英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文范文2

1、exploring the principles of translation of company profiles1. contexts1.1 introduction of the source language textsthe texts of the translation pracice is selected from webpages of eight renowned dairy companies, including yili, mengniu, wondersun etc. these webpages are concerned with the backgroun

2、d information, including the establishment and development history; employees and structures; target customers; products and service; prospect and cooperation invitation. in these texts, there are accurate numbers and terminology, sprightly rhythms and ingenious rhetorical expressions. in adition, t

3、he texts bring information of the business information to readership in an endeavour to make an deep impression and agigate for a better sense identity and sale volume.with the acceleration of the global economic integration，more and more chinese companies have been aware of the importance and neces

4、sity of creating english web pages. the primary materials of translation from chinese to english are the company profiles. company profiles are the business cards of companies and windows through which it is convenient for customers to learn about companies. the translation quality of company profil

5、es determines whether the companies can draw the customers attention. however, because of the massive difference of the translators english proficiency, translation perspective, cultures, language use and cognitive modes, there are some mistakes caused by pragmatic failures, including sociopragmatic

6、 failure and pragmalinguistic failure (peter newmark, 1989: 23). these mistakes have a severe impact on the effect of target language. therefore, the translator chose company profiles for translation in an endeavor to explore the principles and strategies of translation of company profiles. categori

7、zed as a popular business practical wrting in style, the sl material disseminates and popularizes knowledge of science and technology in plain, vivid and clear language. also, a company profile is an information incited text in type. thus, the texts selected from the web pages are intended for the g

8、eneral public, and carry with them some culture-specific words. in spite of different companies, all the profiles are almost of the same genre, style and language register, making it possible a uniform interpretation of the original style and a coherent use of translation techniques in manipulating

9、the source texts.here are two typical excerpts from the source text:ex1: 香港明一國際集團(tuán)是集研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、營銷及服務(wù)于一體的大型國際企業(yè)集團(tuán)。在大陸擁有現(xiàn)代化的奶源基地、營養(yǎng)食品基地、乳制品生產(chǎn)基地，并擁有食品質(zhì)量檢測中心、食品科技研發(fā)中心，還擁有大型物流中心、客戶服務(wù)中心、員工培訓(xùn)中心。ex2: 面向未來，雅士利人正以嶄新的姿態(tài)站在新的起跑線上，高揚(yáng)“謀持續(xù)增長，創(chuàng)百年品牌”的鮮紅旗幟，以其雄厚的實(shí)力、創(chuàng)新的活力、文化的魅力展現(xiàn)在世人面前。the dual nature of the original texts is

10、clearly presented in the two paragraphs. in paragraph one, the explicit description and the technique that manifest the commercial nature of the text, showing an objective introduction, demonstrate the popular features of the text(in sentence 1). with concise, logical, compact and objective words an

11、d a lot of terminology, and simple present tense in grammar, the text achieves the informative function. also, in paragraph two, without any difficult terminology, the text introduces the bright future of the company (in sentence 2). the words are vivid, subjective and attractive, which can draw the

12、 customers attention. all these contribute to the vocative function of company profiles. it is popular in the chinese society but is rarely used by the western people. the above analysis boils down to the claim that the original text disseminates companies by using intelligible words, simple structu

13、res, sprightly rhythms and ingenious rhetorical devices. this deliberate style of writing aims to shorten the distance between the writer and the reader, and make companies more appealing and understandable to the ordinary people. indeed, freedom from abstruse commercial theories and laborious writi

14、ng style divorces this textual material from specialized product introduction articles, and can attract the majority of people from all walks of life.because of the features of the company profiles, meaning informative and vocative, several mistakes appear in the process of translation. firstly, imp

15、roper translation due to overdependence on the sl., including translationese and redundancy caused by translating word by word; secondly, mistranslation and undertransaltion caused by freedom from the sl; most importantly, sociapragmatic failure and pragmalinguistic failure caused by cultural differ

16、nces neglect.for reasons mentioned above, both the linguistic and cultural factors in translation will be focused on as well as the choice of translation strategies and examples offered.1.2 theoretical frameworktranslation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an

17、equivalent target-language text (wikipedia:translation). according to eugene a. nida, the renowned american translation theirist, “translating consists of the source language message, first in terms of language and secondly in terms of style” (1969/ 1982:12). this is called dynamic equivalence their

18、y. meanwhile, the successful translation should be according to the type of the texts.peter newmark, a great english translation theorist. he analyzed the translation of the three functional languages expressive, informative, and vocative (nida 1969/1982: 56). in general, company profiles cover back

