冬季雞舍通風ppt課件

1、VENTILATING POULTRY HOUSES DURING COLD WEATHER 冬季雞舍通風冬季雞舍通風YANTAIBernard GreenWhy We Ventilate 為什么要通風為什么要通風We ventilate to: 通風是為了:Create an air exchange 空氣交換Control moisture levels (relative humidity/RH) 控制濕度Supply oxygen提供氧氣Remove harmful gases (CO , CO, NH ) 排出有害氣體Control the heat load 控制熱量積聚Contr

2、ol the bird effective temperature 控制雞群體感溫度Combination of temperature, relative humidity, air speed, bird age 溫度、濕度、風速及雞的年齡綜協(xié)作用Always ventilate to achieve and maintain BIRD COMFORT 通風一直要到達并堅持雞群溫馨How We Ventilate 如何進展通風如何進展通風At or below set point temperature minimum ventilation 低于設定溫度 - 最小通風Regardless

3、 of outside temperature, a certain amount of fresh air must be brought into the house 無論外界溫度如何，雞舍都要有一定的新穎空氣進入Maintain air quality 堅持空氣質量Maintain floor/house temperature 堅持墊料及雞舍溫度Bird comfort is achieved through maintaining good temperature control 堅持雞舍溫度穩(wěn)定使雞群溫馨No air movement at bird level 雞群高度位置沒有風

4、速Fans operate on a cycle timer 風機經過循環(huán)定時鐘控制How We Ventilate 如何進展通風如何進展通風Above set point temperature transition and tunnel ventilation 高于設定溫度 - 過渡通風和縱向通風Fans run continuously 風機繼續(xù)運轉Higher rate of ventilation 通風量較大Remove bird heat from the house 排出雞群產生的熱量Tunnel Ventilation - cool the birds with air mov

5、ement (windchill) 縱向通風 經過空氣流動降低雞群溫度Pad cooling assists tunnel ventilation by cooling the air 濕簾冷卻 - 經過冷卻空氣提高縱向通風效果Bird comfort is priority! 雞群溫馨最重要！When Do We Use Min Vent? 什么時候采用最小通風什么時候采用最小通風It can be used summer and winter 可以在夏季及冬季運用It is used anytime the actual house temperature is below the req

6、uired set point temperature for the birds 雞舍溫度低于理想的設定溫度時就可以運用It is used when trying to maintain temperature, but still putting the least amount of fresh air possible to maintain good air quality 為了堅持溫度但是還需求一定的新穎空氣進入雞舍一堅持空氣質量When the house temperature goes above the required set point temperature, th

7、en it is no longer in minimum ventilation mode 當雞舍的溫度超越設定的要求溫度時，就不再進展最小通風Set Point Temperature設定溫度設定溫度Minimum Ventilation 最小通風最小通風Transition and Tunnel Ventilation 過渡及縱向通風過渡及縱向通風Bird Requirements 雞只需求雞只需求 Warm floor during brooding 育雛時暖和的地面 Good temperature control 良好的溫度控制 Good air quality (oxygen)

8、良好的空氣質量 No temperature fluctuations 溫度沒有動搖 No drafts 沒有賊風 No environmental stresses 沒有環(huán)境應激 It doesnt matter what type of housing you have! 不論是什么類型的雞舍 These are the bird requirements and somehow you must provide them 這是雞的需求，他必需提供應它們 Closed environment houses are better equipped to provide this 密閉雞舍的良

9、好設備能更好地提供這些要求Your House The Starting Point 雞舍雞舍 是根底是根底The “quality of the house can make or break any ventilation system 雞舍的“質量可以運轉或破壞任何通風系統(tǒng)的運轉Regardless of the type of ventilation system, it is important to SEAL THE HOUSE 無論何種通風方式，密閉雞舍非常重要Gives better control over what is happening inside 對于雞舍內部情況可

10、以更好的控制Reduces the effect of outside conditions 減少外界條件的影響Gives you more control over the incoming air 更好地控制新穎空氣的進入Roof insulation plays a key role 屋頂隔熱性能起到關鍵的作用A good house is: 好的雞舍是：Well sealed, air tight 密閉良好，無漏風Well insulated 隔熱性能良好Minimum House Pressure Based on Fan Capacity and House Size 基于雞舍大小

