a memorial ceremony at their ancestors tombs

24、. People remove weeds around the tomb, add new earth burn incense and offerfood and paper coins to show remembranee and respect for ancestors. This is calledvisitin At this time ,the grass is bguwrgileloownsinalong rivers have put forth newegg “ nr “ z/gede A nmvp buds, it is fresh green everywhere

25、and a good time for an outing. In ancient times people used to have a walk in the outside, and wear a willow twig in their hair, to pray for safety and happiness. It was supposed to be able to drive away ghosts and disasters.清明節(jié)農(nóng)歷三月的清明，是中國(guó)的二十四節(jié)氣之一，也是中國(guó)一個(gè)古老的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)R。清明節(jié)人們有掃墓祭祖和踏青插柳的 習(xí)俗。侮到清明節(jié)這一天，家家戶戶都要到郊外

26、去祭掃祖先的墳?zāi)?。人們?yōu)閴災(zāi)钩ルs草、添加新土，在墳前點(diǎn)上香、擺上食 物和紙錢(qián)，表示對(duì)祖先的思念和敬 意，這叫上墳也叫掃墓。這個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)，小草發(fā)芽，柳樹(shù)長(zhǎng)葉，到處一片新綠，正好是出游的好 時(shí)節(jié)。古人有到郊外散步的習(xí)俗，這叫“踏青” O在頭發(fā)上插上柳枝，這叫插柳。據(jù)說(shuō)插柳可以驅(qū)除鬼怪和災(zāi)難，所以人們 紛紛插戴柳枝。The 15th day of the eighth lunar is ChinaThe Mid-Autumn Festivals tra-Adiutitounmani MFeidstival. They have the customof admiring the moon and ea

27、ting moon cakes. Since people can consider the full moon as the symbol of reunion and satisfaction, the festival is also called the Festival for Reunion. According to traditional custom, the Chinese people enjoy fruits and moon cakes, while admiring the moon.As the moon cake is round, symbolizi ng r

28、eunion. It is sometimes called “ reunion cake . The Chinese moon cake has many varieties. There are sweet,salty, meat and vegetable fillings. It is carved with various decorative p alter ns and words. Good looking and delicious. On the night, the whole family will sit together to admire the moon and

29、 eat moon cakes filled with hap pin ess for harvest and family reunion. At that time, people far away will look up at the moon and miss their hometown and family.中秋節(jié) 農(nóng)歷八月十五是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)R中秋節(jié)。中國(guó)人有賞月和吃月餅的習(xí)俗。人們把圓月看作團(tuán)圓美滿的象征，所以中秋節(jié)又叫“團(tuán)圓節(jié)” O按照傳統(tǒng)的習(xí)慣，中國(guó)人在賞月時(shí)，還要擺岀瓜 果和月餅等食品，一邊賞月一邊品嘗，因?yàn)樵嘛炇菆A的，象 征著“團(tuán)圓”所以有的地方也叫“團(tuán)圓節(jié)” O中國(guó)月

30、餅的品種很多，月餅餡有甜的、咸的.葷的.素的。月餅上而還印著各種花 紋和字樣，又好看又好吃。中秋節(jié)的晚上，全家人坐在一起賞月吃月餅，心里充滿了豐收的喜悅和團(tuán)聚的歡樂(lè)。這時(shí) 遠(yuǎn)在家鄉(xiāng)的人也會(huì)仰望明月，思念故鄉(xiāng)和親人。Chin ese TeaChinese people like to drink tea, they often entertain friends and guests with it. Tealeaf is a necessity in the life ofChinese people. Concerning the production method Chinese tea

31、can be classified into green tea, black tea, oolong tea seented tea and so on. Green tea is not fermented and is brilliant green. The most famous is the Longjing tea from the region the West Lake in Hangzhou. Black tea is fermented. Famous ones are the keemun tea of Anhui and the Dianblack tea of Yu

32、nnan. Oolong tea is half fermented. The best one is Wuyiyan tea of Fujian. Seented tea is made byonesmoking tea leaves with fragrant flowers. The most famous is jasmine tea preduced in Fujian. Drinking tea can quenchs thirst dispel fatigue. The constant drinking tea is beneficialfor people s health.

