新概念英語第三冊第20課（課堂PPT）

1、 L20 Pioneer pilots 飛行員的先驅(qū)飛行員的先驅(qū)Summery writing of L19 Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter three days after her cats disappearance. The writer of the letter demanded 1,000 for the return of the cat, and warned she would never see him again if she went to the police. She had to put the money in

2、cardboard box and leave it outside her door. After drawing 1,000 from her bank, she acted on the kidnappers instructions. The money disappeared the following morning, and her cat, Rastus, returned at seven oclock that evening.New words and expression 生詞和短語生詞和短語 pioneer n.先驅(qū) vi.vt.開拓, 為開路, 作先驅(qū)者 young

3、 pioneer 少先隊員 the pioneer of the Womens Liberation Movement 婦女解放運動的先驅(qū) a pioneer of operation 手術(shù)的開創(chuàng)者 -eer: volunteer 志愿者; engineer工程師; mountaineer登山者; auctioneer 拍賣人；競爭者 profiteer暴利獲得者，奸商; lord n.對（英國）貴族的尊稱；勛爵對（英國）貴族的尊稱；勛爵lordship n.貴族權(quán)力, 貴族身份lordly adj.adv.高傲的, 貴族般地, 有氣派地 my lord 閣下（對某些貴族、法官及主教的尊稱）t

4、he Lord 上帝 the House of Lords 上議院；the House of Commons下議院 live like a lord過著貴族般的生活; lord of creation萬物之靈；人類; treat sb. like a lord 闊綽地款待某人 Duke n.公爵(Duchess) Marquis n.(英國等的)侯爵(Marchioness)Count 伯爵（Countess)(Earl n.伯爵) Viscount n.(英國的)子爵Baron n.男爵(英國世襲的最低級的貴族爵位) , 大財主（女性為： Baroness） Calais n.加來（法國港市

5、） overland adj.陸上的;橫跨陸地的； an overland route 陸上路線to travel overland （作）陸上旅行 overnight n.頭天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上an overnight trip一整夜的旅行 an overnight guest 過夜的客人 overpopulated adj.人口過密的, 人口過剩的 overseas adv.海外 adj.外國的, 海外的 oversea student 海外留學(xué)生 oversea Chinese 華僑 over+動詞（over表示超過）over

6、eat vt.使吃過量 vi.吃得過多oversleep vt.(使)睡過頭 vi.睡過頭, 睡得太久overwork n.過度工作 v.(使)工作過度overcharge v.討價過高, 使過量裝填, 過度充電 n.超載, 過重的負(fù)擔(dān), 過度充電overestimate vt.評價過高 n.估計的過高 pilot n.飛行員, 領(lǐng)航員, 引水員 engine n.發(fā)動機, 機車, 火車頭 Calais 加來（法國北部港市） latest adj.最后的, 最遲的, 最新的, 最近的 n.最新消息, 最新式樣 last vi.持續(xù), 支持, 維持 Dover n.多佛（英國東南部的港口）Tex

7、t 課文課文 What was the name of the first plane to fly across the English Channel?Explanation In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. (1) offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. offer a prize of for sth 因為提供獎勵Eg. The police offered a reward

8、for any information.offer ones hand to sb. (=shake hands with sb.)offer identity card 出示身份證offer a price ($ 300 )for sth. (the horse) 出價 award a prize 提供獎勵 The school awarded Merry a prize for her good work . 學(xué)校因為她工作好而獎勵了梅麗. Explanation In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of 1,000 to the first

9、man who would fly across the English Channel.(2) fly across 飛越 sail across 橫渡 swim across 游過come across 通過 遇上 碰到 eg. I came across a group of children playing. 我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。 Wed like to identify(認(rèn)同） and celebrate womens success whenever we come across it. 每當(dāng)女性取得成功，我們都會表示認(rèn)同并予以頌揚。 When sober( adj. 頭腦清

10、醒的，沒喝醉的)he can come across(給人印象) as an extremely pleasant and charming young man. 沒喝醉的時候，他看上去似乎是個極為彬彬有禮、討人喜歡的小伙子。 Explanation Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.(1) “before”作為連詞的用法：其基本含義是“在之前”，也可以根據(jù)語境的不同靈活翻譯成“才”、“還沒來得及就”、“就”等等含義。 1）與情態(tài)動詞can / could 連用，這時從句雖為肯定形式，根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣譯成“還沒來得及就”，強調(diào)