11、及風機通風量的最小負壓11151500185022302600300033503720House Floor Area (m)51000476004420041000375003400030600Test Fan (m/hr)1520253035404550556065707580Problems With Poorly Sealed Houses 雞舍密閉性能差呵斥的問題雞舍密閉性能差呵斥的問題Cold floors due to drafts 因賊風而呵斥較涼的地面Cold drafts onto the chicks/birds 冷的賊風吹到雞體身上More difficult to m

12、aintain temperature in winter 冬季保溫更難More difficult to ventilate effectively in winter 冬季難以進展有效通風Stress, stocking density, uniformity, health, poor start 應激，密度，均勻度，安康，開端差Cold drafts onto the heater probe 冷的賊風吹到溫度探頭Heat loss through the cracks and openings 熱量喪失No mixing of cold incoming air with warm

13、inside air 冷熱空氣不能很好混合Unable to access the heat in the peak of the roof 沒有利用到屋頂的熱量High heating costs, cant maintain temperature 保溫本錢高，不能堅持溫度Poor Sealing 密閉差密閉差Always seal from outside 一直從外側進展密閉Cold Air Leakage at Catching Door 冷空氣從門的漏縫處進入冷空氣從門的漏縫處進入Sealed vs. Unsealed Side Wall 密閉好和密閉差的雞舍側墻密閉好和密閉差的雞舍

14、側墻Chick Spread Uninsulated, Poor Seal 雞群分布雞群分布 隔熱差，密閉不好隔熱差，密閉不好Chick Spread Insulated, Sealed 雞群分布雞群分布 - 隔熱性能好，密閉良好隔熱性能好，密閉良好House Leakage 雞舍漏風雞舍漏風Cold floors, wet litter, heater activated 地面涼，墊料濕，加熱設備任務Wasted Heat 浪費熱量Curtain Leakage on a Windy Day 大風天時卷簾漏風大風天時卷簾漏風Air Leakage Through a Poorly Seale

15、d Curtain 卷簾密閉差時的雞舍漏風卷簾密閉差時的雞舍漏風Managing HousesThat Are Not “Air Tight 漏風雞舍的管理漏風雞舍的管理 SEAL THE HOUSE! 密閉雞舍！密閉雞舍！! Minimal cost, huge impact 最低本錢，宏大的影響最低本錢，宏大的影響 Make sure tunnel inlets can seal tight 確?？v向進確?？v向進風口密閉風口密閉 Make sure curtains seal 確保卷簾密閉確保卷簾密閉 Seal around doors 密閉門窗密閉門窗 Seal all unused f

16、ans 密閉不運用的風機密閉不運用的風機 Seal around inlets 進風口四縝密閉進風口四縝密閉 Seal all joints in the roof 屋頂結合處密閉屋頂結合處密閉 Seal drainage holes 密閉下水孔密閉下水孔 This will give you (more) control over the incoming air 這將會更好地控制進入雞舍的新穎空氣這將會更好地控制進入雞舍的新穎空氣Heating 加熱加熱 Make sure there is MORE than enough heating capacity 確保雞舍足夠的加熱才干 Mor

17、e often results in lower total consumption 能量耗費反而會少 Ensure good, even distribution of the heat 確保加熱量、設備分布均勻 Be cautious when using circulation/stir fans 運用循環(huán)風機或攪拌風扇時要小心 Sometimes they create drafts at bird level 有時會產生賊風 Preheat the house for at least 2-3 days 雞舍預熱2-3天 Make sure floors are warm befor

18、e chicks arrive (min 30C) 確保雛雞到達時的地面溫度最低30C“Quick Fix Minimum Ventilation “快速處理最小通風快速處理最小通風Fan jet system 風機送風系統(tǒng)Air cannons and “pressure inlets are a cost effective “quick fix for houses without minimum ventilation 通風管和負壓進風口對于沒有最小通風系統(tǒng)的雞舍能以較低的本錢有效地進展通風Air cannons are not the ultimate solution 通風管不是最

19、終方法The volume of air they supply is too small 進風量太小Circulation fans can help to distribute heat (but they are NOT a substitute for minimum ventilation) 循環(huán)風機能有助于使熱量分布均勻但是也不能替代最小通風Fan Jet 風機送風Fan Jet 風機送風Inlet Damper進風口風門Fan Jet System 風機送風系統(tǒng)Fan Jet送風風機Plastic Tube塑料管道Exhaust Fan 排風機Tube Holes and Air

