高一英語(yǔ)第一單元單詞.ppt

Unit1,Words and Expressions,survey: n . (C) (民意)調(diào)查 民意測(cè)驗(yàn)；概論 概述 make/do/carry out/conduct a survey of sth 調(diào)查（檢查）某事；對(duì)某事進(jìn)行調(diào)查（檢查） E：A recent survey showed 75%of those questioned were in favour of the plan. 最近的民意調(diào)查顯示，有75%的被調(diào)查對(duì)象支持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 Vt. 審視 查看 ； 對(duì)做民意調(diào)查 E：He surveyed himself in the mirror before going out. 出門前他對(duì)著鏡子把自己審視了一番。 We surveyed 500 smokers and found that over three quarters would like to give up smoking. 我們對(duì)500名吸煙者進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)超過(guò)四分之三的人 愿意戒煙。,2. add up:合計(jì) E： If we add up these marks, well get a total of 90. 如果我們把這些分?jǐn)?shù)加起來(lái)，總數(shù)就有九十分了。 add up中up為副詞賓語(yǔ)若為代詞 應(yīng)置于中間 例You havent added them up right.你沒(méi)有把它們加對(duì)。 add up to： 總和是，總共有，后常跟表示數(shù)字的詞 The money he spent added up to more than $1,000. 他花的錢加起來(lái)總共有一千多美元。 “表示”“意為著”的意思。 All the facts add up to thishe is a selfish man. 所有這些事實(shí)說(shuō)明一點(diǎn)他是一個(gè)自私自利的人。 add to：增加 增強(qiáng) 擴(kuò)建 This house has been added to from time to time. 這所房子曾經(jīng)一再的擴(kuò)建 addto把加到上,addto： You can add what I said just now to your report. 你可以把我剛才說(shuō)的那些話加到你的報(bào)告中。 If you add 5 to 5, you will get 10. 5加5等于10. She added some sugar to the tea.他加了一些糖到茶里。,注意：3加4等于7的表達(dá)： 1:Three add four makes seven. F 2:Add three to four and you get seven. T 3:Three added to four makes seven. T 4:Three and four makes seven. T,upset : 心灰意亂的 不安的 不適的；使不安，擾亂，推翻 adj be upset about/over sth 為某事煩心 be upset that 心煩 He was horribly upset over her illness. 他為她的病而憂心忡忡。 It upset sb that讓某人心煩的是 Vt It upset sb to do sth做某事使某人不快 It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it. 讓他不高興的是誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有把這件事告訴他。 It upset me to think of her all alone in that big house. 想到她孤身一人守著那套大房子，我就心中不快。,4. calm V&adj (使)平靜 （使）鎮(zhèn)靜 ；鎮(zhèn)靜的 搭配：calm down （vi） 平靜下來(lái) 鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái) calm sb/sth down (vt) 使某人（物）平靜下來(lái) He took a deep breath to calm himself down. 他深吸一口氣使自己平靜下來(lái) Ill go and calm your angry brother down. 我要去讓你那生氣的弟弟平靜下來(lái)。 The excited girl quickly calmed down. 那個(gè)激動(dòng)的女孩很快就平靜了下來(lái)。,have got to: 不得不 必須 We have got to wait until the rain stops. 我們不得不等雨停了 Have we got to get up early tomorrow? 我們明天必須早起么？,辨析：have got to, have to, must (1)都是“必須”的意思，have to和have got to 表示客觀上的 需要，must表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法，即主觀上的必要。 My brother was badly ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病的很重所以我不得不半夜把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。（客觀上需要做這件事） He says that they must work hard。 他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。（主觀上的看法）,（2）have to和have got to 有人稱 數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化， 而must沒(méi)有。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨天不得不照顧她妹妹。 （3）在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，dont have to 表示不必， mustnt表示禁止。 You dont have to drive so quickly. we have plenty of time. =You neednt drive so quickly. We have plenty of time. 你不必開(kāi)那么快。我們有好多時(shí)間。 You mustnt stay at home.你不可以呆在家里。,6.concern: vt (使)擔(dān)憂 涉及 關(guān)系到 be concerned about/for 關(guān)心掛念 We are all concerned about her safety. be concerned with 與有關(guān) This chapter is concerned with the mental health of old people. 這一章與老年人的精神健康有關(guān)。 be of concern to sb 令某人擔(dān)心的是，是某人所關(guān)心的 The rise in prices is of great concern to the government. 物價(jià)上漲是政府關(guān)心的一件大事。 be concerned in參與 (n)擔(dān)心 關(guān)注 (利害)關(guān)系 with concern 關(guān)切地 feel/show concern about/for sb/sth 擔(dān)心/關(guān)心/掛念某人/事 have no concern for sb/sth 毫不關(guān)心某人/事 have no concern with sb/sth與某人/某事無(wú)關(guān),7.go through: (1)experience 經(jīng)歷 經(jīng)受 He would go through fair and water for his country. 