高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)：八種狀語從句的用法

高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)：八種狀語從句的用法狀語從句狀語從句有時間、地點、原因、目的、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等八種。一、時間狀語從句：引導(dǎo)詞有after，before，as，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，assoonas，themoment/minute…(一…就)，thetime,theday,everytime,nexttime,eachtime，bythetimeof，nosooner…than(一…就)，hardly…when(一…就).例如：Each/Everytimehecomeshere,hewilldropinonme.每次他來這兒他都順便看我.HewasilllasttimeIsawhim.上次我見到他時他病了.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshecried.她一聽到這個消息就哭了.[辨析]when與whilewhen引導(dǎo)的從句動詞可以是延續(xù)性的或短暫性的，while引導(dǎo)的從句中動詞必須是延續(xù)性的;在“be…when…”句式中when表“atthattime(就在這時)”意，這樣用的when不能換為while;while有時并不表示時間，而表示對比，意“而”、“卻”，when無這樣的用法。例如：WhenIgothomeIfoundthedoorlocked./While(或When)wewereworkinginthefields,itsuddenlybegantorain./Hewaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenabikehithim./Hispencilisred,whilemineisyellow.[辨析]till與until一般情況下可以互換，但until可以位于句首，till則不能。例如：Untilitstopsraining，thechildrencantgoout.雨停了，孩子們才能出去.=Notuntiltherainstopscanthechildrengoout.二、地點狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有where，wherever.例如：Illgowhereverthepeoplewantmetogo.(wherever=toanyplacewhere)Heworkswherehisgrandfatherfought.(where=intheplacewhere)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where=Intheplacewhere)三、原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有because,since,as,now(that)(既然)回答以why提出的問題時，只能用because,而不能用as等。since=now(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明顯的原因，由此加以推論。例如：Nowthat/Sinceyouarefreetoday,youmayhavearestathomeorgooutforawalk.for是一個并列連詞，用來連接兩個并列句，引導(dǎo)的句子是對前面一句話的內(nèi)容的推測或補充說明。例如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet./Thedayhasbroken,forthebirdsaresinging.(這兩句中的for都不可換為because或as,since等。)四、目的狀語引導(dǎo)詞有sothat,inorderthat,that,incase(免得，以防)。目的狀語從句謂語常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情態(tài)動詞。例如：Heranasfastaspossibleinorderthathecouldcatchthebus./PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.請明天再提醒我一下，以免我忘記。五、方式(或比較)狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有as,asif,asthough,than,as/so…as,themore…themore.例如：Tomisnotso/astallasJohn./Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain./HerunsfasterthanI.注：as…as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。六、結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有so…that,such…that,sothat.例如：1.Heworkssohardthathemakesgreatprogressinhisstudies.2.Itssuchadifficultproblemthatnobodycanworkitout.3.TheresnotanynoiseheresothatIfeelverycomfortable.第3個例句中sothat從句不是目的狀語從句，從結(jié)構(gòu)上看沒有can,may等情態(tài)動詞，從意思上看Ifeelverycomfortalbe是Theresnotanynoise的結(jié)果.七、條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat,incase(如果)等，從句的時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(含現(xiàn)在完成時)，一般過去時(含過去完成時)分別代替一般將來時和過去將來時。例如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwontgothere./Hesaidhewouldnotgobackhomeunlesshehadachievedalot./Illstudysolongas.Imalive./Incasehecome,letmeknow.如果他來的話，告訴我一聲。If引導(dǎo)的條件句可以是真實性條件句，也可以是非真實性條件句(用于虛擬語氣)八、讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter+what/who/when/…等。