網(wǎng)頁制作外文翻譯

1、畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯學(xué) 院：物理科學(xué)與電子技術(shù)學(xué)院專 業(yè)：物理學(xué)（光電技術(shù)）姓 名：陳金學(xué) 號：11223112外文出處：website design and construction附 件：1、外文資料翻譯譯文；2、外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評語：陳金同學(xué)查閱的英文文獻與論文課題相近，符合論文外文資料翻譯要求，工作態(tài)度端正，英文翻譯較流暢，基本完成了翻譯任務(wù)。2015年4月16日簽名： 附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計與制作摘要 論文將對個人網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計與制作的方法、工具等展開研究和探討。在介紹網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計與制作語言的基礎(chǔ)上，著重使用javascript作為工具語言進行網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計與制作的實際操作，分別對基于對

2、象的javascript語言、內(nèi)部對象系統(tǒng)的使用及web頁面信息交互窗口和框架進行詳細描述，并利用具體的實例進行驗證。1.前言隨著21世紀的到來，人們更深切地感受到計算機在生活和工作中的作用越來越重要，越來越來的職業(yè)需要具有計算機的應(yīng)用技能。掌握計算機是職業(yè)的需要，更是事業(yè)發(fā)展的需要。網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計與制作是計算機能力的具體表現(xiàn)，本章主要介紹網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計的相關(guān)知識。1.1網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計概述網(wǎng)站是企業(yè)向用戶和網(wǎng)民提供信息(包括產(chǎn)品和服務(wù))的一種方式,是企業(yè)開展電子商務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和信息平臺，離開網(wǎng)站（或者只是利用第三方網(wǎng)站）去談電子商務(wù)是不可能的。企業(yè)的網(wǎng)址被稱為“網(wǎng)絡(luò)商標”，也是企業(yè)無形資產(chǎn)的組成部分，而網(wǎng)站是i

3、nternet上宣傳和反映企業(yè)形象和文化的重要窗口。1.2網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計的要素網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計的兩大要素是：整體風(fēng)格和色彩搭配。一、確定網(wǎng)站的整體風(fēng)格第二章html網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計技術(shù)的應(yīng)用2.1html語言介紹html（hypertextmark-uplanguage）即超文本標記語言或超文本鏈接標示語言，是目前網(wǎng)絡(luò)上應(yīng)用最為廣泛的語言，也是構(gòu)成網(wǎng)頁文檔的主要語言。html文本是由html命令組成的描述性文本，html命令可以說明文字、圖形、動畫、聲音、表格、鏈接等。html的結(jié)構(gòu)包括頭部（head）、主體（body）兩大部分，其中頭部描述瀏覽器所需的信息，而主體則包含所要說明的具體內(nèi)容。2.1.1html語言的

4、特點html文檔制作不是很復(fù)雜，且功能強大，支持不同數(shù)據(jù)格式的文件鑲?cè)?，這也是www盛行的原因之一，html語言的特點如下：1、簡易性，html版本升級采用超集方式，從而更加靈活方便。2、可擴展性，html語言的廣泛應(yīng)用帶來了加強功能，增加標識符等要求，html采取子類元素的方式，為系統(tǒng)擴展帶來保證。3、平臺無關(guān)性。雖然pc機大行其道，但使用mac等其他機器的大有人在，html可以使用在廣泛的平臺上，這也是www盛行的另一個原因。2.1.2html語言的編輯軟件html的本質(zhì)是文本，需要瀏覽器的解釋，html的編輯器大體可以分為三種：1、基本編輯軟件，使用windows自帶的記事本或?qū)懽职娑伎?/p>

5、以編寫，當(dāng)然，如果你用wps來編寫，也可以。不過存盤時請使用.htm或.html作為擴展名，這樣瀏覽器就可以解釋執(zhí)行了。2、半所見即所得軟件，這種軟件能大大提高開發(fā)效率，它可以使你在很短的時間內(nèi)做出homepage，且可以學(xué)習(xí)html，這種類型的軟件主要有hotdog，還有國產(chǎn)的軟件網(wǎng)頁作坊。3、所見即所得軟件，使用最廣泛的編輯器，完全可以一點不懂html的知識就可以做出網(wǎng)頁。第二章html網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計技術(shù)的應(yīng)用2.2.3javascript技術(shù)在網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計中應(yīng)用一、javascript概述javascript是一種基于對象(object)和事件驅(qū)動(eventdriven)并具有安全性能的腳本語言

