2022年[高考英語]高考英語語法復習教案-情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣

1、高考語法專題：情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣考綱新研讀情態(tài)動詞1. can, could (1)表示能力或客觀可能性、請求或允許：man cannot live without air or water. (2)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信：how can you be so careless! he couldnt be over sixty. (3)表示對過去否定或疑問的猜測：jack cannot (couldn t) have been to china, has he? can (could) he have heard the news? (4)表示虛擬語氣，用于肯定句，could have don

2、e,“過去能夠干某事而沒干 ” 。i could have lent him money, but he didnt ask me.given more time, i could have done it even better. (5)表示“ 有時會 ” ：training alone can be dangerous. 2. may, might (1)表示推測 “ 可能” ：that may or may not be true. (2)對過去可能性的推測，may (might可能性更小 )have done ：she may not have seen the film. she m

3、ight have had an accident. (3)表示虛擬語氣 “ 有可能干而沒干 ” ：she might have given you more help, but she didnt.(4)表示祝愿：may you succeed in passing the exam！3.must，have to (1) “必須 ” ，“ 必要” ：soldiers must obey orders. you mustn t talk like that. (2)肯定的猜測 (不能用于否定或疑問 )：“ 一定” ：he must be seventy now. he must be doin

4、g his homework upstairs. i think you must have made a mistake, didnt you?精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -he must have been doing his homework then. (3)(表示與說話人愿望相反及不耐煩)偏要just as i was hur

5、rying to class, mary must come, telling a long story. 4. need (1) “需要 ” ，主要用于否定、疑問句。you neednt do it at once. (2)needn t have done,“過去不需要干而干了 ” ：you had enough time left. you neednt have hurried. (3)特殊句型， “ 需要干某事 ” ：the tree needs (wants, requires) watering (to be watered). 5.dare，dared (1)主要用于疑問、否定

6、和條件句中：how dared they do such a thing? (2)可作實意動詞： dare (to) do: he didn t dare (to) go there. 6. shall, should (1)shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，征求對方意見：shall i turn on the radio? (2)shall用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示允諾、警告、命令、決心等。you shall fail if you dont take his advice.nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. (3)

7、should/ought to,“應該” ：you should work hard at your lessons. (4)should(ought to) have done,“過去本來應該干某事而沒干” ；should not have done“過去本來不應該干某事而干了” ,表示委婉的批評：you should have come earlier. you shouldnt have told her about it. you ought to have told me about that yesterday. 7. will, would (1)用于疑問句，表示請求、邀請：wi

8、ll/would you pass me the book? (2) “愿意 ” ：if you will wait a little while, ill call the manager.(3) “總是 ” ：he will often sit up all night. he would drop in on me on sundays. (4)用于否定句，表拒絕，尤指物：精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - -

9、- - - - 第 2 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -we pushed the bus, but it wouldnt move a bit. 8.used to “過去曾經 ” ，暗示現在不再如此：you used to smoke, usednt you (didnt you)?虛擬語氣近幾年， 虛擬語氣考查的重點是與情態(tài)動詞連用的虛擬語氣。如： should have done, could have done, might have done等。虛擬條件句等也時有涉及。1.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用：(1)與現在事實相反 ：條件句謂語用： if.did/wer

10、e.；主句謂語用： would (should, could, might) do. 。例如：if i had enough money, i would buy the car. (but i havent enough money.) if it were not so late, we could have coffee. (2)與過去事實相反：條件句謂語用： if.had done.;主句謂語用： would (should) have done. 。例如：if they had invited me, i would have gone to the party. (but they

11、 didn t invite me.)they didnt invite me, otherwise, i would have gone to the party. (3)與將來事實相反：條件句謂語用： if.did (were)/were to do/should do.; 主句謂語用：would (should) do. 。例如：i m sure to succeed this time. if i failed (were to fail/should fail), i would try again. (4)過去現在混合：條件句與過去事實相反，主句與現在事實相反。例如：if you

12、had taken the doctor s advice, you wouldnt be in hospital now (you would be well now). (5)如果 if省略，從句要倒裝 (主要是 were/should/had )例如：had they time, they would help us. had you come earlier, you would have met the scientist. (6)用介詞短語代替條件句：we would not have succeeded without your help (but for your help).

