2013年成考高考英語高分必備語法大全Word版

1、2013年成考高考英語高分必備語法大全強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式。通過各種方式對句子中的某個(gè)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，從而起到修辭的作用。 英語常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是"It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語、賓語或狀語)+who (that)."。一般說來,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),用who;指事物時(shí)用that,但that也可以指人。在美國英語中指事物時(shí)常用which來代替that。強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型我們這里主要講陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that/ who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人）+ 其它部分。e.g. It

2、was yesterday that he met Li Ping.他是昨天碰見的李平。特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)也如此，that, who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was ，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is 。2. not until 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till

3、 his wife came back.強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.3. 謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)1）It is/ was that 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí)，用助動詞do/ does或did。e.g. Do sit down. 務(wù)必請坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬）要小心??！2）注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/ does和did ，沒有別的形式；過去

4、時(shí)用did ，后面的謂語動詞用原形。 非謂語動詞主要形式有不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞雖然不充當(dāng)謂語，可以分別充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。1掌握好非謂語動詞形式時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的正確使用。如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主要謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或同時(shí)，用一般式，如果非謂語動詞表示的動作在主要謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，則用完成式。非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是動作的發(fā)出者還是接受者決定了應(yīng)當(dāng)用主動式還是被動式。例：The famous novel is said _ into Chinese.A. to have translated B. to be translateC. to have b

5、een translated D. to translate答案為C。2英語中有些動詞后跟不定式作賓語，有些動詞后面則接動名詞作賓語，還有一些動詞的后邊既可以接不定式，也可以接動名詞，有時(shí)意義不變，但有時(shí)卻在意義上大不相同，所以必須牢記有關(guān)非謂語形式的基本知識。1）We shall appreciate _ from you soon.A. being heard B. hearingC. to hear D. having been heard答案是B。appreciate 這個(gè)詞后面只能接動名詞，且應(yīng)該是其一般式。2）The man in the corner confessed to _

6、 a lie to the manager of the company.A. have told B. be toldC. being told D. having told短語動詞confess to中的to是介詞，不是動詞不定式符號，因此選項(xiàng)A和B可以排除。選項(xiàng)C是動名詞的被動式，而動名詞后邊已經(jīng)有了賓語a lie ,因此動名詞不能是被動式，因此正確答案是D。用完成形式的動名詞表示這個(gè)動作在主要動詞之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生。3）We all feel sorry for _ for so long after your arrival.A. keep you waiting B. having ke

7、pt you waitingC. waiting for you D. keep you wait答案為B。3非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)充語時(shí)，要弄清哪些動詞后面可以跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)，哪些動詞后面可以跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)。1）we are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer.A. to rearrange B. rearrangeC. rearranged D. rearranging答案為C。2）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _ so well.A. to be decora

8、ted B. to decorateC. be decorated D. decoratingdecorate是及物動詞，因此可以排除B和D，C項(xiàng)缺了不定式的符號to，因此正確答案為A。3）There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _.A. hearing B. being heardC. to hear D. heardhear 在本句中是及物動詞，據(jù)此可以排除A和C，B項(xiàng)選擇形式不對，因此D是正確答案。4）The manager has his employees _ a business report ev

9、ery week.A. to write B. writtenC. writing D. write答案為D。have和get后面接賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要用過去分詞或無to不定式。4非謂語動詞作狀語時(shí)，尤其是分詞作狀語時(shí)，要注意分詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。例：Arriving at the bus stop, _ waiting there.A. he found a lot of people B. a lot of people wereC. he found a lot of peoples D. people were found根據(jù)上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C項(xiàng)中的peoples結(jié)構(gòu)

10、不對，正確答案只能是A。練習(xí)：1. He was lucky to escape _ to prison.A. sending B. being sent C. to be sent D. sent2. It is no good _ to come now. He is busy.A. if you ask him B. to ask him C. asking him D. that you ask him3. The bedroom needs _.A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning4. His parents _ last week,

11、 the child has no one to look after him.A. having died B. died C. dead D. having dead5. _ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least masters degree.A. Become B. To become C. One becomes D. Becoming6. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _

12、trouble.A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made7. I have heard both teachers and students _ well of him.A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak8. Mrs. Brown is supposed _ for Italy last week.A. to have been left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have left9. You will see this pr

