博士英語教學(xué)大綱2006

1、Wuhan University 博 士 英 語 教 學(xué) 大 綱 博士研究生英語教學(xué)一教學(xué)目的及目標(biāo)以感受語言，認(rèn)識(shí)語言，應(yīng)用語言為主導(dǎo)，以提高學(xué)生的實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力為目標(biāo)。在反思語言習(xí)得的過程中，探索一種全新的教學(xué)模式（源于且高于單一語言層面的教學(xué)，即基于語篇層面的文本結(jié)構(gòu)，在語篇層面上對(duì)文本進(jìn)行三位一體的詮釋，了解英美族人的思維方式），增強(qiáng)論文和學(xué)術(shù)研究中的批判性思維的意識(shí)，培養(yǎng)批判性思維的習(xí)慣（通過洞察力達(dá)到更深層次的知識(shí)和理解），強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)造性技能（區(qū)別于側(cè)重于以聽力和閱讀為主導(dǎo)的接受性技能），即提高學(xué)生交際和寫作的能力，使之符合清晰性、準(zhǔn)確性、精確性、相關(guān)性、深度、廣度、邏輯和意義的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2、（限于課時(shí)，故側(cè)重于理念教學(xué)，本源教學(xué)，形態(tài)教學(xué)，方法論教學(xué)，從認(rèn)識(shí)論的角度培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的解構(gòu)能力）。二教學(xué)理念從傳統(tǒng)的側(cè)重于語言層面的教學(xué)觀念轉(zhuǎn)移到以思維層面為主導(dǎo)，兼顧語言層面的全新的教學(xué)觀念，即了解英美族人怎么想、怎么組織思想、怎么表達(dá)的思維層面，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)正確的交際目的（怎么用），完善學(xué)習(xí)的對(duì)象（學(xué)以致用），而不只停留在單一的體現(xiàn)語法與詞匯的語句即語言層面。語言是表達(dá)思想的物質(zhì)載體, 是邏輯思維的工具, 是思維過程的再現(xiàn)；而思維對(duì)世界的反映是借助于語言來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。三教學(xué)定位以思維模式為切入點(diǎn)（顯著區(qū)別于本科生，即通過純粹的聯(lián)想或死記硬背以及練習(xí)來完成的低階段的學(xué)習(xí)；碩士生，即大量的知識(shí)積累卻缺

3、乏知識(shí)自身的相關(guān)邏輯，偏感性的、無意識(shí)的、非系統(tǒng)化的分析討論；以及其他兄弟院校的英語教學(xué)，具有武漢大學(xué)特色的博士研究生英語教學(xué)），提高學(xué)生的綜合分析能力，倡導(dǎo)英語學(xué)習(xí)的方法論，以期突破英語學(xué)習(xí)的瓶頸問題。知其然更力求知其所以然，強(qiáng)化實(shí)踐過程中的批判性思維能力（分析性、邏輯性、系統(tǒng)化）。四教學(xué)手段/方法以三位一體（角度的界定，文獻(xiàn)的摘錄，功能的區(qū)分）的訓(xùn)練方法完成對(duì)文本的解構(gòu)， 運(yùn)用批判性思維的分析能力，以期了解英美族人的思維方式即what to write， 組織布局即how to write和結(jié)構(gòu)功能即why to write。如下所示： PARAGRAPH PASSAGEperspecti

4、vekey word(s)structurewhat isthe point of viewwhat isthe informationwhat isthe functionHowto writewhatto writeWhyto write五教學(xué)內(nèi)容及計(jì)劃在一學(xué)期的課堂教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，重點(diǎn)比較，解析不同文章（分別為不同風(fēng)格的書籍、評(píng)論及演講的體裁，以及兼顧文理學(xué)科的有關(guān)計(jì)算機(jī)、經(jīng)濟(jì)與哲學(xué)的不同題材），通過異同點(diǎn)的比較，了解英美族人的共性的思維模式，透視寫作和口頭交際的實(shí)質(zhì)。同時(shí)輔以涉及文化背景的口語表達(dá)訓(xùn)練及寫作能力練習(xí)，幫助學(xué)生重新審視并總結(jié)自己的英語學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)程。六教學(xué)測(cè)試，評(píng)估及成績(jī)管理課堂教

5、學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用能力的提高，因此，在測(cè)試評(píng)估環(huán)節(jié)秉承這一要求，體現(xiàn)為強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀能動(dòng)性的寫作項(xiàng)和口語實(shí)踐項(xiàng)（缺一不可），而非客觀性的選項(xiàng)?？谡Z實(shí)踐項(xiàng)為學(xué)生自選，或?yàn)榻虒W(xué)中期的演講，或?yàn)榻虒W(xué)后期的小組討論/辯論。寫作項(xiàng)即筆試為課程測(cè)試（內(nèi)容及方法為課堂所授），而非入學(xué)式的水平測(cè)試，以適應(yīng)不同層次不同年齡不同水平的博士研究生學(xué)習(xí)。見下表：博 士 研 究 生 英 語 筆 試 模 式測(cè) 試 項(xiàng)百分比材料來源及要求 閱卷要求I. Documental AnalysisBlank-filling20%In the text bookCritical thinking understanding & analysis