20、 Flow Direction管道孔及氣流方向Fan Jet System 送風系統(tǒng)Advantages: 優(yōu)點“Positive pressure system 正壓通風系統(tǒng)House does not have to be extremely well sealed 雞舍不用密閉非常好Fan jet runs continuously good mixing of air and heat 送風風機延續(xù)運轉 空氣和熱量混合良好Incoming air directed up away from birds 進入的新穎空氣氣流向上，遠離雞群高度Heating system can be lo

21、cated at FJ for distribution 加熱系統(tǒng)可以置于送風系統(tǒng)內以使熱量均勻分布Relatively cheap system 相對經濟的系統(tǒng)Disadvantages: 缺陷May not be able to provide enough min vent for whole cycle (depends on stocking density, weight) 整個循環(huán)周期內也許不能提供足夠的最小通風量取決于豢養(yǎng)密度，體重Tube is biosecurity risk must be well cleaned 管道有生物平安的風險 必需很好清洗Air Cannons

22、 通風管Pressure Balanced Inlet 壓力調理進風口Air Cannons, Pressure Inlets 通風管，負壓進風口 Advantages: 優(yōu)點Quite an effective minimum ventilation system 比較有效的最小通風系統(tǒng)Fairly cost effective cheap “inlets (90mm pipe) 本錢低 進風口廉價Curtains stay closed 卷簾不斷封鎖Mixes incoming air with warm house air 新穎空氣和暖空氣混合Disadvantages:缺陷System

23、 works on negative pressure, so 系統(tǒng)以負壓方式任務House must be well sealed, or else 雞舍必需密閉良好House may get colder than before, chicks more stressed 雞舍溫度能夠比以前低，雞群應激較大Do not take this approach unless house can be well sealed 雞舍密閉不好時不要采用這種方法Requires ventilation controller or cycle timer 需求通風控制系統(tǒng)或定時鐘Bringing in

24、Cold Air 冷空氣進入雞舍冷空氣進入雞舍Chicks chilled, wet litter 雞群著涼，墊料潮濕Valuable Heat Wasted浪費熱空氣Negative Pressure VentilationClosed Environment Houses負壓通風，密閉式雞舍What is Negative Pressure? 什么是負壓？ When a fan tries to extract more air from a house than is allowed to enter the house 當風機需求排出的空氣比進入的空氣多時 When this happ

25、ens air rushes in through inlets to replace the exhausted air 任務時，空氣從進風口快速進入以交換排出去的空氣 Just because a fan is running, doesnt mean there is a negative pressure 僅有風機運轉時，并不一定是負壓Why Is It Important? 為什么很重要？為什么很重要？ With negative pressure, air enters evenly through every inlet 負壓時，空氣均勻地進入雞舍 If your house l

26、eaks, it also comes through all the leaks! 假設雞舍漏風，空氣也可從漏縫處進入 By spreading inlets evenly can get even fresh air distribution 進風口分布均勻，空氣進入也均勻 By restricting inlet size, can regulate incoming air speed 調理進風口大小，可以調理空氣進入速度 Control over how far the air goes into the house 控制空氣以何種方式進入雞舍 Air should go to th

27、e middle (peak) of the roof 空氣應該進入到雞舍屋頂中間 Higher incoming speed allows better mixing 風速快，混合更好 Pressure determines the incoming air speed 負壓決議風速 High pressure high air speed 負壓高，風速快 Low pressure low air speed 負壓低，風速慢 The wider the house higher the pressure 雞舍越寬，負壓要求越大 By using pressure, we can put th

28、e air where we want it 利用負壓，我們可以使空氣以需求的方式進入雞舍Why Is It Important? 為什么很重要？為什么很重要？Air Movement Based on Pressure 不同負壓情況下的空氣流動不同負壓情況下的空氣流動Low Pressure 負壓低Bit higher高一點Higher 又高一點Just right 剛好Negative Pressure vs House Width 負壓和雞舍寬度負壓和雞舍寬度The following is a rough guide for the negative pressure at diffe