11、從句動作發(fā)生之前主句的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。 Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. Before she cold move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2)用于肯定句中強調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時間、距離長，或花費的精力多，譯成“才”；We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.We waited a long time before the train arrived.3)用于否定句中，強調(diào)

12、主句所表達(dá)的時間、距離短，或花費的精力少，譯成“不到就”；We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.4) 主句含有hardly、scarcely等半否定詞時，可以譯成“剛就”，這時主句過去完成時，從句過去時，且可以用when 替代before; We had hardly / scarcely reached the school before / when the bell rang. 5) 有時before還有“寧愿”的意思；Id shoot myself before I apologized to him.6) 用于 It be / take s

13、ome time before + 句子，這時要根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)分兩種情況：(1)若主句為一般將來時，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時。主句是肯定句譯成“要過很多時間才”；主句是否定句譯成“用不了多久就”。It will be many years before the situation improves; It wont be long before we meet again.(2) 若主句是一般過去時，從句也是一般過去時。主句是肯定句譯成“很長時間之后才”；主句是否定句譯成“沒過多久就”。It was some time before I realized the truth.It wasnt long

14、 before she became a brave soldier.After that it still took seven years before they got married.注：主句的謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時，before與until可以互換。It was an hour before / until the police arrived.7）和其他相似句型的區(qū)別：(1)it + be + 時間段 + since 從句It is two years since we arrived here.(2) it + be + 時間段 + when 從句：表示“某個動作發(fā)生時，是某個時

15、間”（主句謂語動詞可以是一般過去時，也可以是一般將來時）It was Dec. 18th when I was born.8) before long 和 long before的區(qū)別：before long: “不久，很快” （before為prep, long為n.) 在句中常作狀語，多與動詞的過去時或?qū)頃r連用。The work will be finished before long.long before: “ 很久以前”（long 為 adv. )可以單獨使用，這時before 為prep.;也可以接從句，這時為conj.,常與過去時或過去完成時連用，后接從句時也可用于一般現(xiàn)在時。

16、She said that she had heard of it long before.It will be long before he arrives. “還要很久他才能到?！盓xercises:1. it was evening we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. sinceD. when2. Several weeks had gone by we realized the painting was missing.A. as B. beforeC. sinceD. when 3. The Am

17、erica Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end. A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. then4. It was some time we realized the truth.A. whenB. until C. sinceD. before5. Why dont you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the classroom I could say a word.A. beforeB. until C. whenD. after6. How

18、long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to the moon.Perhaps two or three years.A. whenB. until C. that D. beforeDBBDAD(2) attempt 的用法：的用法：attempt vt. 企圖，試圖；努力，嘗試； attempt sth. I did attempt the last question in the exam. He has attempted a difficult task. attempt to do sth. He at

19、tempted to lie. He attempted to leave but was stopped. attempt doing sth. (不如 to do常見） He attempted swimming across the river. attempted adj. （犯罪）未遂的attempted murder / rape(強奸） / robbery attempt. n. 企圖；嘗試make an / no attempt to do He make no attempt to carry it out. I failed in my attempt to finish

20、it in time.attempt at sth. He make an attempt at winning the first prize. My first attempt at English composition was poor.attempt on / upon sbs life 企圖刺殺He made an attempt on the life of the President.Explanation On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast

21、 in his plane the Antoinette IV. at dawn ; at daybreak ; at midnight; at the crack of dawn take off Eg. Ladies and gentlemen, our plane is to take off soon.take years off sb. 看上去年輕 Her slimming course(減肥課)seems to take years off her .put years on sb. 看上去年老 Her broken marriage put years on her.Explan

22、ation(3)off 離開動身 draw off 撤離 （withdraw） lift off (火箭 、飛船等)起飛，發(fā)射， 升空 set off 出發(fā) Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse. 動身去他的偏遠(yuǎn)的農(nóng)舍。 kick off (在足球比賽中)開球 Liverpool kicked off an hour ago. fly off 飛出，飛跑，突然跑掉 The arrow flew off and hit the bulls eye. 箭離弦飛去, 射中了那靶心。Explanation(4)take off (產(chǎn)品 活動 事業(yè))騰飛 In

23、 1944, he met Edith Piaf, and his career took off. 1944年，他結(jié)識了伊迪思比阿夫，從此他的事業(yè)開始騰飛。(5)coast 海岸 Pacific coast 太平洋海岸 seashore, seaside 海濱 beach 海灘 沙灘 marine nature reserve 海洋自然保護(hù)區(qū) Explanation He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea.(

