2019-2020年外研版高中英語必修一講義：Module+3.Section+ⅡGrammar—

1、2019-2020年外研版高中英語必修一講義：Module+3.Section+ n Grammar過去分詞作定語和一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語及答案6 / 6Section II Grammar過去分詞作定語和一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間 狀語語法精口一、過去分詞作定語過去分詞有兩個(gè)顯著的特點(diǎn)，即：從時(shí)間上講，表示動(dòng)作 已經(jīng)完成；從語態(tài)上講，表示被動(dòng)的概念，但是，如果是不及物 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式，則只表示時(shí)間上的過去，而沒有被動(dòng)意義。1 .過去分詞作定語的位置(1)單個(gè)過去分詞及由過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞作定語時(shí)， 通常置于被修飾詞之前，但修飾代詞時(shí)，需要置于被修飾詞之后。 如：a retired worker

2、位退休的工人the given question 給定的問題qualified teachers 合格的教師everybody invited所有被邀請的人注意：leave的過去分詞left表示“剩余的，剩下”的意思 時(shí)，置于被修飾詞之后。如：I have only one coin left.我只剩下一個(gè)硬幣了。(2)過去分詞短語作定語要后置，放在被修飾詞之后。如：the languages spoken in German城德國使用的語言the book written in simple English用淺顯的英語寫成的書2 .過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，但它比定語從 句更簡短。

3、過去分詞短語作后置定語時(shí)，如果和中心詞之間有逗號(hào)， 則其可以轉(zhuǎn)換成非限制性定語從句；若無逗號(hào)，則其可以轉(zhuǎn)換成限制性定語從句。I want to take away the book shown to me yesterday.=I want to take away the book which was shown to me yesterday.我想帶走(你)昨天給我看的那本書。The Olympic Gamesfirst held in 776 BCdidnot include women competitors until 1912.= The Olympic Games which w

4、ere first held in 776 BC did not include women competitors until 1912.于公元前776年首次舉辦的奧運(yùn)會(huì)直到1912年才允許女運(yùn)動(dòng)員參賽。3 .表示情感的動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有些表示情感或心理狀態(tài)的過去分詞已經(jīng)完全形容詞化，常見的這類過去分詞有：disappointed（失望的），moved（感動(dòng)的），interested（感興趣的），surprised（感到驚訝的），shocked（震驚的， 震撼的），puzzled（歪惑不解的）,frightened（受驚嚇的 畚。如：a frightened girl 一個(gè)受驚嚇的女孩。4 .

5、不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一些不及物動(dòng)詞也有過去分詞形式，由于不及物動(dòng)詞不可以 直接跟賓語，所以不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作的 完成，而沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的意義。如：newly- arrived passengers 剛到 的旅客fallen leaves 落葉5 .過去分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞作定 語The newly-built hotel was burnt in the fire.新建的賓館在火災(zāi)中被燒掉?？记榉治? .過去分詞作定語在高考題中頻頻出現(xiàn)，主要從過去分詞 與現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式作定語的區(qū)別的角度來設(shè)題。2 . 一般過去時(shí)是英語中最基本的時(shí)態(tài)之一，常用于描述過 去

6、發(fā)生過的事。試題常見于語法填空、短文改錯(cuò)、完成句子及書 面表達(dá)中。即時(shí)訓(xùn)I練I .單句填空1. Most people invited （invite） to the ball were famous stars.2. This famous novel written （write） by Mr. Smith is worth reading.3. The question discussed (discuss) yesterday was about pollution.4. He didn't_go (not go) to bed until 12 o'clock.5.

7、He caught (catch) a bad cold last week.6. It was raining lightly when I arrived (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care.7. While making great efforts to run awayshe jell (fall)over the hill and died.8. When I was a child I hoped to live in the city. I thought (think) I would be

8、happy there.9. As I told (tell) you last timeI made three new friendshere.10. It has been ten years since I graduated (graduate) from the university.11. This was (be) the first time that I had been here.12. Yang Zhenning lived (live) in America for many years and now he lives in China.13. Hardly had

9、 the match started when we arrived (arrive).口.完成句子1. The book written_by a farmer (一個(gè)農(nóng)民寫的)is very popular.2. The problem discussed_at_the_meeting_yesterday(在昨天 的會(huì)議上討論的)was very difficult to solve.3. The window broken_by_that_naughty_boy ( 被那個(gè)頑皮的 男孩兒打破的 )is being repaired.4. The children examined_in_

10、the_hospital_yesterday (昨天在 醫(yī)院檢查的)were seriously ill.5. The people exposed_to the sunlight (f!露在陽光下的 )got sunburnt.6. The boy punished_seriously_by_the_teacher (受到老師嚴(yán)重 懲罰的)is now a college student.7. The water sent_to_his_home 送至U他家的 )carried disease.8. The English today is quite different from the

11、English spoken_300_years_ago (30許前所說的).9. Most of the artists invited_to_the_party (被邀請去參加聚會(huì) 的)were from South Africa.10. The students inspired_by_the_teacher (受到老師鼓舞的) worked harder than ever before.二、用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語1. 一般過去時(shí)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的 動(dòng)作。這 時(shí)常與 alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever等時(shí)間狀語連用。When I w

12、as a child I often played football in the street.當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子時(shí)，我經(jīng)常在街上踢足球。I always got up late and never had enough time for breakfast.我總是起床很晚，從來沒有足夠的時(shí)間吃早飯。2.一般過去時(shí)表示在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語有 yesterdaylast weekan hour agothe other day in 1982 等。Where did you go just now?你剛才去哪里了？3. 一般過去時(shí)也可與today this week

13、 in theold days during.when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，recently until.since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等時(shí)間狀語連用。They recently moved to a new house.不久前他們搬進(jìn)了新居。During his middle school years he often went for the competition.他在中學(xué)時(shí)代經(jīng)常參加競賽。I saw him today.我今天見過他。也-砌1郴.物淞:黝R卷-用磁.般如科淞中砸.儡!'I .用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Prices of daily goods bought (buy

14、) online are lower than store prices.2. The glass of water is too hot. I prefer some cold boiled (boil) water.3. From your disappointed (disappoint) voice I have to say that is a piece of disappointing (disappoint) news.4. A letter posted (post) yesterday will probably reach her tomorrow.5. The lost

15、 (lose) boy was last seen playing near the East Lake.6. Suddenly there appeared a young girl dressed (dress) in white.7. He caught (catch) a bad cold last week.8. We held (hold) a basketball match the day before yesterday.9. I woke (wake) up and found (find) it was eight o'clock.10. She _got (ge

16、t) up early when she was young.口 .語法填空11. 面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I thought that I had great skills in 1.(deal) with kids so I applied for a job to teach kids. The day of my interview was also my first day of work.My first mistake led to my first lesson.Don't try to make 2. (friend) wit

17、h managersbut berespectful. After going through some work with 3. couple of kids I learned I was not as good as I thought I was and it was 4.(good) to ask for help than do what you thought was right.A few days after work feeling pressured to do a good job I found repetition 5.(make) it more comforta

18、ble. It wasn't long 6.I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bossesand what tone of voice to use with kids. I started sounding more confident 7. (realize) that the more confident you sound the more 8.seems that you know what you are doing.What surprised me most after a few mon

19、ths was how little money I had spent. Money from working long hours seemed to be more valuable to me than money 9.(give) by my parents. I kept it firmly in my hands and suddenly shopping was a 10. (total) different experience. The cost of items translated into how many hours I needed to work to pay for it.【語篇解讀】利用你的假期閑暇時(shí)間，找一份臨時(shí)工作，不僅