高中定語從句PPT學習教案

1、會計學1高中定語從句高中定語從句 一一. 定語從句的基本定義定語從句的基本定義放在名詞或代詞名詞或代詞后面，由關系代詞或關系代詞或關系副詞關系副詞引導的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。第1頁/共35頁eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行詞先行詞關系代詞關系代詞Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行詞先行詞關系副詞關系副詞第2頁/共35頁先行詞和關系詞的關系先行詞和關系詞的關系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy

2、who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指關系詞關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格實際上是先行詞的所有格關系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關系副詞實際上是介詞先

3、行詞第3頁/共35頁Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關系代詞的實質(zhì)關系代詞的實質(zhì)the machinea machinethat /which第4頁/共35頁The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green. who/that關系代詞實際上代替的就是先行關系代詞實際上代替的就是先行詞詞第5頁/共35頁 二二. 關系詞的分類關系詞的分類1. 關

4、系代關系代詞詞 2. 關系副詞關系副詞關系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、主語、賓語、表語和定語，常用的關系代詞有：表語和定語，常用的關系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，常狀語，常用的關系副詞有：用的關系副詞有：when, where, why第6頁/共35頁三三. 關系代詞的基本用法和注意點關系代詞的基本用法和注意點1. 關系代詞的基本用法關系代詞的基本用法關系代關系代詞詞指代的指代的先行詞先行詞充當從句的成分充當從句的成分who人人主語、賓語主語、賓語whom人人賓語賓語which物物主語、賓語主語、賓語that人或物人或物 主語

5、、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語whose人或物人或物定語定語第7頁/共35頁 who指人指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。作賓語時，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人, ,在定語從句中作賓語，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.第8頁/共35頁 which 指物，在定語從句中作主語指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語

6、時，可省略?；蛸e語。作賓語時，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. 第9頁/共35頁He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指人或物，在定語從句中作主語指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略?；蛸e語。作賓語時，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.第10頁/共35頁whose指人或物指人或物, 在定語從句中作在定語從句中作定語定

7、語 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.第11頁/共35頁The scientist (who/that) we met yesterday is very famous in the world.(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress (which/that) she is wearing is new.(1) T

8、he scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.鞏固練習一：鞏固練習一： 用定語從句合并句子用定語從句合并句子第12頁/共35頁(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the film. I have ever mentioned it.He is the kind person (who/whom/that) I have ever worked with.This is the film (that/which) I

9、have ever mentioned.第13頁/共35頁2. 關系代詞的用法注意點關系代詞的用法注意點(1) that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用種情況只能用that 不能用不能用which。當先行詞中有人又有物時。如：當先行詞中有人又有物時。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2. 關系代詞用法注關系代詞用法注意點意點(1)只能用只能用that 當先行詞為不定代詞當先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, ev

10、erything, nothing, none等時。如：等時。如：This is all that I want from the school.第14頁/共35頁當先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：當先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.當先行詞被當先行詞被only, just, very, right, l

11、ast等修飾時。如：等修飾時。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.第15頁/共35頁1. 關系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介關系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語（介詞提前）詞作賓語（介詞提前）; There are many trees under which they can have a rest.2 在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中; Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.(2) 5種只能用種只能用w

12、hich 不能用不能用that的情的情況。況。第16頁/共35頁3. 在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定從的關系代詞用了個定從的關系代詞用了that，另一個宜用，另一個宜用which；He gave me a gift that had been bought from the shop which belongs to his uncle.4. 當先行詞為指物的代詞當先行詞為指物的代詞that和和those時時；He has found that which I am looking for.5. 當關系代詞后面有插入語時。當關系代詞后面有插入語時。He

13、re is the book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.第17頁/共35頁1. Is there anything _ belongs to you? 2. This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here. 3. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. 鞏固練習二：選擇鞏固練習二：選擇that或或which填空填空tha

14、tthatwhich第18頁/共35頁4. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.5. Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.鞏固練習二：選擇鞏固練習二：選擇that或或which填空填空thatthat第19頁/共35頁(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面兩種都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用情況，多用who:先行詞為先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時。等時。All who heard the news were ex

15、cited.先行詞為先行詞為those, he和和people時。如：時。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.第20頁/共35頁(3) whose引導的定語從句要點引導的定語從句要點 whose引導定語從句，其后應緊跟引導定語從句，其后應緊跟名詞，構成名詞短語。名詞，構成名詞短語。 whose與它所修飾的名詞一起可以與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作介詞的賓語。如：作介詞的賓語。如：The boss in whose depar

16、tment he worked had heard the news. 他工作他工作所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。第21頁/共35頁whose的先行詞指物時，可用的先行詞指物時，可用of which代替，但語序不同，即代替，但語序不同，即whose+名名詞詞 = the+名詞名詞+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesti

17、ng. whose引導的定語從句，其先行詞引導的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。既可以指人也可以指物。第22頁/共35頁whose的先行詞指人時，可用的先行詞指人時，可用of whom代替，但語序不同，即代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.第23頁/共35頁1. Those _ havent taken p

18、hysical examination must go to hospital now. 2. The boss _ factory my father works is very strict. 我父親所工作的工廠的老板很嚴厲。我父親所工作的工廠的老板很嚴厲。3. Anyone _ wants to attend a top university has to work very hard.4. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.鞏固練習三：在空格中填入適當?shù)脑~鞏固練習三：在空格中填入適當?shù)脑~wh

19、oin whosewhowhose第24頁/共35頁(4) 關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞保的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。持一致。(4)從句中的謂語從句中的謂語Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teache

20、r yesterday.第25頁/共35頁關系代詞前介詞的確定關系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系；根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系；e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配；根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配；e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣。：根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣。：e.g. 1949 was the ye

21、ar in which the P.R.C. was founded.第26頁/共35頁第27頁/共35頁in whichof whomin whichon which鞏固練習四：在空格中填入適當鞏固練習四：在空格中填入適當 的介詞和關系代的介詞和關系代詞詞第28頁/共35頁5. Do you like the book _ she spent $10? 6. Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot? 7. Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gone abroad? 8. He paid t

22、he boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfrom whomabout whomof which第29頁/共35頁 先行詞是先行詞是the way、意為、意為“方式，方方式，方法法”時，引導定語從句的關系詞用時，引導定語從句的關系詞用that/ in which或省略?；蚴÷浴?I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _ he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）應注意的特殊用法：應注意的特殊用法：第30頁/共35頁3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or who