24、1)when: 這里可以換成before,譯成“就”，且這里有“突然、忽然”之意。Eg. We were sitting in the garden when it began to rain.I had been working a couple of years there when I had a letter from him.I was about to leave the room when the telephone rang. Explanation(2) fail: 失敗, 壞了,失靈 (broken , stop working)Eg. Words failed me wh

25、en I met my long lost sister. fail to see 不明白不明白Eg. I fail to see why you find it so amusing.But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history. 但是這些人忽視了國際旅游可能會給當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史造成災(zāi)難性的影響。(3) be forced to do 被迫做某事 make a forc

26、ed landing (航空)緊急降落force a smile 勉強一笑force sbs hand 不得不，被迫 eg. We didnt want to raise our prices, but the fall in the dollar forced our hand.我們不想抬高物價，但是美元下跌，我們不得不出此下策。Explanation The Antoinette floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.(1) float 漂浮float on air 興高采烈 float on cloud 興高采

27、烈float across the sky 飄過天空float down the river 順流直下float around town 滿城流傳Eg. These plants float on the surface of the water.Birds fly very easily. They beat the air with their wings and climb up through the air. Then they spread their wings and float on the air.The program will be on the air tonight

28、. fluctuate v. 價格波動fluctuate wildly 大幅波動 drift : (to move slowly on water or in the air )漂流，漂移The raft was drifting down the river.drifter 漂泊者 流浪漢Explanation(2)pick up 文中解釋為營救 rescuepick up “收拾，收撿”Eg. If you fail now, who will pick up the pieces? 你現(xiàn)在要是失敗了，誰來收拾殘局？“(跌倒或被擊倒后）使（自己）慢慢站起（或爬起）”Eg. Pick you

29、rself up where you fall down.Anthony picked himself up and set off along the track. 安東尼自己慢慢爬起來，又開始沿著跑道跑下去。pick up after sb.: (to tidy things that someone else has left untidy) 跟在某人后面收拾Eg. Who wants to get married and spend their life time picking up after some man? Explanation“(通常指開車)接載，取走”Eg. We dr

30、ove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan. 我們第二天早晨開車去機場接蘇姍。 “逮捕；拘捕 ”Eg. If someone is picked up by the police, they are arrested and taken to a police station.“（不費力地） 獲得，學(xué)會”Eg. The English settlers had become adept at(熟練于，擅長于） planting tobacco after picking up the trade from their Powhata

31、n allies（盟友）. 來自英國的殖民者從他們的波瓦坦伙伴那里學(xué)到了種植煙草的手藝，并且已經(jīng)擅長這一行了。 Explanation得病，染上疾病 Theyve picked up a really nasty（嚴(yán)重的） infection（傳染?。?from something theyve eaten. 他們因吃錯東西而得了很嚴(yán)重的感染癥。 接收到信號或聲音 We can pick up Italian television. 我們能收看到意大利電視臺的節(jié)目。重提，接過觀點或話題 Can I just pick up that gentlemans point? 我能接著那位先生的意思往

32、下說嗎？ Explanation貿(mào)易或經(jīng)濟改善或好轉(zhuǎn) Industrial production is beginning to pick up. 工業(yè)生產(chǎn)開始好轉(zhuǎn)。健康的好轉(zhuǎn) A good dose（劑量，一劑） of tonic（補藥） will help you to pick up. 一劑好的補品將有助于身體康復(fù)。指出錯誤 Dont pick me up on words. 不要挑我的措詞。Explanation Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called No.11.with 要翻譯成駕駛

33、，而不能說“帶著”With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（L6）Eg. Now he could walk only with someone supporting him.他現(xiàn)在只能靠別人攙扶著才能走了。She ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她跑得滿頭大汗。She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.Dont speak with your mouth open.He was thinking for a while with his eye shut.Explanation Bleriot had b

34、een making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered 26 miles. cover: 覆蓋；涉及；包含；掩護(hù)；行走了；看完cover a lot of ground 到了很多地方到了很多地方, 涉及了很多內(nèi)容涉及了很多內(nèi)容Eg. The expedition covered a lot of ground. 探險隊到過很多地方. Weve covered a

35、lot of ground at this mornings meeting. 在今天上午的會議中我們討論了很多問題. “覆蓋覆蓋（面積面積）”Eg. China covers 9.6 million square kilometers.China covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.(to report the details of sth. for a newspaper, radio or television. ) 報道新聞 eg. cover the Winter Olympics(to pay money for) cov

