英語中同位語的用法

1、一、同位語從句的定義和特點在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用 that, whether , what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞弓i導，常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion 等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換 言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對其內(nèi)容作進 一步說明。例：t

2、he news that they had won the game soon spread over thewhole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。析：they had won the game 說明the news的全部內(nèi)容，因此該句 為同位語從句。二、正確運用同位語從句的引導詞，準確把握同位語從句引導同位語從句的連接詞精品資料that 不1 .如同位語從句意義完整，應用 that引導同位語從句。（即充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）例：the general gave the order that the soldiers should cross theri

3、ver at once.將軍下達了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once 是 the order 的全部 內(nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應用that引導同位語從句。2 .如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加"是否"的含義，應用whether 引導同位語從句。（ if 不能引導同位語從句）例： we'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will beheld on time. 我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。析： the sports me

4、eting will be held on time 意義不完整，應加"是否"的含義才能表達the problem 的全部內(nèi)容，因此應用 whether 引導同位語從句。3 .如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加"什么時候"、 "什么地點"、 "什么方式 "等含義，應用 when, where, how 等詞引導同位語從句。例 1 ： i have no idea when he will be back.析： he will be back 意義不完整， 應加 "什么時候" 的含義才能表達idea的

5、全部內(nèi)容，因此應用 when 引導同位語從句。例 2 ： i have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析： he went home 意義不完整，應加 "如何"的含義才能表達impression 的全部內(nèi)容，因此應用 how 引導同位語從句。4 . 當主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后置。如： the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled thecity.三、 把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別， 明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限同位語從

6、句和定語從句相似， 都放在某一名詞或代詞后面， 但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明，是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語從句的引導詞均不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系， 且名詞和定語從句的引導詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子， 如果句子通順且符合邏輯， 則為同位語從句， 反之， 則為定語從句。如：the report that he was going to resign was false.因為the report was that he was going to resi

7、gn 句意通順，所以， thathe was going to resign 是同位語從句。四、典型例題1. some researchers believe that there is no doubta cure foraids will be found.a. which b. that c. what d. whether2. a warm thought suddenly came to me i might use thepocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday a. if b. when c. that d. which3. nobody believed his reason for being absent from the classhe had to meet his uncle at the airport.a. why b. that c. where d. because4. along with the letter was his promise he would visit methis coming christmas.a. which b. that c. what d. whether5. danby left