2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能練21Greatscientists（含解析）新人教版.docx

課時(shí)提能練(二十一).閱讀理解A(2019桂林模擬)You may be familiar with the following famous people，but have you heard of their graduation speeches，in which they either share their unforgettable experiences or give you some great inspiration?Michael Dell，University of Texas at AustinAnd now youve accomplished something great and important here，and its time for you to move on to whats next.And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps.You must also commit to the adventure.Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge youve been blessed with and go.J.K.Rowling，Harvard UniversityHalf my lifetime ago，I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectations from my parents who were not rich.But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty，but failure.The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure.You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.Steve Jobs，Stanford UniversitySometimes lifes going to hit you in the head with a brick.Dont lose faith.Your work is going to fill a large part of your life，and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work，and the only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you havent found it yet，keep looking，and dont settle.Bill Gates，Harvard UniversityWe need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments，but for universities，smaller organizations，and even individuals to see problems，see approaches and deal with the worlds inequities(不公平) like hunger，poverty and so on.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四位世界著名人物的畢業(yè)演講，包括邁克爾戴爾、J.K.羅琳、史蒂夫喬布斯和比爾蓋茨。1What Michael Dell said is to urge us to _Alisten to our heart Blearn from our mistakesCfollow others example Dpursue our dreamsD推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Michael Dell”定位至第二段，由第二段第一句“And now youve accomplished something great and important here，and its time for you to move on to whats next”可知，邁克爾戴爾認(rèn)為畢業(yè)之時(shí)是繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的時(shí)候；根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“You must also commit to the adventure.Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge youve been blessed with and go”可知，他還鼓勵(lì)人們勇于探索冒險(xiǎn)，鼓足信心，用自己的技能和知識(shí)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)；據(jù)此可以判斷，邁克爾戴爾鼓勵(lì)人們追求自己的夢(mèng)想，故D項(xiàng)正確。2What did JK.Rowling fear most when she was studying in university?AFailure. BHunger.CPoverty. DParents expectations.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“J.K. Rowling”定位至第三段，根據(jù)第三段第二句“But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty，but failure”可知，J.K.羅琳在大學(xué)時(shí)最害怕的不是貧窮，而是失敗；故A項(xiàng)正確。3What does Bill Gates suggest people do?AMaster as much advanced technology as possible.BWork together to solve some global problems.CMake contributions to the environment.DTake responsibility for their own behavior.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Bill Gates”定位至第五段，根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，比爾蓋茨鼓勵(lì)人們協(xié)同工作，一起解決全球的饑餓、貧窮等不公平問題，故B項(xiàng)正確。B(2019昆明質(zhì)檢)Bats are the only mammals(哺乳動(dòng)物) that can fly a long distance，but they have another ability.Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size.European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long.They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.Last week，the group of scientists said they had discovered important biological qualities in some bat species.The group studied bat chromosomes(染色體)The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes.They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides.The scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down.They say this is what causes aging.The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species.The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years.Of these animals，the greater mouseeared bat generally lived an average of 37 years.The scientists said it had telomeres that did not shorten with age.Another Myotis hold the record for oldest age，reaching 41 years.The scientists findings suggest that these bats cells have the ability to keep and repair their telomeres.This，they said，helps guard against the aging process.Based on its body size，a bat like the greater mouseeared bat would be expected to live four years.But，these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that.The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered.18 of these are bats.The only exception is an unusual African rat.【語篇解讀】該文是一篇研究性實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告。