36、er the bill 買單Eg. Here is $5, that should cover all the expenses.How many pages have you covered ?Explanation Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new Antoinette.give up 放棄Eg. He was willing to give up a long, normal life for a short, exciting l

37、ife as a pilot. give away Dont give away the secret. 這項機密不可泄露。 We have six copies of the book to give away. 這本書我們要贈送6本出去。give out There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets. 有人在入口處散發(fā)傳單。 Explanation Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a

38、 new Antoinette.He wouldnt give out any information. 公開 他不愿透露任何消息。 All machines give out eventually. 最終，所有的機器都停止了運轉(zhuǎn)。 He gave out a scream of pain. 他疼得大叫了一聲。 give off 發(fā)出 The flowers give off a heady scent at night. 這些花晚上散發(fā)出醉人的芳香。 heady 酒等易使人醉的 scent 香味give in 屈服，投降Explanation It looked as if there wo

39、uld be an exciting race across the Channel.看來會有一場激烈的飛越英吉利海峽的競爭。as if = as though “好像，似乎好像，似乎”，進(jìn)行非事實的比喻或夸張，進(jìn)行非事實的比喻或夸張時，引導(dǎo)的從句常時，引導(dǎo)的從句常運用虛擬語氣。運用虛擬語氣。Eg.He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep a wink(眨眼睛）（合眼）Those flowers looked as if they were asleep in the hot sun.He talks as if he were a

40、 hero.但是當(dāng)?shù)钱?dāng)as if / though 引導(dǎo)的從句表示一種實現(xiàn)可能性較大，引導(dǎo)的從句表示一種實現(xiàn)可能性較大，或說話人認(rèn)為接近事實時，可采用陳述語氣?；蛘f話人認(rèn)為接近事實時，可采用陳述語氣。Eg. It looks as if the little twins are going to have another fight with each other. 原句可改寫為：原句可改寫為： It seemed / appeared to be an exciting race It promised to be an exciting race句型：句型：It appears to b

41、e / it appears that 看看起來似乎、好像起來似乎、好像Eg. It appears to be only a matter of time before they were caught. It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions about it. It appears that Tom might change his mind. promise v. 有有的可能，有發(fā)生的可能，有發(fā)生的跡象（習(xí)慣的跡象（習(xí)慣表達(dá)一個好的征兆；兇兆常用表達(dá)一個好的征兆；兇兆常用threaten) Eg. It promises t

42、o be a fine day.(=The clear sky promises fine weather.) Autumn crops promised to be equally good. The dark clouds threaten a storm. It threatens to snow immediately. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. There is a sign of sth. that 有跡象表明有跡象表明 Eg. Ther

43、e is no sign the recession has bottomed out yet. 沒有跡象表明蕭條已經(jīng)到了極點。 There is some evidence of sth. that 有證據(jù)有證據(jù)、跡象表明、跡象表明 Eg. There is some evidence of life on other planets. There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you. Explanation Both planes were going to take off on July 25t

44、h, but Latham failed to get up early enough.get out出門 Get out and enjoy yourself, make new friends. 出去走走，好好玩玩，交些新朋友。逃離，被迫離開逃離，被迫離開 They probably wanted to get out of the country. 他們或許想逃離這個國家。 I told him to leave and get out. 我叫他滾開。Explanation退出組織，撤銷承諾退出組織，撤銷承諾 I wanted to get out of the group, but t

45、hey wouldnt let me. 我想退出這個團體，但是他們不同意。 Getting out of the contract would be no problem. 撤銷這個合同不會有任何問題。消息泄露為人所知消息泄露為人所知 If word got out now, a scandal could be disastrous. 如果消息現(xiàn)在傳出去，可能會是災(zāi)難性的丑聞。Explanationget off 下車下車; 免受懲罰免受懲罰;出發(fā)離開出發(fā)離開 He is likely to get off with a small fine. 他可能會逃脫嚴(yán)懲，僅僅罰一點錢了事。 At e

46、ight I said Im getting off now. 8點鐘的時候，我說“我現(xiàn)在要出發(fā)了。” The aircraft hadnt enough power to get off the ground. 那架飛機的動力不夠，無法起飛。離離.遠(yuǎn)點，別碰遠(yuǎn)點，別碰 I told you. Get off the farm. 我告訴過你，離農(nóng)場遠(yuǎn)點。 Get off me! I screamed. “別碰我！”我尖叫道。 入睡入睡 He couldnt get off to sleep. 他不能入睡。Explanationget over 恢復(fù)過來恢復(fù)過來 It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her