6、。使用它的目的是與html超文本標記語言、java腳本語言（java小程序）一起實現(xiàn)在一個web頁面中鏈接多個對象，與web客戶交互作用。從而可以開發(fā)客戶端的應(yīng)用程序等。它是通過嵌入或調(diào)入在標準的html語言中實現(xiàn)的。它的出現(xiàn)彌補了html語言的缺陷，它是java與html折衷的選擇，具有以下幾個基本特點：1、是一種腳本編寫語言javascript是一種腳本語言，它采用小程序段的方式實現(xiàn)編程。像其它腳本語言一樣,javascript同樣已是一種解釋性語言,它提供了一個易的開發(fā)過程。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)形式與c、c+、vb、delphi十分類似。但它不像這些語言一樣，需要先編譯，而是在程序運行過程中被逐

7、行地解釋。它與html標識結(jié)合在一起，從而方便用戶的使用操作。2、基于對象的語言。javascript是一種基于對象的語言，同時以可以看作一種面向?qū)ο蟮?。這意味著它能運用自己已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建的對象。因此，許多功能可以來自于腳本環(huán)境中對象的方法與腳本的相互作用。3、簡單性javascript的簡單性主要體現(xiàn)在：首先它是一種基于java基本語句和控制流之上的簡單而緊湊的設(shè)計,從而對于學(xué)習(xí)java是一種非常好的過渡。其次它的變量類型是采用弱類型，并未使用嚴格的數(shù)據(jù)類型。4、安全性javascript是一種安全性語言，它不允許訪問本地的硬盤，并不能將數(shù)據(jù)存入到服務(wù)器上，不允許對網(wǎng)絡(luò)文檔進行修改和刪除，只能通過

8、瀏覽器實現(xiàn)信息瀏覽或動態(tài)交互。從而有效地防止數(shù)據(jù)的丟失。5、動態(tài)性的javascript是動態(tài)的，它可以直接對用戶或客戶輸入做出響應(yīng)，無須經(jīng)過web服務(wù)程序。它對用戶的反映響應(yīng)，是采用以事件驅(qū)動的方式進行的。所謂事件驅(qū)動，就是指在主頁(homepage)中執(zhí)行了某種操作所產(chǎn)生的動作，就稱為“事件”(event)。比如按下鼠標、移動窗口、選擇菜單等都可以視為事件。當(dāng)事件發(fā)生后，可能會引起相應(yīng)的事件響應(yīng)。6、跨平臺性javascript是依賴于瀏覽器本身，與操作環(huán)境無關(guān)，只要能運行瀏覽器的計算機，并支持javascript的瀏覽器就可正確執(zhí)行。從而實現(xiàn)了“編寫一次,走遍天下”的夢想。實際上java

9、script最杰出之處在于可以用很小的程序做大量的事。無須有高性能的電腦，軟件僅需一個字處理軟件及一瀏覽器，無須web服務(wù)器通道，通過自己的電腦即可完成所有的事情?？傊?，javascript是一種新的描述語言，它可以被箝入到html的文件之中。javascript語言可以做到回應(yīng)使用者的需求事件(如：form的輸入)，而不用任何的網(wǎng)路來回傳輸資料，所以當(dāng)一位使用者輸入一項資料時，它不用經(jīng)過傳給伺服端(server)處理，再傳回來的過程，而直接可以被客戶端(client)的應(yīng)用程式所處理。第三章web頁面信息的交互窗體與框架要實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)頁的動態(tài)交互，必須掌握有關(guān)窗體對象（form）和框架對象（fra

10、mes）更為復(fù)雜的知識。3.1窗體基礎(chǔ)知識窗體對象可以使設(shè)計人員能用窗體中不同的元素與客戶機用戶相交互，而用不著在之前首先進行數(shù)據(jù)輸入，就可以實現(xiàn)動態(tài)改變web文檔的行為。3.1.1窗體對象窗體（form）：它構(gòu)成了web頁面的基本元素。通常一個web頁面有一個窗體或幾個窗體，使用forms數(shù)組來實現(xiàn)不同窗體的訪問。3.1.2窗體對象的方法窗體對象的方法只有一個-submit()方法，該方法主要功用就是實現(xiàn)窗體信息的提交。3.1.3窗體對象的屬性窗體對象中的屬性主要包括以下：elementsnameactiontargetencodingmethod。除elements外，其它幾個均反映了窗體