例如：Though/Althoughheisill,hestillgoestoschool./Shestartedherexperiment,eventhoughshehadlittlemoney./Whateveryoufound,youmustturnitin./Howeverhardheworked,hehardlymadeanyprogress.as作“盡管”意時，一般將其句中的表語放在句首，例如：Youngasheis,heknowsalot.=Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.若表語為名詞，冠詞要省略，例如：Childas/thoughheis,hehasrememberedalotofEnglishwords.(此句中though不可換為although)although或though不能與but同時出現(xiàn)在一個復(fù)合句中，但是“Although/Though…，(and)yet…”句式卻是正確的。例如：Althoughitisrainingheavily,yettheyarerepairingthebridge.狀語從句考點分析1.IfyougotoXian,youwillfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly.(上海高考)A.supposingB.supposedC.tosupposeD.suppose析：than后實際上是一個比較狀語從句的省略式，其完整形式是thantheyarecommonlysupposed.所以答案為B.2.Wewontgiveupweshouldfailtentimes.(NMET)A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until析：觀察題干，空白處應(yīng)填一表“即使”之意的詞，故應(yīng)選A.3.-Whatwasthepartylike?-Wonderful.ItsyearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.(NMET)A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since析：答話者既然說“Wonderful”,那么后面的話必然是對此作進(jìn)一步的補充說明，只有選D項才能表達(dá)“我多年未曾這么開心過了”意思。注意這兒的since從句中謂語動詞enjoyed是延續(xù)動詞，該句相當(dāng)于Ihaventenjuedmyselfsomuchforyears.4.Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.(NMET)A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas析：ifnotbetterthan是插入語，可將其撇開，這時空白處要填aswellas才能與David相連接，D項在此不可用(so…as只能用于否定句)。A、C兩項皆少as，故答案為B。5.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,greatitis.(NMET)A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever析：觀察題目，可知空白處要填一詞與great合表“無論多大”意。而however=nomatterhow,與great一起正好表此意，其余項都不能表這意思。故答案為C。6.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyFatherwasawayinFrance.(NMET)A.asB.thatC.duringD.if析：首先可以排除C，因為during是介詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句。B項that,D項if都不能引導(dǎo)原因狀語，故只能選A、as表“因為”。7.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infactIwastalkingaboutmydanughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while析：空白處需填一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比的連詞，while可表“而”、“卻”意，故答案為D.8.IadmithisgoodpointsIcanseehisbadones.A.whenB.asC.whileD.before析：若選A、B或D，admit應(yīng)改為admitted，can應(yīng)改為could,因為when,as表示“當(dāng)…的時候”before表“在…之前”，通常涉及過去某時發(fā)生的動作、情況.此題選C，while在此不表“當(dāng)…的時候”意，而表“雖然、盡管”意。全句意思是“盡管我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點，我還是看到他的缺點”。狀語從句專練1.IgettoPairs,Illcallyouupattheairport.A.SinceB.WhileC.OnceD.Altough2.theheadmastercomes,wewontdiscussthisplan.A.UnlessB.IfnotC.ExceptD.Whether3.Billmusthavebeenawayfromtheoffice.howmanytimesIphonedhim,nobodyansweredit.A.WhateverB.NomatterC.InspiteofD.Though4.IhadbeentoBeijinglongyouvisitedit.A.beforeB.tillC.afterD.when5.,heisgoodatdrawing.A.TobeachildB.AchildasheisC.AsachildD.Childasheis6.Dontbediscouragedyouhavefallenbehindothers.A.whetherB.asifC.evenifD.however7.Wecangetthereontimethecardoesntbreakdown.A.whileB.aslongasC.sothatD.evenif8.Thevaseontheleftisthantheoneontheright,andnot.A.morenicer;soexpensiveB.muchmorebetter;asexpensiveC.nicer;asexpensiveD.better;suchexpensive9.Itwasntlonghejoinedthejob.A