他愿為國(guó)家赴湯蹈火。 (2)Look at sth. carefully仔細(xì)檢查 審查 They went through our luggage. (3)Look through=read through/dip into 瀏覽 翻閱 We spend several days going through all books. (4)pass through通過(guò) 穿過(guò) The rope is too thick to go through the hole. 繩子太粗穿不過(guò)這個(gè)孔。 (5)Finish or complete sth 完成 做完 How long will it take you to go through the book? 看完這本書你得用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？,(6)Cost sth wholly or use up花完 用掉 Ive gone through all the envelopes I bought last week. 我已經(jīng)用完了上周買的所有信封。 (7)Discuss 討論 Lets go through the suggestion again. 讓我們?cè)儆懻撘幌逻@個(gè)建議。,go through,1.經(jīng)歷 經(jīng)受2.仔細(xì)檢查 審查3.瀏覽翻閱4通過(guò) 穿過(guò) 5完成做完6花完用掉7討論,We spend several days going through all books.,The rope is too thick to go through the hole.,Lets go through the suggestion again.,Ive gone through all the envelopes I bought last week,He would go through fair and water for his country.,They went through our luggage.,How long will it take you to go through the book?,3,4,7,6,1,2,5,8. set down (1)to write about sth. so that you have a record of it. 寫下 記下 He was asked to set down the facts. (2)制定 規(guī)定 This club rules are set down in its constitution. 俱樂(lè)部的規(guī)定都寫在章程里 (3)to stop a car, bus and allow someone to get out 將停下來(lái)讓乘客下車 The driver set her down at the station. 司機(jī)在車站停下車讓他下去。,set aside不顧 把置于一旁 set about著手做某事 set back使推遲 延誤 set forward提出 撥快 促進(jìn) set off 動(dòng)身 出發(fā) 引爆 set out出發(fā) 著手做 set up 豎起 創(chuàng)設(shè) 開(kāi)辦,9. a series of 一連串的 一系列的 一套 My father has recently bought a series of monkey stamps.我爸爸最近買了一套猴子的郵票。 注意：series 單復(fù)數(shù)同型作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)series單 復(fù)數(shù)概念決定，不根據(jù)of后面的名詞決定。 例：A series of lectures is scheduled. 一系列的講座已經(jīng)安排好了日程。 Two series of new stamps have come out. 已出了兩套新郵票。,10. on purpose 故意 有意地 特地 I think she lost the key on purpose. He went to town on purpose to sell one of paintings. 他為了賣自己的畫特地進(jìn)了城。 by design故意地 by accident 偶然地 by chance 偶然地 意外地,11. In order to 為了 目的是 He flew to Beijing in order to visit his teacher last week. 為了拜訪他的老師，他上周乘飛機(jī)去了北京。 In order for sb to do sth為了某人而做 I work hard in order for my son to go to college. 為了讓我兒子上大學(xué)我努力工作。 否定形式：in order not to do sth He started early in order not to be late. 為了不遲到他早早就動(dòng)身了。 They did anything in order to make money. In order to make money they did anything.,注意： to do, so as to do和in order to do都可以充當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)， 其中to do和in order to do放在句首和句中均可， 而so as to do只能放在句中，不能放在句首。 例:In order to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly. I put on my glasses so as to see it clearly. I put on my glasses to see it clearly. To see it clearly I put on my glasses.,12. at dusk 在黃昏時(shí)刻 He usually goes out for a walk at dusk. 他通常在黃昏時(shí)出去散步。 The lights go on at dusk. 一到黃昏燈就亮了。 at dusk在黃昏 -in the evening 在傍晚 at noon在正午-in the afternoon在下午 at dawn在黎明-in the morning在上午 at midnight在午夜-at night 在夜里,13.face to face 面對(duì)面的，在句中做狀語(yǔ) 常與with搭配 例:He came from face to face with death.他面臨死亡。 拓展： in a persons face 當(dāng)著某人的面 in（the）face of 面對(duì) 在面前 make face扮鬼臉 pull a long face 拉長(zhǎng)臉 They laughed at me in my face.他們當(dāng)面嘲笑我。 She was calm in the face of great danger. 大難臨頭他依舊保持冷靜。, heart to heart shoulder to shoulder back to back hand in hand arm in arm side in side step by step one by one,肩并肩地 背對(duì)背地 坦誠(chéng)地 臂挽臂地 逐步地 手拉手地 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地 并排地 并肩地, heart to heart shoulder to shoulder back to back hand in hand arm in arm side in side step by step one by one,坦誠(chéng)地 肩并肩地 背對(duì)背地 手拉手地 臂挽臂地 并排地 并肩地 逐步地 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地,14. no longer= not any longer 不再 He no longer lives here=He doesnt live any longer. 