11、中標識中相應(yīng)屬性的狀態(tài)，這通常是單個窗體標識；而elements常常是多個窗體元素值的數(shù)組。3.1.4訪問窗體對象在javascript中訪問窗體對象可由兩種方法實現(xiàn)：（1）通過訪問窗體在窗體對象的屬性中首先必須指定其窗體名，而后就可以通過下列標識訪問窗體如：document.mytable()。（2）通過數(shù)組來訪問窗體除了使用窗體名來訪問窗體外，還可以使用窗體對象數(shù)組來訪問窗體對象。但需要注意一點，因窗體對象是由瀏覽器環(huán)境的提供的，而瀏覽器環(huán)境所提供的數(shù)組下標是由0到n。3.1.5引用窗體的先決條件在javascript中要對窗體引用的條件是：必須先在頁面中用標識創(chuàng)建窗體，并將定義窗體部分放

12、在引用之前。3.2窗體中的基本元素窗體中的基本元素由按鈕、單選按鈕、復(fù)選按鈕、提交按鈕、重置按鈕、文本框等組成。在javascript中要訪問這些基本元素，必須通過對應(yīng)特定的窗體元素的數(shù)組下標或窗體元素名來實現(xiàn)。每一個元素主要是通過該元素的屬性或方法來引用。3.3框架框架frames最主要功用是分割視窗，使每個小視窗能顯示不同的html文件，不同框架之間可以互動(interact)，這就是說不同框架之間可以交換訊息與資料。例如:假設(shè)您開了兩個frames，第一個frame可顯示書的目錄，第二個frame則顯示章節(jié)的具體內(nèi)容?？蚣芸梢詫⑵聊环指畛刹煌膮^(qū)域，每個區(qū)域有自己的url，通過frame

13、s數(shù)組對象來實現(xiàn)不同框架的訪問。實際上框架對象本身也一類窗口，它繼承了窗口對象的所有特征，并擁有所有的屬性和方法。利用框架的例子具體說明3.4框架的訪問在前面我們介紹過使用document.forms實現(xiàn)單一窗體中不同元素的訪問。而要實現(xiàn)框架中多窗體的不同元素的訪問，則必須使用window對象中的frames屬性。frames屬性同樣也是一個數(shù)組，他在父框架集中為每一個子框架設(shè)有一項。3.5 本章小結(jié)本章主要介紹框架中的基本元素的主要功能和使用，利用javascript腳本可以非常方便、靈活地實現(xiàn)web頁面更為復(fù)雜的信息交互，這是html標識語言所不能具備的。從中可以了解到j(luò)avascript

14、是web涉及人員的良好工具。web design and productionsummarypapers will expand the personal web design and production methods, tools and other research and discussion. based on the introduction of web design and production of language, the emphasis on using the javascript language as a tool for the actual operati

15、on of web design and production of, respectively, based on the object of the javascript language, the use of internal object system and web pages of information exchange - windows and frameworks detailed description of the use of specific examples and verified.1. introductionwith the advent of the 2

16、1st century, people are more and more important to feel the life and work of the computers role in the increasingly professional needs to have a computer application skills deeply. is required to master the computer profession, but also career development needs. web design and production is a concre

17、te manifestation of the ability of a computer, this chapter introduces the relevant knowledge of web design.1.1 web design overviewwebsite is a way businesses and users to provide information (including products and services) to the user, is the enterprise e-commerce infrastructure and information p

18、latform, leave the site (or just use a third-party site) is not possible to talk about e-commerce . corporate web site called network brand, also part of intangible assets, and the site is an important window of publicity and reflect the corporate image and culture on the internet.web design element

19、s 1.2two elements of web design are: overall style and color matching. first, determine the overall style of the siteapplication chapter html web design technology2.1 html language descriptionhtml (hypertext mark-up language) ie, html, or hypertext markup language, is currently the most widely used

20、language network, but also constitute the primary language of the document pages.html text is composed by html commands descriptive text, html commands can explain text, graphics, animation, sound, tables, links, and so on. html structure includes a head (head), the specific content of the body (bod

21、y) into two parts, of which the head of the description of the browser you want, and the body contains the desired note.features 2.1.1 html languagehtml document production is not very complex and powerful, supporting different data file formats insert, which is one of the reasons for the prevalence

22、 of www, html language characteristics are as follows:1, simplicity, html version upgrade using a superset of the way, which is more flexible and convenient.2, scalability, widely used in html language brings to strengthen capabilities and increase identifiers and other requirements, html elements t

23、ake the form of a subclass, bring assurance system expansion.3, platform independence. while the pc is popular, but the use of mac and other machines out there, html can be used on a wide range of platforms, and this is another reason for the prevalence of www.2.1.2 html language editing softwarehtm