19、ground information, employees and organization structures, customers and service, significant events and cooperation invitation. the first five items belongs to informative words and the last one belongs to the vocative words. a company profile is a way of marketing publicity, focusing on customers

20、(kolter, 2004). therefore, company profiles consider the target audience as primary element and are organized at the customer-centered concept . according to peter newmark, company profiles translation should follow the translation principles(1989:87): ideal style would be epected, which means the f

21、irst five items should be expressed objectively and concisely and the last item should be expressed in persuasive words; general, plain, specific and factual words are used; text emphasis should be the target audience; focus should be the potential audience; equivalent-effect method: factual mainly;

22、 unit of translation should be selected according to the situation. for the informative part, sentence should be selected as the largest unit, while the less informative one, paragraph should be selected as the unit; loss of meaning should be according to the cultural background; key words retain: t

23、oken words should be retain and explained; usual metaphors should be explained or recreated.considerring that the main purpose of translation of this genre is to increase the understanding between different cultures, it is justified to use the principles of peter newmark, icluding the ideal style, t

24、ext emphasis, equivalentce, flexible choice of unit, key word retain and usual explaining and recreation of metaphors, to get a natural translation of sl. 2. problems caused by linguistic factors and their coping strategieschinese and english are of the quite different kind of languge. chinese is a

25、kind of paratactic language, which is characterized by parataxis, which means several sentences with associative meaning can be connected by coma punctuations to form a compound one without any conjunctions under the inner logic. however, english is a kind of hypotactic language, which means its lin

26、king of linguistic elements of words, phrases and clauses is achieved by syntactic devices for over textual cohesion. this feature manifests itself in some long sentences with dense information realized in complicated structures. therefore, in the translation process, the translator was not carried

27、away by the original complex structure. instead, she saw through the internal logical connections of the sentence elements and conveyed the information in natural and authentic english. thus, to deal with c-e translation problems in linguistics, restructure of the sentence, change of order of words

28、and phrases and a clear subject should be considered.for instance, ex.1.平均每年70%的驚人增長速度，讓圣元這個(gè)年輕的品牌飛速闖進(jìn)中國嬰幼兒奶粉市場份額前三強(qiáng) (中華商業(yè)信息中心cic2008年5月份數(shù)據(jù)顯示，圣元在中國嬰幼兒奶粉市場份額達(dá)到10.66%，位居第二位)，營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)遍布全國30個(gè)省市的233個(gè)區(qū)縣。syut, an enterprise collecting r&d, producing, sales and consulting of infant dairy, had entered the top thr

29、ee in the chinese infant diary market share at the growth rate of 70%( data of cic in may, 2008 showed that syuts market share had reached 10.66, ranking as the second), since its establishment in olympic sailing city-qingdao in 1998. our marketing network covers 2336 counties scattering in 30 provi

30、nces and cities.in this long sentence, there are two subjects: “速度”and “營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)”. however, both the two word are mentioned to introduce syut. therefore, translator takes syut as subject of the first part and as the attribute in the second part. and then, translator takes time and other numbers as the a

31、dverbial. as a result, translator puts the fragment information in order and the version becomes much more coherent. ex.2.雅士利集團(tuán)從誕生之日起，秉承“以質(zhì)量求生存，以信譽(yù)求發(fā)展”的企業(yè)宗旨，一貫恪守“鑄造精品，倡導(dǎo)健康，持續(xù)改進(jìn)，滿意全球”的質(zhì)量方針，以“讓人類用上放心的健康食品”為己任，不停探索，不停追求，現(xiàn)已發(fā)展成為“中國食品安全十強(qiáng)企業(yè)”、“廣東省高新技術(shù)企業(yè)”、“廣東省百強(qiáng)民營企業(yè)”、“廣東省知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)優(yōu)勢企業(yè)”、“中國品牌建設(shè)十大杰出企業(yè)”。 yashili gr

32、oup strives for the survival by the quality, credibility and development since its birth and is committed to the quality policy of producing the best, advocating health, continuing improvement, and satisfying international markets. we take “to produce the safe food for human beings” as our commissio

33、n. with our continuous efforts, the group has developed into one of the top 10 enterprises of food safety in china, guangdong high-tech enterprises, top 100 private enterprise in guangdong, guangdong preponderant enterprise in intellectual property, ten outstanding brand-building enterprises in guan

34、gdong.in this sentence, there are only one subject-“雅士利”, however, there are three predicate verb-“秉承、恪守、以為己任、發(fā)展為” and even each verb has more than one object. to deal with it, translator replaces the subject by “we” and “the group”. the objects are connected by comma and some conjunctions. therefor