他不再住這兒了。 I can not wait any longer=I can no longer wait. 我不能再等了。,注意： Im no longer a child and Ill no more make such mistakes 我不再是個(gè)孩子 也不會(huì)再犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。 no more/not any more表示“不再” 強(qiáng)調(diào)頻率上不再重復(fù) 而no longer/notany longer 表示時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)。 Time lost will come no more 失去的時(shí)間不會(huì)復(fù)返。,15.settle: vi/vt 使 定居 安排 解決 Settle down：坐下來(lái) 定居下來(lái) 安頓下來(lái) She settled down to read her book.她坐下來(lái)看書。 Settle in 安頓下來(lái) I settled myself in the armchair我在扶手椅上坐了下來(lái) Settle up (with sb)付清欠款，結(jié)算 結(jié)賬,16.Suffer vt&vi (使)遭受 忍受 經(jīng)歷 These plant can not suffer a cold winter. 這些植物經(jīng)不住寒冷的冬天. The enemy suffered heavy losses. 敵人遭受了巨大的損失。,vi,Suffer,Suffer from患病， 遭受 ，因而受損失 He is suffering from a bad cold. Suffer for 為而痛苦 If you do it, youll suffer for it later. 如果你做那件事的話你以后會(huì)因此而受苦的。,注意：suffer 后面往往接表示痛苦 寒冷 饑餓 損失等的 名詞。Suffer from 后面常接表示疾病或造成不幸或痛苦的 事物的名詞。suffer from一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,練習(xí)：_from such heavy pollution already, it may be now too late to clean up the river. A Having suffered B suffering C to suffer D suffered,A,17. recover:,Vt&vi 復(fù)原 恢復(fù)常態(tài) Vt 找回 尋回 找到,recover sth找回某物 recover sth from sb/sp 從某人/某處找回某物,18.get/be tired of 對(duì)厭煩（精神上的厭煩） I am/get tired of all the arguments 我對(duì)所有的這些爭(zhēng)論煩透了。 get/be tired of doing sth 厭煩做某事 She got/was tired of hearing about their trip to India. 她聽(tīng)膩了他們的印度之行。,be tired out 精疲力竭的 be tired with/from 由于而疲倦的（指體力上的疲勞） 一言辨析： You may be tired with reading, but you should not be tired of it. 看書可能使你疲勞，但你不應(yīng)該對(duì)看書感到厭煩。 經(jīng)典回放： _and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top Mount Tai. A To be tired B Tired C Tiring D Being tired,B Tired,19. Pack (sth) up 將（東西）裝箱 打包，整理行裝 其中up是副詞，其后如果接名詞作賓語(yǔ)，則既可位于up 前也可位于up后，但如果接代詞作賓語(yǔ)，則必須位于up前. （機(jī)器等）停止工作，壞了 The fax machine has packed up again.傳真機(jī)又壞了。 停止 放棄 辭掉 What made you pack up a good job like that? 什么原因使你辭去了那么好的工作？,拓展： pack away (用后)收拾起來(lái)放好 把裝起來(lái) pack in 把擠在里面 pack up 停下來(lái) pack into sth 把某物擠入 塞入 Pack sth out 吸引（足夠的觀眾），使?jié)M座,20.get along with & get on with 與相處 進(jìn)展 The twins get alone very nicely with their classmates. 這對(duì)雙胞胎與同學(xué)們相處很融洽。 Im getting on well with my classmates. 我和同學(xué)們相處得很好。,拓展：get away get back get on get down get up get in get into get out get over,離開(kāi) 逃離 回來(lái) 歸來(lái) 上(車馬飛機(jī)) 相處 進(jìn)展 下來(lái) 取下 寫下 起床 站起來(lái) 打扮 裝飾 進(jìn)入 收集 收割莊稼 進(jìn)入陷入 出去（秘密等）泄露 被知道 爬過(guò) 越過(guò)克服超越,21. fall in love (with sb)=begin to be in love (with sb) What will he do if his daughter falls in love with a poor man? 要是他的女兒愛(ài)上了一個(gè)窮人，他該怎么辦？,fall in love with sb 愛(ài)上某人，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，屬于終止性動(dòng) 詞短語(yǔ)。在肯定的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子中，終止性動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ) 不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 be in love with sb 與某人相愛(ài) 表示狀態(tài)，屬于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,他們已經(jīng)相愛(ài)好多年了： They have fallen in love with each other for years. They have been in love with each other for years. They fell in love with each other years ago. It s years since they fell in love with each other.,F,T,T,T,一言辨義： We fell in love with each other at the first sight eight years ago, so we have been in love with each other for eight years. 8年前我們一見(jiàn)鐘情，所以我們相愛(ài)了8年。,22.disagree：vi 不同意 不符 不一致 disagree with sb/sth 不同意某人(意見(jiàn))/某事 disagree with sb on/about/over sth 就某事與某人意見(jiàn)不合 disagree with (doing) sth 不贊成(做某事) Even friends disagree so