24、l is the essence of the text, you need to explain your browser, html editor can be roughly divided into three types: 1, the basic editing software, using windows notepad or write version can be written, of course, if you use wps to write, you can. however, please use .htm or .html as the extension,

25、so the browser can interpret save when executed.2, semi-wysiwyg software, which can greatly improve development efficiency, it can make you make a homepage in a very short period of time, and you can learn html, this type of software has hotdog, as well as domestic software web workshop.3, wysiwyg s

26、oftware, the most widely used editor, can understand a little html knowledge can make pages.application chapter html web design technology2.2.3 javascript technology in web designone, javascript overviewjavascript is an object-based (object) and event-driven (event driven) and safety performance hav

27、e scripting language. its purpose is to use html and html, java scripting language (java applet) link together to achieve multiple objects in a web page, the web client interactions. which can develop client applications. it is by embedding or transferred in standard html language implemented. it ap

28、pears to make up for the shortcomings of html language, which is a compromise choice for java and html, has the following basic characteristics:1, is a scripting languagejavascript is a scripting language, which uses a small way to block implementation of programming. like other scripting languages,

29、 javascript is an interpreted language is also, it provides an easy development process.its basic structure with c, c +, vb, delphi is very similar. but it is not like these languages, you need to compile, but is interpreted line by line in the program is running. it is combined with html markup, so

30、 as to facilitate the users operation.2, object-based language.javascript is an object-based language, but to be seen as an object-oriented. this means that it can use objects that they have created. therefore, many functions can be derived from the interaction of methods and scripts scripting envir

31、onment object.3. simplicitysimplicity is mainly reflected in javascript: first, it is a java basic statements and control flow above the simple and compact design based on order for java is a very good transition study. secondly, it is the use of weakly typed variable type, did not use strict data t

32、ypes.4, securityjavascript is a safe language, it does not allow access to the local hard disk, data can not be stored on the server, the network is not allowed to modify and delete documents, can only be achieved through a dynamic interactive information browsing or browser. thus effectively preven

33、t the loss of data.5, the dynamic nature ofjavascript is dynamic, it can respond directly to the user or customer input, without going through the web service program. it reflects the users response, is the use of event-driven manner. the so-called event-driven, meaning the implementation of certain

34、 actions arising from the action on the home page (home page), and is called the event (event). for example, pressing the mouse button, move the window, select the menu and so can be considered an event. when the event occurs, it may cause the appropriate incident response.6, cross-platformjavascrip

35、t is dependent on the browser itself, regardless of the operating environment, as long as the computer running the browser, and the browser supports javascript can be executed correctly. in order to achieve the write once, everywhere dream.in fact the most prominent place javascript program that can

36、 be used to do a lot of little things. no need to have a high-performance computers, software is only a word processing software and a browser without web server channels through their computer to complete everything.in short, javascript is a new description language, it can be among the clamp into

37、the html file. javascript language can be done to respond to the needs of the user event (such as: form input) without any network transfer data back and forth, so that when a user enters a material, it does not pass through the servo end (server ) processing, and transmits it back to the process, a

38、nd can be directly handled by the client (client) apps.chapter iii web page interaction information - forms and frameworkto achieve a dynamic interactive web pages, you must master the form object (form) and the frame object (frames) more complex knowledge.3.1 form basicsform object allows designers

39、 can form different elements interact with client users, and do not need to carry out before the first data entry, you can dynamically change the behavior of web documents.3.1.1 form objectform (form): it constitutes the basic element of a web page. usually a web page has a form or several forms, us

40、ing forms array to achieve different forms of access.methods 3.1.2 form objectthe method of the form object is only one -submit () method, which main function is to achieve a form of information submitted.3.1.3 form object propertiesform object properties include the following: elements name action

41、target encoding method. in addition elements addition, several other forms of state are reflected in the corresponding attribute identifier, which is usually a form of individual identification; and the array elements are often more than one form element values.3.1.4 access form objectaccess form ob

42、ject in javascript by two methods: (1) the form by visitingfirst, you must specify the name of the form in the property of a form object, and after you can access the form by following identifies as: document.mytable ().(2) to access the form by the arrayin addition to using the form name to access

43、the form, you can also use the form to access the form object array of objects. but note that, due to the form object is to provide a browser environment, and the array subscript browser environment provided is from 0 to n.3.1.5 references prerequisite formconditions in javascript want to form reference is: you must first create a form on the page to identify with, and forms part of the place before the reference definition.3.2 the basic elements of the formform the basic elements of the but