35、e, the version seems much coherent.ex.3.每一個(gè)產(chǎn)品都要經(jīng)過十幾道檢測關(guān)卡，以確保產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)和安全；公司投入千萬元巨資，建立起國內(nèi)一流的中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室，引進(jìn)了國際先進(jìn)的檢測設(shè)備，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)乳制品以及其它產(chǎn)品各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的全面檢驗(yàn)，嚴(yán)格保證產(chǎn)品符合各項(xiàng)營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)；集團(tuán)倡導(dǎo)“人才是我們最重要的資產(chǎn)”，大膽啟用人才，吸引了一大批善于經(jīng)營、精通管理的各類專業(yè)人才，聘請(qǐng)10多位著名營養(yǎng)專家和乳制品專家為技術(shù)顧問；建立一整套信息化管理系統(tǒng)，全面導(dǎo)入cis和“5s”管理模式，中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室順利通過國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室cnal認(rèn)證，獲得國家認(rèn)可委員會(huì)頒發(fā)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室認(rèn)可證書；同時(shí)，集團(tuán)分別通過iso90

36、01質(zhì)量管理體系、haccp食品安全管理體系、iso14001環(huán)境管理體系、ohsas18001職業(yè)健康安全管理體系和國家aaaa級(jí)企業(yè)良好行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等多項(xiàng)先進(jìn)管理體系認(rèn)證，各系列產(chǎn)品分別獲得qs食品質(zhì)量安全生產(chǎn)許可證。to guarantee quality and safety, we examine each product through over ten programs; we make great investment in building first-ranking central lab; to guarantee all products accorded with the

37、 indexes. we introduce the global advanced detection facilities to fully examine indexes of dairy and other products; we believe “ talent is our primary assets, attract a lot of skilled managers and specialists for business and engage about 10 famous nutritionist and dairy experts as our technical c

38、onsultant; we build a full set of dyx and introduce cis and 5s. our central lab has been approved by cnal, and got the certificate. in addition, yahshili has been approved by iso9001, haccp, iso4001, ohsas18001 and the national aaaa- level enterprise of good behavior standards. our products have won

39、 qs certificate.this part mainly introduces the equipments of the company. the repeated mention of the company may lead to a gap between the company and the audience. therefore, “we” becomes the only subject to narrow the gap. in addition, the part is divided into several small parts to introduce ea

40、ch one. ex.4.綠色奶源基地位于北緯4548之間，世界僅存的三大黑土帶之一，是國際公認(rèn)最適合養(yǎng)殖奶牛的天然牧場,水草茂盛，資源豐富，無任何污染！該地區(qū)牧場飼養(yǎng)的奶牛所產(chǎn)牛奶，營養(yǎng)豐富，脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)及微量元素等營養(yǎng)素含量綜合評(píng)價(jià)要略優(yōu)于其它地區(qū)。被業(yè)界稱之為生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)鮮牛奶的奶牛天堂。our green milk source base is located between 45n48n, which is among the only three black earth terrains in the world and is a natural pasture reputable f

41、or lush grasses, rich resources, and no pollution. the milk given by our dairy cow contains better fat, protein and microelement. therefore, it is credited as cows heaven producing high-quality fresh milk.this part can be divided into three parts according to the main points. there are three main po

42、ints-the base, the milk and the assessment on the base. the first two parts lead to the last conclusion. the less important parts are located as the attributive clause. the gap between the habitual expressions of chinese and english makes it impossible for the translator to achieve a good translatio

43、n if she follows exactly the original syntactic pattern. in c-e translation, a fragment chinese sentence with a large amount of information should be translated into a coherent english sentence with clause or conjunction or other connecting words to achieve a sensible flow of information. restructur

44、ing of the sentence, changing of order of words and phrases and a clear subject should be considered. just as professor li changshuan mains, “ the way to translatecomplicated sentence groups is to construe the structure of the sentence groups and then rebuild them” ( 2009).3. problems caused by cult

45、ural factors and their coping strategies3.1culture-unique wordsthe word that carries the meaning of a cultural trait particular to a certain socio-cultural community, that is, whose reference is a unique thing or conception, and therefore that has no corresponding equivalent in other communities, wh

46、en it is used in cross-cultural communication, is called cultural word. these words are produced by national psychology, customs, and social reform. for a company profile, culture-unique words are used quite frequently because it is also a way to publicize a culture. the full understanding of cultur

47、al words and the adoption of appropriate translation approaches in different situations are vital to achieve a faithful and natural translation. refer to five examples from the material:ex.1. 1998年，集產(chǎn)品研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、銷售、咨詢服務(wù)為一體的專業(yè)嬰幼兒乳品企業(yè)青島圣元乳業(yè)有限公司在美麗的奧運(yùn)之城青島誕生。syut, an enterprise collecting r&d, producing, sal