13、oduct _ wherever you go.A. to be advertised B. advertise C. advertised D. advertising10. When _the education systems of China and Britain, the professor gave no comment.A. being asked to compare B. asked him to compareC. asking him to compare D. asked to compare答案：BADAB BDDCA 1虛擬條件句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用：虛擬條件句從時(shí)間

14、上又分為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，與過去事實(shí)相反，與將來事實(shí)可能相反三種情況。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的，if從句用過去式，主句用would（或could, should, might）加原形動詞。與過去事實(shí)相反的，if從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用would（或could, should, might）+have done結(jié)構(gòu)。與將來事實(shí)可能相反的，if 從句用should (或were to)加動詞原形，主句用would加動詞原形。1）Had the weather been good, the children _ out for a walk.A. had gone B. could have goneC.

15、 would go D. went答案為B。與過去的事實(shí)相反。當(dāng)if從句中含有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞時(shí)，if可以省略，主謂倒裝。2）If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased.A. had been used B. had been usingC. being used D. using根據(jù)前面的講解，正確答案為A。2某些動詞后的賓語從句以及某些名詞后的表語或同位語從句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用，這些動詞或名詞包括：suggest(suggestion),propose(prop

16、osal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等表示建議、命令或要求的詞。在這些從句中，謂語形式為should加動詞原形，should可以省略。例：The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important task.A. would leave B. leaveC. left D. have left答案為B。3在It is desired(或d

17、esirable), It is important等結(jié)構(gòu)后面的主語從句中，動詞用原形或should+原形動詞。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed等。例：Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a wee

18、k,A. comes B. will comeC. come D. may come答案為C。4在It is (high) time后邊的that從句中，動詞用過去式，表示該做某事了。例：Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give up B. gave upC. would give up D. should give up5在would rather, as if/though以及wish后邊that從句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用。1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next

19、 month for a dinner.A. come B. would comeC. came D. have come答案為C。would rather后面的從句中，動詞形式用過去式。2）You look as if you had seen a ghost.此句中as if 后邊是說話人想象中的過去的動作，所以用過去完成時(shí)。3）I wish I knew his address.在wish后邊的從句中，如果指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿瑒釉~用過去式。這句話告訴我們說話人并不知道他的位置。4）Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when

20、he was in college.Acould study B. studiedC. had studied D. would study答案為C。在wish后邊的從句中，如果表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，動詞用過去完成時(shí)。答案為B。5）He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knewC. had known D. would have know正確答案為B。在as if/though后邊的方式狀語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，動詞用過去式；如果表示的是想象中的過去的動作，用過去完成時(shí)。本句表示對現(xiàn)在的情況

21、有所懷疑。練習(xí)：1. It was proposed that the matter _ discussed at the next meeting.A. will be B. was C. could be D. be2. We desire that the tour leader _us immediately of any change in plans.A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed3. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _on the

22、way.A. goes wrong B. should go wrong C. went wrong D. would go wrong4. It is essential that these application forms _ back before the deadline.A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent5. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _?A. we are going home B. we go homeC. we we

23、nt home D. we can go home6. Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. didnt B. wouldnt C. dont D. shouldnt7. That tree looked as if it _ for a long time.A. hasnt been watered B. didnt waterC. hadnt been watered D. wasnt watered8. She didnt go to the party, but she does wish

24、 she _ there.A. has been B. had been C. would have been D. would be9. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I _here 30 minutes sooner.A. could have been B. would be C. should be D. had been10. _ the whole situation, I wouldnt have said it.A. If I should know B. Had I knownC. If I knew D. Were to kno

25、w答案：DABDCACBAB 1. 數(shù)詞和表示時(shí)間、度、量、溫度、錢額等名詞作主語表示一定的量或總和時(shí)，謂語動詞多半用單數(shù)形式。如：Three hours is enough for us to perform this experiment.我們做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)有三個(gè)小時(shí)就足夠了。That five thousand dollars is yours.那五千美金是你的。2. 集合名詞作主語時(shí)如表示整體概念，謂語動詞須用單數(shù)；如表示成員，謂語動詞須用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：The family were watching TV. 全家人在看電視。My family is a big one. 我家人口多。常見的

