人教版必修五Unit 1 great scientists grammar學案.docx

unit 1 great scientists grammar學案語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.he became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.from the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.he was determined to find out why.he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london.he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.with this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)例句中的過去分詞(短語)作定語。(2)例句中為單個的過去分詞作定語，常常放于被修飾名詞的前面；例句中過去分詞短語作定語，常常放于被修飾名詞的后面。(3)例句中的過去分詞在句中作表語。一、過去分詞作定語1過去分詞作定語時的位置(1)前置定語一般情況下，單個過去分詞作前置定語，即放在所修飾詞之前。the polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 被污染的水造成了霍亂的傳播。the recovered animals will be released soon.痊愈的動物會很快被釋放。名師點津有些過去分詞表示特定含義時，單獨作定語也放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所給的)，concerned(有關(guān)的)等。there are few tigers left. it is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.剩余的老虎不多了，是相關(guān)當局采取措施保護它們免遭滅絕的時候了。如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no與thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等，單個分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。is there anything unsolved?還有什么沒解決的嗎？(2)后置定語過去分詞短語作定語時往往作后置定語，即放在所修飾詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。last tuesday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately (which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.上周二在一個山區(qū)，當雷擊發(fā)生時有173只羊即刻被雷電擊死。即時演練1(1)用所給詞的適當形式填空(2015新課標全國卷語法填空)the adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the pueblo indians of the american southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.the witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.(2)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換he is a teacher loved by his students. he is a teacher who_is_loved_by_his_students.the girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now.the girl, brought_up_by_her_uncle,_has begun to work now.2過去分詞作定語時的意義(1)及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上表示被動；在時間上，常表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，有時也不表示時間性。trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof. (表被動)卡車與公共汽車皆燒煤氣，煤氣裝在車頂上的大袋中。the plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon. (表被動和完成) 會上提出的計劃將很快被執(zhí)行。 (2)不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，它不表示被動意義，只強調(diào)動作完成。our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.上周我們已退休的足球教練去看我們打了一場比賽。the risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.早上已升起的太陽正明亮地閃耀。即時演練2選擇填空過去分詞作定語有三種情況：a只表被動b只表完成c既表被動又表完成請判斷下列句子中加黑部分屬于哪種情況america is a developed countrying._b_i found it hard to understand the english spoken by the native villagers._a_is there anything planned for the weekend？_c_3過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別意義形式語態(tài) 時態(tài)過去分詞被動完成現(xiàn)在分詞主動進行as we all know, china is a developing countrying.眾所周知，中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。the visitor came from a developed countrying. 這位游客來自于一個發(fā)達國家。即時演練3用分詞作定語補全句子even though it is still in summer, there_are_many_fallen_leaves on the ground.即使仍是夏天，地上有很多的落葉。nowadays there are a lot of manmade satellites flying_in_space. 如今在太空中有許許多多人造衛(wèi)星在飛行。4過去分詞(done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)(being done)與動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)(to be done)作定語的區(qū)別意義形式語態(tài)時態(tài)done被動完成being done被動進行to be done被動尚未發(fā)生the building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的樓是我們的教學樓。the building being built now is our classroom building.現(xiàn)在正在建造的樓是我們的教學樓。the building to be built next month is our classroom building.下個月將要建造的樓是我們的教學樓。即時演練4用所給詞的適當形式填空the cars being_sold (sell) at the market now are made in guangzhou.tsinghua university, founded (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2014北京高考改編)there are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.二、過去分詞作表語1過去分詞作表語的用法過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。he looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后，他顯得很憂慮。when we heard of it, we were deeply moved.當我們聽到這件事時，被深深地感動了。即時演練5(1)用所給詞的適當形式填空(2014廣東高考語法填空)we got a little sunburned/sunburnt_ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind. (2014安徽高考改編)while waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), henry did his best to perform his duty. (2)補全句子why do you always look_tired?你為什么總是看上去很疲勞？i was_disappointed at the film i saw last night. i had expected it to be better. 我對昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能好些。2過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時，強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)，而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強調(diào)動作。the cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))the cup was broken by tom.杯子是湯姆打破的。(被動語態(tài))即時演練6對比翻譯這本書寫得很好。the_book_is_well_written.這本書是他去年寫的。the_book_was_written_by_him_last_year.3感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別英語中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的及物動詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，即“令人有某種感覺的”，多用來修飾物；其過去分詞含有被動意義，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。常用的這類詞有：we were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我們對他在會上講的話很是驚訝。his words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.他的話令人泄氣，使得很多人灰心喪氣。即時演練7用所給詞的適當形式填空the frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.(frighten)the news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite)we all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.(encourage)the audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.(move).單句語法填空1(2015北京高考改編) the park was full of people, enjoying (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.2(2014浙江高考改編)amie salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed (appoint) to guard her. 3(2014重慶高考改編)the producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned (return) to our shop for quality problems. 4(2014新課標全國卷語法填空)there were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint). 5(2014福建高考改編)for those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected (connect). 6(2013湖南高考改編)you cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.7if you get lost (lose) in a strange place, youd better not move and wait for help there.8the puzzled expression on his face showed that the question was puzzling.(puzzle)9the student likes reading stories written (write) by mark twain.10many used (use) computers will be sold in this market.單句寫作1(2015福建高考書面表達)the moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never_get_discouraged_easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.故事的寓意是：盡最大努力獲取知識，不管情況多么艱難，都不要輕易失去信心。2(2015北京高考書面表達)if_you_are_interested_in_it,_let me know and ill send you more information.如果你對此感興趣，請告知我，我會給你發(fā)送更多信息。3(2014湖南高考書面表達)so excited_was_i that i couldnt wait to trying wearing them.我太激動了，迫不及待地想穿上它們。4(2014陜西高考書面表達)we are/feel_honoured to have you here in the middle of our english week activities.您能來參加我們的英語周活動，我們深感榮幸。5many of the traffic accidents caused_by_drunk_driving have brought about traffic jams, injuries and even death.許多醉酒駕駛引起的交通事故已經(jīng)造成了交通堵塞、受傷甚至死亡。6with reference to your_advertised_position,_i have the pleasure to say that i am the just person you are asking for.關(guān)于您做廣告的職位，我很高興地說，我就是那個您要找的人。7as for the phenomenon mentioned_above,_some people support it while others do not.關(guān)于上文提到的現(xiàn)象，有些人支持，而有些人反對。8the players selected_from_the_whole_countrying are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人們期待這些選自全國的運動員在夏季比賽中能給我們帶來榮耀。.語法填空a motto is a sentence or a phrase 1 can inspire us especially when we are 2 (face) with difficulties.