48、es and consulting of infant dairy , had entered the top three in the chinese infant diary market share at the growth rate of 70%( data of cic in may, 2008 showed that syuts market share had reached 10.66, ranking as the second), since its establishment in olympic sailing city-qingdao in 1998.“奧運(yùn)之城青島

49、” seems familiar to the source language audience. however, target audience may be confused with this phrase. so when translator translated it, she added the specific events held in qingdao and translated it as olympic sailing city-qingdao.ex.2. 2010年6月，隨著科技創(chuàng)新等方面的持續(xù)投入以及世博效應(yīng)的逐步釋放，伊利集團(tuán)的品牌價(jià)值在今年空前大漲，品牌價(jià)值

50、逼近300億元，輕松摘得了中國乳企品牌價(jià)值的“七連冠”。 our brand value surges unprecedentedly, nearly rmb 30 billion and ranked the first for successive seven years in chinas diary industry.“七連冠” is a popular noun phrase used in company profiles. if it is translated word for word as“ seven consecutive championships”，differen

51、t interpretations may be aroused. some will regard it as seven persons. therefore, to avoid misunderstanding, translator paraphrased it as ranked the first for successive seven years.ex.3.公司始終以“公司+農(nóng)戶”的產(chǎn)業(yè)化模式、依靠科技創(chuàng)新，實(shí)施名牌戰(zhàn)略，已發(fā)展成為農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化國家重點(diǎn)龍頭企業(yè)、陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化龍頭示范企業(yè)，跨入了全國乳品十強(qiáng)企業(yè)行列，并被國家有關(guān)部委認(rèn)定為“中國學(xué)生奶飲用奶定點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)”. we

52、 have evolved into the national key leading agricultural industrialization enterprise, shaanxi leading industrialized agricultural demonstration enterprise, one of the national top 10 dairy enterprise, designated milk production enterprise for chinese students.“龍頭企業(yè)” means the company plays a leadin

53、g role in the industry. however, in chinese culture, dragon means the leadership. however, in western culture, dragon means a monster. to avoid the change of the meaning, translator takes “l(fā)eading” instead of the metaphor. ex.4. 市委、市政府授予企業(yè)“納稅狀元單位”稱號(hào)，“經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展突出貢獻(xiàn)獎(jiǎng)”. the municipal committee and municip

54、al peoples government granted mengniu largest taxpayer and the outstanding contribution to rapid economic development.“狀元” means the person who does best in his profession. it is difficult for target audience to understand it if it is transliterated. largest taxpayer expresses the companys contribut

55、ion vividly.in the above examples, it is seen that the principles of peter newmark, icluding the ideal style, text emphasis, equivalentce, flexible choice of unit, key word retain and usual explaining and recreation of metaphors, to get a natural translation of sl can be used in various ways in orde

56、r to achieve a natural and equivalent version. 3.2idiomatic expressionsidiomatic expression, as a special form of language carrying one nations individualities with it, can be a real headache for translators sometimes. idomatic expressions are aften used in the concept, culture, prospect and aims in

57、 the company profiles. the words are quite subjective and agitated. the chinese idiomatic expressions achieve this effect by using intelligible word, simple structures, sprightly rhythms and ingenious rhetorical devices.but with an accurate comprehension of the meaning and implication of the given e

58、xpression in the original context, translators can do their best to retain its vividness and information in the language to be translated into. for instance, ex.1. 雅士利集團(tuán)從誕生之日起，秉承“以質(zhì)量求生存，以信譽(yù)求發(fā)展”的企業(yè)宗旨，一貫恪守“鑄造精品，倡導(dǎo)健康，持續(xù)改進(jìn)，滿意全球”的質(zhì)量方針，以“讓人類用上放心的健康食品”為己任，不停探索，不停追求，現(xiàn)已發(fā)展成為“中國食品安全十強(qiáng)企業(yè)”、“廣東省高新技術(shù)企業(yè)”、“廣東省百強(qiáng)民營企業(yè)

59、”、“廣東省知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)優(yōu)勢企業(yè)”、“中國品牌建設(shè)十大杰出企業(yè)”。 yashili group strives for the survival by the quality, credibility and development since its birth and is committed to the quality policy of producing the best, advocating health, continuing improvement, and satisfying international markets. we take “to produce the safe food for human beings” as our commission.in this sentence, “以質(zhì)量求生存，以信譽(yù)求發(fā)展” is the concept of the company with tidy syn