26、這類名詞還有army, audience, class, club, crew, crowd, committee, company, couple, group, government, party, staff, school, team, union, public等。有些集合名詞（如people, police, youth 等）謂語動詞須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police were tracking the murderer. 警察正在追蹤兇手。3. 在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句一般修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以該從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：This is one

27、of the longest rivers that have ever been seen.這是曾見過的最長的河流之一。He is one of my friends who are lawyers.我是我當(dāng)律師的朋友中的一個(gè)。4. 某些連詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語：根據(jù)毗鄰一致的原則，與鄰近的主語一致。這類連詞包括or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等。如：Neither I nor she was awarded the prize.我和她都沒有獲獎。在there be 存在句中，多數(shù)情況下也可根據(jù)毗鄰一致的原則來決定謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。

28、如：There are three patients in the waiting room.候診室里有三個(gè)病人。There is a doctor and two nurses in the clinic.診所里有一個(gè)醫(yī)生和兩個(gè)護(hù)士。5. 由合成代詞some (any, no, every) + thing (body, one) 作主語，由代詞each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，以及由限定詞either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one 等+

29、名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞均用單數(shù)形式。如：Noboday knows how many stars there are in the sky.誰都不知道天上有多少星星。Neither answer is correct.兩個(gè)答案都不對。 學(xué)位英語考試中重點(diǎn)語法知識主要包括：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、從句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主謂一致等?，F(xiàn)在我們主要學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)倒裝句的知識點(diǎn)。1. Onlyadv. 句子要倒裝。1）Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.只有在這樣的條件下，他才會取得扎實(shí)的進(jìn)步。2. 否定詞放置句

30、首時(shí), 助動詞或be 動詞要放置主語的前面進(jìn)行倒裝. 常用的否定詞有：not, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, (in)under no circumstance, by no means, no soonerthan)。Not until I reminded him for the third time _ working and looked up.A. that he stopped B. does he stoppedC. did he stop D. that he stopped答案為C。3. 虛擬條件句中省略if時(shí)要倒裝

31、。_ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized that D. As I realized4. nor, neither, so 用于句首時(shí), 句子要倒裝。So little _ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A. did I know B. I had knownC. I knew D. was

32、I know 學(xué)位英語考試中重點(diǎn)語法知識主要包括：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、從句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主謂一致等?，F(xiàn)在我們主要學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)從句的語法知識點(diǎn)。學(xué)位英語從句主要考狀語從句、定語從句、主語從句、賓語從句。1狀語從句狀語從句有很多種，讓步狀語從句是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。讓步狀語從句主要由以下一些詞或詞組引導(dǎo)：though, although, even if, even though, whetheror, no matter wh-(或how), whatever(whoever, whichever等)。1）Young _ he is, he knows what is a right

33、 thing to do.A. that B. asC. although D. however正確答案是B。as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但通常把被強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞或副詞等放在句首。2）_，you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A. No matter whomever you are B. In whomever you areC. Whoever you are D. No matter who are you四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B項(xiàng)中in whomever部分格式不對，D項(xiàng)的語序不對，只有C是正確的。2定

34、語從句定語從句又分限制性和非限制性定語從句。考生要特別注意非限制定語從句的用法。從形式上看，限制性定語從句由who ,whom ,whose ,which ,that 等關(guān)系代詞或when ,why, where等關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，不用逗號把主句和從句分開。而非限制性定語從句中不會出現(xiàn)that，而且要用逗號把主句和從句分開。1）The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _ are separated from the others by land or water.A. them B. thatC. which D. those正確

35、答案為C。在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞前面可能會有介詞，在介詞前面還可能有其它限定詞，這就更復(fù)雜一些，需特別注意。2）An old friend from abroad, _ I was expecting to stay with，telephoned me from the airport .A. that B. whomC. who D. Which這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，正確答案是B，因?yàn)榇颂幍膚hom 是stay with 的邏輯賓語。3主語從句主語從句在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語，可以引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有what, that以及who, why, where, when等連接代詞或連接

36、副詞。為避免頭重腳輕，特別是在口語中，通常設(shè)it為形式主語，與下邊這些結(jié)構(gòu)連用。It is a pity that It is an honor that It is a shame that It is a good thing that It is a fact that It is a surprise that 以及It is strange that It is surprising that It is true that It is fortunate that It is necessary that It is possible(impossible)that 1）_ I s

