2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2部分人與社會(huì)主題群3歷史社會(huì)與文化主題語境2對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物教師用書教案

PAGE主題語境(二)對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物閱讀理解A(2024·浙江卷·A)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(識(shí)字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalfdozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent，ambition，energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了英國著名作家查爾斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英國文學(xué)中的地位的。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.”可知，那時(shí)印刷技術(shù)落后，人們識(shí)字率低，許多作品上沒有作者名字，小說被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透頂?shù)?。故選C項(xiàng)。]2．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliteratureD[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.”可知，把他從英國文學(xué)的名人堂移除就跟盧浮宮廉價(jià)出售《蒙娜麗莎》的感覺一樣，可見狄更斯在英國文學(xué)史上的重要性，由此可推知D項(xiàng)正確。]3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.A[寫作意圖題。依據(jù)文中對(duì)查爾斯·狄更斯及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的介紹和文章最終一句可知，本文寫于查爾斯·狄更斯誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀(jì)念查爾斯·狄更斯這位宏大的作家。]B(2024·全國卷Ⅰ·A)YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860－1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907－1964)Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO'Connor(1930－present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanRosaParks(1913－2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybus【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了不同領(lǐng)域的四位女性先驅(qū)。4．WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A．Hersocialwork.B．Herteachingskills.C．Hereffortstowinaprize.D．Hercommunitybackground.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)JaneAddams下的第一句話“AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.”(任何一個(gè)受到社會(huì)工作者幫助的人都要感謝JaneAddams)可知，在歷史上，JaneAddams因她的社會(huì)工作而出名，與A項(xiàng)相符。]5．WhatwasthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A．Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B．Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C．Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D．Thepoorfinancialconditions.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)SandraDayO'Connor下的第一句“WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool...”可知，她沒能在法律事務(wù)所找到工作，是因?yàn)樗且幻?，這與C項(xiàng)“對(duì)于女性的卑視”相符，故選C項(xiàng)。]6．Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU．S.?A．JaneAddams.B．RachelCarson.C．SandraDayO'Connor.D．RosaParks.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)RosaParks下的“...italsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.”可知，它導(dǎo)致了蒙哥馬利巴士抵制運(yùn)動(dòng)，這場運(yùn)動(dòng)持續(xù)了一年多，起先了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選D項(xiàng)。]7．Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A．Theyarehighlyeducated.B．Theyaretrulycreative.C．Theyarepioneers.D．Theyarepeace-lovers.C[推理推斷題。通讀全文可知這四位女性都是各自領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)者，都在各自領(lǐng)域作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，故選C項(xiàng)。]