歐洲研究人員通過研究蝙蝠來了解它們長(zhǎng)壽的原因。4What decides bats aging process according to the text?AThe length of telomeres.BThe body size of the bat.CThe types of chromosomes.DThe building of cells.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes.They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides.The scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down.They say this is what causes aging”可知，科學(xué)家們對(duì)連接到染色體末端的結(jié)構(gòu)最感興趣。它們被稱為端粒，每次細(xì)胞分裂時(shí)它會(huì)縮短?？茖W(xué)家們相信這個(gè)縮短的過程會(huì)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞分裂。他們說這是導(dǎo)致變老的原因，由此可知，端粒的長(zhǎng)度決定了蝙蝠變老的過程。故選A。5How long does a greater mouseeared bat generally live?A19 years. B37 years.C41 years.D60 years.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Of these animals，the greater mouseeared bat generally lived an average of 37 years”可知，在這些動(dòng)物中，通常大鼠耳蝠的平均壽命為37歲。故選B。6We can learn from the text that _Athe scientists have studied bats for more than six decadesB19 kinds of bats could live longer than humansCthe bats studied in the research are of the same speciesDresearchers focus on finding out why humans live longA推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species.The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years”可知，歐洲的研究人員研究了四種蝙蝠中的493只蝙蝠。該組研究人員使用了超過60年間收集的信息。故可推斷出選項(xiàng)A的表述“the scientists have studied bats for more than six decades(科學(xué)家們對(duì)蝙蝠進(jìn)行了60多年的研究)”是正確的。7In which column of a magazine can you read the text?ALifestyle. BBusiness.CScience.DFashion.C推理判斷題。本文是對(duì)蝙蝠長(zhǎng)壽原因的探究并且研究人員都是科學(xué)家，所以應(yīng)該是在雜志中科研方面的專欄，所以選項(xiàng)C是正確的。.完形填空(2019成都診斷)I asked my grandpa what it feels like to grow old.He took a sip of tea and _1_，“Have you ever been in a hot _2_ when the water ran _3_？”I told him I had.“Thats what _4_ feels like，”he said.“In the beginning of life，its like youre taking a hot shower._5_， the water is too warm，but you get used to the _6_ and begin enjoying it.When youre young，you think its going to be this way forever.But life goes on like this _7_”“You begin to _8_ it somewhere between your 40s and 50s.The water temperature drops just the slightest bit.Its almost unnoticeable，but you know it _9_You turn the faucet(水龍頭) up to stay warm.One day you realize the faucet cant go any _10_，and the temperature begins to dropthe warmth is leaving your _11_”“It feels rather _12_”Grandpa added.“The water is still _13_，but itll soon become cold and theres nothing you can do.I enjoyed my life because I satisfied myself _14_ the showers of my youth.”Later on that day，entering Grandpas living room，I noticed him _15_ in his chair with a blanket _16_ his legs；his eyelids closed.His chest was rising and falling _17_I decided not to disturb his sleep，hoping he was dreaming of his _18_，the enjoyment with family，the warmth of days gone by._19_，all of us should value those we love _20_ the water runs cold.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。爺爺形象生動(dòng)地以洗熱水澡為例，向我描述了人在逐漸變老過程中的感受，并表示他對(duì)自己青年時(shí)期感到很滿意。文章建議我們?cè)谧兝现耙湎覀兯鶒鄣囊磺小?A.asked Bcontinued Claughed DwhisperedAA項(xiàng)意為“問”；B項(xiàng)意為“繼續(xù)”；C項(xiàng)意為“大笑”；D項(xiàng)意為“低語”。根據(jù)后面的爺爺?shù)膯栐捒芍咎幨菭敔攩栁?。故選A。2A.river Bspring Cshower DpoolCA項(xiàng)意為“河流”；B項(xiàng)意為“泉”；C項(xiàng)意為“淋浴”；D項(xiàng)意為“游泳池”?！癮 hot spring”指的是溫泉，不符合語境。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，本處爺爺問我是否體驗(yàn)過洗熱水澡時(shí)水變涼(cold)的感受。下文出現(xiàn)的“a hot shower”是提示，故選C。3A.out Bcold Cwarm DdownB參見上題解析。下文出現(xiàn)的“water temperature drops”“cold”是提示，故選B。4A.desperation BageingCchildhood DhappinessB本處與開篇第一句話呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)講述的是變老(ageing)的感覺。故選B。5A.ObviouslyBGradually CAt first DFor certainCA項(xiàng)意為“明顯地”；B項(xiàng)意為“逐漸地”；C項(xiàng)意為“起初”；D項(xiàng)意為“確定”。根據(jù)語境可知，起初水太熱了。故選C。6A.speed Bheat Cquantity DqualityBA項(xiàng)意為“速度”；B項(xiàng)意為“熱，熱度”；C項(xiàng)意為“數(shù)量”；D項(xiàng)意為“質(zhì)量”。起初水太熱了，但是你習(xí)慣了這種熱度并開始喜歡這種熱度。故選B。7A.temporarilyBpermanently Cnaturally DfortunatelyAA項(xiàng)意為“暫時(shí)地”；B項(xiàng)意為“持久地”；C項(xiàng)意為“自然地”；D項(xiàng)意為“幸運(yùn)地”。但是生活只會(huì)暫時(shí)那樣。故選A。8A.touch Baccept Cfeel DignoreCA項(xiàng)意為“觸摸”；B項(xiàng)意為“接受”；C項(xiàng)意為“感覺”；D項(xiàng)意為“忽視”。大約四五十歲的時(shí)候開始感覺有變化。故選C。9A.happenedBdisappeared Cstopped DhurtAA項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)生”；B項(xiàng)意為“消失”；C項(xiàng)意為“停止”；D項(xiàng)意為“傷害”。它幾乎不被注意，但你知道它發(fā)生了。故選A。10A.looser Blower Chigher DfartherDA項(xiàng)意為“更松”；B項(xiàng)意為“更低”；C項(xiàng)意為“更高”；D項(xiàng)意為“更遠(yuǎn)，更進(jìn)一步”。根據(jù)語境可知，有一天你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)水龍頭開不了更大了。故選D。11A.body Broom Clife DlegsA根據(jù)空前的“溫度開始下降”可知，本處應(yīng)為“溫暖正在離開你的身體(body)”。故選A。12A.strange Bhe