6、以答案要點(diǎn)正確 為給分原則II. Article AnalysisChart-filling15%Beyond the text bookPattern of thinkingreceptive ability checking以單詞而非句子為單位答案合理即可給分III. Academic Writing More than 300 words25%one topicPattern of thinkingproductive ability checking 以 字?jǐn)?shù)-內(nèi)容- 結(jié)構(gòu)-邏輯-布局-表達(dá)為給分原則特點(diǎn)：及格容易，高分體現(xiàn)高水平，即保障與選拔原則：尊重試卷，尊重考生，公平，公正，經(jīng)得

7、起檢查。說明：突出“解構(gòu)產(chǎn)出”功能，彰顯應(yīng)用（思維-布局-表達(dá)）能力。成績(jī)構(gòu)成：總成績(jī) = 考試成績(jī)（70%）包括口語Oral（10%）和筆試Written（60% ）+ 隨堂及課外實(shí)踐活動(dòng)Assignment & Activity（30），其中Assignments & Activity 選擇性包括千字文章一篇，論文摘要一篇, 若干篇批判性思維寫作比較及課上討論）。成績(jī)記載為十級(jí)制即A+（96-100）A（90-95）A-（85-89）B+（80-84）B（75-79）B-（70-74）C+（67-69）C（63-66）C-（60-62）D（0-59）成績(jī)?yōu)檎咝柚匦拚n程。七教學(xué)要求在博士研究

8、生英語的教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，需要教師和學(xué)生更新傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)觀念，倡導(dǎo)教與學(xué)兩方面的互動(dòng)。教師方面：認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，不斷創(chuàng)新，具有前沿意識(shí)，善于啟發(fā)學(xué)生，培養(yǎng)并強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的綜合分析能力，提高學(xué)生的交際運(yùn)用能力。學(xué)生方面：勤于思考，勇于挑戰(zhàn)，大膽實(shí)踐，避免傳統(tǒng)而機(jī)械地死記硬背，更非被動(dòng)地一味接受。充分運(yùn)用批判性思維的分析能力，在更高層次上完善自我，即說出英美族人能聽懂的話，寫出英美報(bào)刊能接受的文章。八教學(xué)輔助與相關(guān)部門配合，提供課外第二課堂的輔助學(xué)習(xí)，如：在研究生院網(wǎng)站（）下載中心上提供可供下載的相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)資料（教學(xué)計(jì)劃，部分課外練習(xí)，參考譯文等）。 博士研究生英語教研室 2013年9月附：武 漢 大 學(xué)博士研究生英

9、語試題說明：1. 所有答案均寫在答題紙上。2. 用漢語正楷寫清自己的姓名、學(xué)號(hào)、所在院系及任課教師。 3. 考試時(shí)間為100分鐘。Part I Documental Analysis 20%Attention: Analyze the following paragraph according to the requirements of topic, perspective(aspect), method , skill, and questions.But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values an

10、d views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of po

11、werful insecticides-first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize-was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercuss

12、ions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and

13、 child abuse went up.Part II Article Analysis 15%Attention: Fill the chart according to the requirements based on your understanding of the following article.1. We live in times that are harsh but exciting, where everyone agrees that we are moving to a new level of civilization. Principles, values,

14、ways of life, will no longer be the same; but as yet we are not really ready for these changes; we are faced with inventing the future and also bringing it into operation, progressively; we make experiments and we frequently make mistakes; but we are beginning to know what we want when we talk of ju

15、stice, freedom and democracy. The scientific and technological community is directly involved in the questions that arise. Following those of our generation, the demands of your generation will continue until these aims have been at least partially achieved.2. The closeness of scientific problems to

16、 political problems is such that scientific workers are not, far from it, protected from socio-economic vicissitudes. So much so that they sometimes express the same needs as all other workers and join them in this context; but they also call for specific measures. Like everyone else we need freedom

17、 but we especially need freedom of expression for our scientific and technological ideas; we need this even if it is only to put them forward for criticism. We dont ask for any particular privilege but we would like the efforts made to be evaluated at their actual worth, in the interests of society.

18、 3. If our federation is so active in working for a statement of the rights and responsibilities of scientific workers, it is because we wish to resolve this problem in a way appropriate to most countries.4. So you will certainly play an important part in society, even if this is not always readily

19、recognized by society, because scientific and technological knowledge and expertise are the context in which future economic, social and political changes will take place. Whatever you do, you cannot ignore them and, whatever is said, society will not be able to ignore you. You will also have a deci

20、sive part to play, and perhaps an even more difficult one, in the scientific and technological community itself. The whole extension of this community and its interaction with society as a whole leads scientific workers to get involved in all political debates, crises and decisions. You will have to

21、 note the essential demands of science as such; it is not simply a matter of protecting society from unacceptable consequences; one must also protect scientific activity from political and financial meddling. 5. It is vital to safeguard the basic honesty of science, the honesty that is basic to its

22、method. Whenever, in the history of science, this honesty has been set aside, the consequences have been serious. I am not speaking merely of the suicide or disgrace of an individual but of the social and economic damage arising from such lapses. There are worse possibilities: at a time when problem

23、s are increasingly complex, with ever widening political implications, we need science to be technically dependable and socially credible. In a world of turbulence, sciences saving grace is not simply material but lies in its rationality. Part III Writing 25%Attention: Write an essay on the following topic with substantial evidence and good reasoning (e.g. in a linear way) in more than 300 words.How to Write English Well as a PhD Candidate - On My Class Experience院系： 學(xué)號(hào)： 姓名： 任課教師： 座位號(hào)： - 密 - 封 - 線 - - 密 - 封 - 線 -Achievement TestFor PhD. Candid