37、aw was two men crossing the street.A. What B. WhomC. Who D. That答案為A。2）It is desirable that he _.Agives up trying B. give up tryingC. would give up trying D. is going to give up trying答案B。本句也是一種虛擬語氣句。4賓語從句賓語從句比較簡單，它在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語成份，通常可以由that，if, whether及what引導(dǎo)。使用賓語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的是，有時(shí)可以設(shè)it為形式賓語，真正賓語是后邊的從句。例：I a

38、lways take it for granted that I am far more intelligent than he is.句子的it指代的是后邊that從句的內(nèi)容。練習(xí)：1. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. He works too hard. That is _ is wrong with him.A. that which B. that what C. what D. the thing what3. He asked her _ she thought

39、she could manage to come the Wednesday of the following week.A. what B. that C. if D. as4. Jack could ask for leave on condition _ he was really ill.A. for that B. that C. of which D. in which5. He spoke confidently, _impressed me most.A. so that B. that C. it D. which6. People are still talking abo

40、ut the historic event of years ago, _ man walked in space for the first time.A. when B. how C. because D. while7. It wasnt such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. that B. which C. as D. what8. _ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A. That B. Which C. As D. It9. Ill accep

41、t any job _ I dont have to get up early.A. lest B. as long as C. in case D. though10. They decided to chase the cow away _ it did more damage.A. unless B. until C. before D. after答案：CCCBDACCBC 學(xué)位英語考試中重點(diǎn)語法知識主要包括：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、從句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主謂一致等。今天主要學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)情態(tài)動詞的語法知識點(diǎn)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱的變化。除了ought后接to do，其它的情

42、態(tài)動詞一般和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。1must現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示對過去一個(gè)動作比較有把握的猜測。例：I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have hadC. should have had D. must have had答案為D。2情態(tài)動詞無人稱變化，在句子中和動詞原形一起組成謂語。只有ought后面接to do。情態(tài)動詞后接完成時(shí)的用法:情態(tài)動詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、必須、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。3could現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，

43、表示本來能做的事情而沒有做。例：Mary _ that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy neighbour.A. could have bought B. must have boughtC. can buy D. could buy答案為A?，旣惐緛砜梢再I那件大衣的，但是她把錢借給一個(gè)更急需的鄰居了。4should (ought to )have done用來表示本來應(yīng)該做卻沒有做的事情。例：Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him ear

44、lier.A. had a telephone B. have phonedC. should have phoned D. should be phoned答案是C。中文意思是“我很抱歉我沒能在他走之前和他了解上，我本應(yīng)早點(diǎn)兒給他打電話的?！?語態(tài)主要包括主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。語態(tài)主要表達(dá)主語和謂語之間關(guān)系。大家要特別注意被動語態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合的題目，因?yàn)檫@是考試的重點(diǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以代替將來時(shí)，用于時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中。除了注意它的一般時(shí)態(tài)之外，還要注意它進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)及完成時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如：He told me that a highway was being built here.他告訴.另外還需注

45、意有些動詞，其形式雖是主動，但具有被動的含義。1）還有一些及物動詞作不及物動詞時(shí)，也可以表示被動含義，如：This pen doesnt write well.這支筆不好使。此類動詞不多，常見的有cut, lock, open, peel, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write 等。2）當(dāng)感官動詞作系動詞時(shí),例如：Good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口。This material feels very soft.這種衣料摸起來非常柔軟。練習(xí)：1. While I _ my spectacles, I _ a pen.A. was lo

46、oking for found B. was looking for looked forC. was finding found D. was finding looked for2. If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _.A. does B. has done C. will do D. would do3. Last night, on his way home, he was _ on the head by something hard.A. striked B

47、. stroke C. struck D. striken4. “Did you say that our neighbor _ in the accident?”A. badly hurt B. was badly hurted C. was badly hurt D. had badly hurted5. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper completely.A. replaced B. have re

48、placed C. replace D. will replace6. She ought to stop work. She has a headache because she _ too long.A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read7. By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A. will have found B. have found C. will be finding D. are finding8. We _our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A. just have had B. had just had C. just had D. have just had9. Send for a doctor quickly. The old man _.A. will die B. is dying C. dies D. died10. Our school _for the summer at the end of June.A. t