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.and10.Theseplanescanflythantheoldones.A.asfastthreetimesB.threetimesasfastC.threetimesfastD.threetimesfaster11.hadthebellrungthestudentstooktheirseats.A.Hardly;whenB.Nosooner;whenC.Hardly;thanD.Nosooner;then12.manytimes，buthestillcouldntunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold13.wehavecome,letsstayandenjoyit.A.ForB.AsC.BecauseD.Since14.Youdbetterdoyouarerequired.A.likeB.whichC.thatD.as15.thatnoneofuscouldfollowhim.A.HespokeveryfastB.SofasthespokeC.ToofasthespokeD.Sofastdidhespeak16.Illstartearly,itmaybedark.A.howeverB.whetherC.ifD.though17.thebabyfellasleeptheroom.A.After;didthemotherleaveB.Notuntil;didthemotherleaveC.Notuntil;themotherleftD.Soonafter;themotherhadleft18.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.AsD.While19.Hecanthavegoneout,thelightisstillon.A.becauseB.sinceC.asD.for20.IwaswalkingalongtheriverIheardacryforhelp.A.whileB.sinceC.whenD.as21.Weshouldntdothatdangerousexperimenttheteacheriswithas.A.ifnotB.ifC.unlessD.aslongas22.Hehaslittleeducationheisunabletofindajob.A.such;thatB.so;andC.so;thatD.such;and23.Thesoldierwaswounded，hepushedon.A.forB.andC.soD.yet24.Thefullletterreadsfollows.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which25.Willyougoourmotherlandneedsusmostaftergraduation?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.totheplacewhich26.Thisisarevisionpaper.Whenyoudoit,youdbettermakeamarkyouhavequestions.A.whereB.theplaceC.asifD.since27.Waterpowerstationarebuiltbigwaterfalls.A.wherethereareB.wheretherehaveC.whichhasD.whichare28.IamsureIllmeetkind-heartedmanIgo.A.whereB.totheplacewhereC.whereverD.theplace29.Sheissogoodatplayingtable-tennisthatshecanhittheballshewantsittogo.A.theplacewhereB.thatC.inwhichD.where30.Itwashismothercameintopreparehislessons.A.notuntil;didtheboybeginB.until;thattheboybeganC.until;didtheboybeginD.notuntil;thattheboybegan狀語從句專練答案：1-5CABAD6-10CBCBD11-15ACDDD16-20DBCDC21-25CCDBB26-30AACDD常用動詞搭配△含break詞組：1.breakawayfrom擺脫、逃掉、改掉、斷絕來往。例：Thelittleboybrokeawayfromhismotherandranaway.2.breakdown損壞、身體衰弱。例：Thecarbrokedown.3.breakin闖入、插嘴。vi.例：Dontbreakinwhenothersarespeaking.4.breakinto闖入、打斷，突然開始。例：Theybrokeintothehouse.5.breakout爆發(fā)、發(fā)生。例：Aquarrelbrokeoutbetweenthem.△含call詞組：1.callfor叫(某人)，接(某人)，要求、需要。例：Illcallforyoutomorrowmorning.2.callin召集、召來。例：Wedbettercallinadoctor.3.callon/upon訪問、探望(某人)、號召。例：Icalledonhimyesterday.4.callat訪問、探望(某處)。例：Ihopetocallatyourofficesomeday.5.callup給…打電話、使人想起。例：Thepicturecallsupscenesofmychildhood.△含catch詞組1.catch/take/getholdof握、抓住。例：Hecaughtholdofthepigsear.2.catchsightof=see看到、發(fā)現(xiàn)。例：Thelittlegirlcriedassoonasshecaughtsightofhermother.3.catchupwith趕上。例：Hetriedtocatchupwithhisclassmates.△含come詞組1.comealong一起來，來到、快點。例：Comealong,orwellbeeback回來，恢復(fù)知覺、復(fù)活、被回憶起來。例：Whenhecamebackhefoundhimeselftiedtoaedown下來，下降、跌價。例：Idontthinkthepriceofmeatwillein進(jìn)來。eon/upon快點、趕快、進(jìn)展、進(jìn)行、偶遇。6.comeout出來、出版。例：Themagazinecomesouteto到達(dá)、談到、涉及、合計、總計。8.comeup走過來、走近、長出、發(fā)芽。例：Theseedshasntcomeupyet.△cost，spend，pay，take1.cost句型：sth.costmoney/time;sth.costsb.time/money/勞力2.spend句型：表“花費時”：sb.spendtime/money