33、中國(guó)茶 中國(guó)人喜歡喝茶，也常常用茶來(lái)招待朋友和客人。茶葉是中國(guó)人生活中的必需品，中國(guó)茶葉按制作方法分為綠茶、紅茶、烏 龍茶和花茶等幾大類。綠茶嫩綠鮮艷，是不經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)酵的茶，最著名的綠茶是杭州西湖的龍井；紅茶是經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)酵的茶，著名的 紅茶有安微的祁紅茶和云南的滇紅茶；烏龍茶是半發(fā)發(fā)酵的茶，最好的烏龍茶是福建的武夷巖茶；花茶是在茶葉中加入 香 花熏制而成，最有名的花茶是福建產(chǎn)的茉莉花茶。喝茶不但可以止渴，還能消除疲茵，幫助消化，預(yù)防一些疾病，長(zhǎng)期飲茶對(duì) 人的身體健康有好處。Traditional Chinese PaintingIt is the art of pain ting on a p iec

34、e of Xua n paper or silk with a Chinese brush soaked with black ink or colored p igments.landsca pe pain tingBy subject, it can be classified into figure pain tingand flowers and birds painting. Figure painting came into maturity in the warring States and reached its peak during theTang Dynasty. Fam

35、ous artists in elude GuKaizhi and Wudaozi ,La ndsca pe pain ting deli neates the outside scenery. It appeared in the Qin Dynasty and reached high level by the Song Dynasty. Famous artists are Li sixun,Fan kuan,andTang yin. Flowers and birds painting focuses on flowers birds animals fishes and in sec

36、ts. It app eared in the Norther n and Southern dynasties and matured during the Song Dynasty. Celebrated artists include Zhu da in flowers and birds,Zheng xie in bamboo and Qi baishi in fish and shrimp. It can not only make life beautiful but brings decorous sentiment and artistic enjoyment中國(guó)畫(huà) 它是用毛筆

37、、墨及顏料在宣紙或絹上畫(huà)出的畫(huà)。中國(guó)畫(huà)按內(nèi)容分主要有人物畫(huà)、山水畫(huà).花 鳥(niǎo)畫(huà)三大類。戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期中國(guó)己經(jīng)有 了比較成熟的人物畫(huà)，唐朝時(shí)己經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰，著名的人物畫(huà)家有顧愷之，吳道子等。山水畫(huà)表現(xiàn)山川美景的畫(huà)種，它產(chǎn)生 于秦朝，宋代達(dá)到了很高的水平，著名的山水畫(huà)家有李思訓(xùn).范寬.唐寅等?；B(niǎo)畫(huà)畫(huà)的是自然界中的花卉，鳥(niǎo)獸和 魚(yú)蟲(chóng)。南朝時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了花鳥(niǎo)畫(huà)，宋代走向成熟，著名的花鳥(niǎo)畫(huà)家有擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)花鳥(niǎo)的朱命，擅長(zhǎng) 畫(huà)竹子的鄭燮，擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)魚(yú)蝦的齊口石 等。中國(guó)畫(huà)不僅能美化生活，還能帶來(lái)高雅情趣和藝術(shù)享受。Drag onDrag on is regarded as the biggest an imal of the

38、 Chin ese totem, and it is the most imp ortant mascot. People are familiar with the image of drag on, but n obody has ever see n a real oneJt was born from the imagi nation of the people. It has a bull s head, a deers horn, a lobster s eyes, an eagles claws, a snakes body, a lion s tail, and is cove

39、red with scutum. It is combi nation of differe nt kinds of an imals. Drag on can walk on land, swim un der water, and fly in the sky. It has in credible po wers. Over thousa nds of year, emp erors treated it as the symbol of po wer and dign ity. It had virtue and po wer for the comm on people. During the festivals, people will p ost the p icture of the drag on, and play the drag on light and drag on boat. Drago n is the symbol of the whole Chinese nati on, The Chin ese all over the world call themselves the Drag on s descenda nts龍被人們認(rèn)為是中國(guó)最大的神物，也是