13、 but for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：(1)wish “希望；但愿 ” 。wish后的賓語從句，如果跟虛擬語氣，有三種時態(tài) 。即: 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -與現在事實相反 ,謂語用一般過去時態(tài)。例如：i wish i had your br

14、ain. 與過去事實相反，謂語用過過去完成時態(tài)。例如：how i wished i had studied then! 與將來事實相反，或不大可能實現的愿望，謂語用would/could do 。 例如：how i wish that i would go to the moon some day. (2)command,demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest等后面的賓語從句，謂語用 (should) do 。總體掌握： “ 要求干，應該干，但還沒干 ” ，就是說動作還沒有發(fā)生。因此insist “堅持事實” 、suggest“暗示” 都不用虛擬

15、語氣。mother insists i get rid of the bad habit. he insisted that he was a party member and be sent to the front. 注意：與此項有關的表語從句、同位語從句、主語從句等的謂語同樣用 (should) do 。例如：my suggestion is that he do the exercises first. 這樣的名詞有： advice, idea, demand, order, plan, request, suggestion 等。3.主語從句中的虛擬語氣：謂語同樣用(should)

16、do 。例如：it is necessary (important) that a student (should) have good manners. it was a pity that you (should) be so careless. it will be suggested that he (should) finish his homework today. 4.部分情態(tài)動詞：you could have lived with tom. you should have come five minutes earlier. where is mary? she might h

17、ave had an accident. it was so near to the railway station. we could have walked to it. a taxi wasn t necessary.5.其他句型：(1)it is (high) time that we went home (should go home). (謂語用一般過去時態(tài)或 should do) (2)i would rather you came tomorrow .(謂語用一般過去時態(tài) ) (3)he talks as if he knew everything. 高考新剖析1. but f

18、or their help, we_ the program in time. 高考安徽卷a. can not finish b. will not finish 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -c. had not finished d. could not have finished 2. it_ have been tom that

19、 parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. 高考上海卷a. may b. can c. must d. should 3. hi, tom. any idea where jane is? she_ in the classroom. i saw her there just now. 高考重慶卷a. shall be b. should have been c. must be d. might have been 4. some people who don t like to talk much are not nece

20、ssarily shy；they_ just be quiet people. 高考安徽卷a. must b. may c. should d. would dcbc5. one of the few things you_ say about english people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. 高考北京卷a. need b. must c. should d. can 6. according to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobil

21、e phone before boarding. 高考上海卷a. may b. can c. would d. should 7. how s your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?it_ be, but it is now heavily polluted. a. will b. would c. should d. must 8. the teacher_ have thought johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, i suppose.a. s

22、hould b. can c. would d. must 9. she looks very happy. she_ have passed the exam. i guess so. its not difficult after all.a. should b. could c. must d. might ddcdc10. what a pity. considering his ability and experience, he _ better. 高考江西卷a. need have done b. must have done c. can have done d. might

23、have done 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精題新探究1. helen _go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. a. shall b. must c. may d. can 2. i was on the highway when this car went pa

24、st followed by a police car. they_ at least 150 km an hour. a. should have been doing b. must have been doing c. could have done d. would have done 3. do you know where david is? i couldnt find him anywhere. well. he _have gone far his coat s still here.a. shouldn t b. mustn t c. can t d. wouldn tdc

25、bc4. mr. smith is always on time for everything. how_ it be that he was late for the flight? a. can b. need c. may d. must 5. catherine, i have cleaned the room for you. thanks. you_ it .i could manage it myself. a. needn t do b. needn t have donec. mustn t do d. shouldn t have done6. it is her that

26、 you _such a matter. a. should consult on b. might consult on c. should consult d. must consult for 7. the woman biologist stayed in africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. oh, dear! she_ a lot of difficulties ！a. may go through b. might go through c. ought to have gone throug

27、h d. must have gone through abad8. the young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _free. a. did; set b. had done; should be set c. should do; be set d. had done; should set 9. if it _tomorrow ,what would we do? a. rains b. would rain 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁，共 7