29、rent house widths 不同寬度雞舍的負壓參考House Width 雞舍寬度perating Pressure 任務負壓10m10Pa12m13Pa14m15Pa15m20Pa18m25PaNote: The above is only a guide. Actual operating pressure may vary depending on the type of inlet and shape and angle of the ceiling/roof, etc.Minimum Ventilation System 最小通風系統(tǒng)最小通風系統(tǒng) Cross ventilat

30、ion is most successful 橫向通風最勝利 Fans and inlets located in the side walls 風機/進風口置于側墻上 Hot air gathers in the peak of the roof 熱空氣積聚在雞舍屋頂 Fans operate on a cycle timer 風機以定時鐘控制運轉 Pressure controlled side wall inlets direct cold air to peak負壓控制側墻進風口，調理冷空氣到達雞舍中間 Cold, moist air mixes and pushes hot, dry

31、 air down 冷而濕的空氣與暖空氣混合，迫使暖而干的空氣向下 Distributes fresh, warm air 新穎而較暖的空氣均勻分布 Low air movement at bird level (4cm) + (Pressure) 正確的空氣流動正確的空氣流動= 開啟開啟4厘米以上厘米以上+負壓負壓The Most Critical Part Of Your Minimum Ventilation System? 最小通風系統(tǒng)最關鍵的部分？最小通風系統(tǒng)最關鍵的部分？If the tunnel inlet does not close tight, your minimum v

32、entilation system will not function properly 假設縱向進風口不能密閉，最小通風就不可以很好地運轉Management/Stockmanship 管理 The above is not worth much without good management 假設沒有很好的管理，上述這些就沒有價值可言 Manager is link between birds and ventilation system 管理人員是雞群和通風系統(tǒng)的銜接紐帶 Must be able to “read bird behaviour and other signs 必需懂得“

33、閱讀雞群的行為和其它表現(xiàn) Must be able to adjust vent to satisfy bird requirement 必需可以只滿足雞群的需求進展通風 There is NO ventilation system that does not require management 沒有一種通風系統(tǒng)是不需求管理的 Training and education about new equipment and technology is very important! 對于新設備和新技術的培訓非常重要！Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通風量最小通風量Theor

34、etical/calculated rates are only a guide! 實際/計算的數值只能作參考The right minimum rate is critical for bird performance and to minimise heat consumption 正確的最小通風量是雞群消費性能和最小保溫本錢的關鍵Under ventilation bird performance is compromised 通風缺乏 雞群消費性能受影響Over ventilation excessive heat consumption, dry house, possible dr

35、afts on birds 通風量過大 加熱本錢高，雞舍枯燥，能夠呵斥賊風Evaluate your minimum ventilation setting every day 每天評價最小通風量的設定Minimum ventilation fans should operate on a cycle timer 最小通風風機應該由定時鐘控制Example of Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通風量舉例最小通風量舉例Example Calculation 計算舉例計算舉例Assume: 假設Bird weight = 800g ; 10 000 birds 體重=800

36、克，10000只雞Ventilation “factor = 0,594m/hr/kg 通風系數 = 0,594m/hr/kg Calculation: 計算Ventilation = 10 000 x 0,594m/hr/bird = 5 940m/hrCycle Timer Setting: 定時鐘設定5 minute cycle ; 1 x fan 20 000m/hr (example) 5分鐘循環(huán)Time ON = (5 940 x 5) (1 x 20 000) = 1,6 minutesTime ON = 1 min 36 secTime OFF = 3 min 24 secNo

37、te: This is an example on how to perform the calculation, and does not necessarily suggest that the “Ventilation Factor used above is theonly way to calculate minimum ventilation Evaluating Minimum Ventilation 最小通風評價最小通風評價The only way is by visiting the house 只需一種方式：進雞舍Done preferably first thing ea

38、ch morning 每天早上的第一件事Evaluate in the first 30-60 seconds: 剛進入雞舍30-60秒時評價Bird comfort, spread, activity 雞群的溫馨度，分布，活動“Stuffiness “悶Humidity level 濕度Ammonia 氨氣Condensation/sweating (walls, drinker pipes, steel) 冷凝水“AIR QUALITY “空氣質量What you feel in first 30-60 seconds is what the chicken lived with all night 進雞舍后前30-60秒的覺得就是雞群整晚所處的環(huán)境“Purging the house in the morning is unacceptable 早晨大量通風不可取(Purging running many fans to clear the air)Evaluating Minimum Ventilation