高中英語語法權(quán)威解析二---“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解(附練習(xí)題)

1、.第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：一、It用作實(shí)詞表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時(shí)間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象 二、It用作形式主語 替代作主語的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。 It 作形式主語的常見句型： 1. 代作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式，其句型為 (1) It be a

2、dj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dan

3、gerous 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例 It's kind of you to help me with t

4、he problem. (3) It替代作主語的動(dòng)名詞的常見句型 It's no good/use doing It's (well)worth doing It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do It's (well)worth while doing/ to do 例 It's no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主語的從句常見句型 (1) It is + noun +從句 例 It is no secret that the president wants

5、to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause It's surprising that (should)竟然 It's a pity/shame that(should)竟然 例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) (3) It verb sb.

6、+ clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that 例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that= sb/sth verb to do (verb = appear, seem, come a

7、bout, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) 例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, underst

8、and, know） 例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) (6) It is v-ed that (should) (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 三、It作主語的句型 1. It takes sb. to

9、do(=sb takesto do)某人用多長時(shí)間做某事 例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.) 2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do（不）像某人做某事的風(fēng)格 例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us. 3. It's (about/high) time that should /v-ed是該做某事的時(shí)候了 例 It's(about/high) time that

10、 we should take action. 4. It's the x-th time (that) have v-ed第幾次做某事了 例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test. 5. It is/has been since continuous v-ed(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 某動(dòng)作已有多長時(shí)間不發(fā)生了 例 It's 10 years that he lived here 6. It was(not) before過(不)了多長時(shí)間某動(dòng)作發(fā)生了 例 It was not long before t

11、hey arrived. 四、It 作形式賓語 用來替代作賓語的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。 It 作形式賓語的常見句型： 1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.

12、 2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret. 3. verb+it+ important/unim

13、portant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that (should) verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that(should) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference. 4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, ta

14、ke, see, view) 例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. 5. v. +it + prep. + that owe it to sb. that把歸功于 leave it to sb that把留給某人去做 take it for granted that 想當(dāng)然 keep it in mind that 例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. 6. It用

15、在不能直接跟賓語從句的動(dòng)詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語從句緊跟it之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't. 7. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟it之后（except that例外） 例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice. 五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+

16、 that(who) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)也可以用who。 在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 請注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句 例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？ 2. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句時(shí)，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句 例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday. 3. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)not until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置

17、上 例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. 4. 注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句的區(qū)別 例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定語從句) 六、It 常用的固定搭配 1. make it (1).在口語當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá) 例 It's ha

18、rd to make it to the top in show business. (2).在口語中相當(dāng)于fix the date for,表示“約定好時(shí)間” 例 Shall we meet next week? OK. We just make it next Saturday. 2. as it is (1).相當(dāng)于in fact, in reality表示“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際情況是” 例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week. (

19、2).相當(dāng)于方式狀語從句，表示“照原樣” 例 Leave the table as it is. 3. as it were 相當(dāng)于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是說，可以說，換句話說” 例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes. 4. if it weren't for/if it hadn't been for用來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣，相當(dāng)于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是，要不是” 例 If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn&#

20、39;t be alive today. 5. that's it (1). 相當(dāng)于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此為止，沒有別的了” 例 You can have one more sweet, and that's it. (2). 相當(dāng)于 That's right.表示“對啦” 例 I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A” That's it. 6. catch it 在口語中，相當(dāng)于be punished/scolded for doing sth.

21、wrong. 表示“因做錯(cuò)事而挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評，受懲罰” 例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again. 7. have it (1).相當(dāng)于say, insist表示“說，主張，表明，硬說” 例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced. (2).相當(dāng)于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，獲悉” 例 I had it from John that she was going abroad. 8. have

22、 what it takes在口語中，相當(dāng)于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的條件” 例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star. 9. so it seems / appears. 10. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相當(dāng)于go on,表示“繼續(xù)做，不放棄” 例 My teacher asked me to keep at it. 11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞 12. Now you have d

23、one it! (You have done sth. wrong.) 13. Now you'll catch it! (You'll be punished.) 14. As it happened, 在口語中，相當(dāng)于it's a pity that, 表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾” 例 As it happened, they were out. 15. As it turned out,在口語中，相當(dāng)于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被證明是” 例 As it turned out, his statement was fals

24、e. 16. Such as it is(they are) 在口語中，相當(dāng)于although it may not be worth much, 表示“雖然沒有多大價(jià)值” 例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is. 17. Take it/things easy. 相當(dāng)于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用來勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)心，存住氣” 例 Take it easy! He will do it well. 18. Take it from me.在口語中，相當(dāng)于believe me w

25、hat I say.表示“請相信我的話，我敢擔(dān)?！?例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time. 19. For what it is worth在口語中，相當(dāng)于although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其價(jià)值如何” 例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth. 20. Worth it 在口語中，相當(dāng)于useful, 表示“有好處，值得做” 例 Don't hesitate abo

26、ut it! It's worth it. 21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你” 例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday. 22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放棄 例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it. 23. It all depends/that all depends 在口語中，相當(dāng)于it hasn't been decided yet, 表示“那得看情況，還

27、沒有定下來” 例 Are you going to the countryside for holiday? It/That all depends. 24. It's up to sb. 在口語中，相當(dāng)于it's decided by sb. 表示“由決定，由負(fù)責(zé)，取決于” 例 Shall we go out for dinner? It's up to you. “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配專練1. Was it during the Second World War_ he died? A.that B.while C.in which D.then (88)

28、2. Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A.this B.that C.it D.he (89) 3. I don't think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A.this B.that C.its D.it (91) 4.Does _ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it (91)5. It wa

29、s not _ she took off her glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A.when , that B.until , that C.until , that D.when , then (92)6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected _ to be much better. A.that B.this C.one D.it (93) 7. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began. A.

30、while B.which C.that D.since (94) 8. _is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A.There B.This C.That D.It (95) 9. It was only when I reread this poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty. A.until B.that C.then D.so (97) 10. I hate_when people talk with their m

31、ouths full. A.it B.that C.these D.them (98) 11. It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. A.one B.that C.what D.it (2000) 12.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one 13. Do you like _ here? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全國卷) A. this B. These C. That D. it 14. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Pete