完形填空(2024·浙江卷)AliaBakerisalibrarianinIraq.Herlibraryusedtobea1placeforallwholovedbooksandlikedtoshareknowledge.They2variousmattersallovertheworld.Whenthewarwasnear,Aliawas3thatthefiresofwarwoulddestroythebooks,whicharemore4toherthanmountainsofgold.Thebooksareineverylanguage—newbooks,ancientbooks,5abookonthehistoryofIraqShehadaskedthegovernmentfor6tomovethebookstoa7place,buttheyrefused.SoAliatookmattersintoherownhands.8，shebroughtbookshomeeverynight,9hercarlateafterwork.Herfriendscameto10herwhenthewarbrokeout.Aniswhoownedarestaurant11tohidesomebooks.Allthroughthe12，Alia,Anis,hisbrothersandneighbourstookthebooksfromthelibrary,13themovertheseven-footwalland14themintherestaurant.Thebooksstayedhiddenasthewar15.Thenninedayslater,afireburnedthe16totheground.Oneday,thebombingstoppedandthe17left.Butthewarwasnotoveryet.Aliaknewthatifthebooksweretobesafe,theymustbe18againwhilethecitywas19.Soshehiredatrucktobringallthebookstothehousesoffriendsinthesuburbs(郊區(qū)).NowAliawaitedforthewartoendand20peaceandanewlibrary.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講解并描述了在戰(zhàn)火中，艾麗婭·貝克和身邊的人英勇地愛護(hù)書籍的故事。1．A.meeting B．workingC．personal D．religiousA[依據(jù)下文可知，愛書人士常常到艾麗婭的圖書館看書、共享學(xué)問，對(duì)于這些人來說，該圖書館是一個(gè)聚會(huì)處，故選meeting。]2．A.raised B．handledC．reported D．discussedD[結(jié)合語境可知，他們?cè)谶@里探討全世界各種各樣的事情，故選discussed。]3．A.worried B．a(chǎn)ngryC．doubtful D．curiousA[依據(jù)上文提到的斗爭即將來臨，以及下文提到的艾麗婭和身邊的人愛護(hù)圖書館書籍的內(nèi)容可知，此處指艾麗婭很擔(dān)憂書籍在戰(zhàn)火中被毀掉，故選worried。]4．A.practical B．preciousC．reliable D．expensiveB[依據(jù)語境及下文的“mountainsofgold”可知，艾麗婭認(rèn)為這些書比金山還要寶貴，故選precious。]5．A.then B．stillC．even D．ratherC[空處上下文在語義上表示遞進(jìn)，指甚至(even)還有700年前的有關(guān)伊拉克歷史的書籍。]6．A.permission B．confirmationC．explanation D．informationA[依據(jù)語境可知，她希望得到政府的允許(permission)把書搬到平安的(safe)地方，但他們拒絕了。asksb.forpermission表示“懇求某人的許可”，符合語境。]7．A.large B．publicC．distant D．safeD[參見上題解析。]8．A.Fortunately B．SurprisinglyC．Seriously D．SecretlyD[依據(jù)語境可知，每晚很晚下班后，艾麗婭偷偷地把書帶回家。secretly“隱私地，偷偷地”，符合語境。]9．A.starting B．parkingC．filling D．testingC[依據(jù)上下文語境及空后的“hercar”可知，艾麗婭把書裝到她的汽車?yán)镞\(yùn)回家。]10．A.stop B．helpC．warn D．rescueB[依據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，斗爭爆發(fā)后，她的摯友們也趕來幫助(help)她。]11．A.intended B．pretendedC．happened D．a(chǎn)greedD[依據(jù)下文可知，安尼斯同意把一些書藏在自己的餐館里，agreetodo...表示“同意做……”。]12．A.war B．nightC．building D．wayB[依據(jù)語境可知，他們整晚都在從圖書館里搬書，這也照應(yīng)了上文中的“everynight”。]13．A.put B．openedC．passed D．threwC[依據(jù)上下文可知，他們要把書遞過(passed)7英尺的高墻，并把它們藏在(hide)餐館里。]14．A.hid B．exchangedC．burnt D．distributedA[參見上題解析。]15．A.approached B．eruptedC．continued D．endedC[依據(jù)語境及上文中的“thewarbrokeout”可知，斗爭還在接著(continued)。]16．A.restaurant B．libraryC．city D．wallB[依據(jù)語境及下文中的“anewlibrary”可知，圖書館被全部焚毀了，故選library。]17．A.neighbours B．soldiersC．friends D．customersB[一天，轟炸停止了，士兵們也離開了，所以選soldiers。]18．A.sold B．readC．saved D．movedD[依據(jù)下文可知，艾麗婭知道，盡管城市是寧靜的(quiet)，假如要想這些書平安，他們必需把這些書再轉(zhuǎn)移(moved)出去。]19．A.occupied B．bombedC．quiet D．busyC[參見上題解析。]20．A.dreamedof B．believedinC．caredabout D．lookedforA[依據(jù)語境可知，艾麗婭等待著斗爭的結(jié)束，幻想著(擁有)和平和一個(gè)新圖書館。]語法填空(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for1.________(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2.________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave3.________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene4.________(declare)shehadnoplans5.________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI6.________(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,7.________becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall8.________(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas9.________joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's10.________(wonder)．”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。介紹了一位90歲的英國女性仍舊堅(jiān)持每周工作40個(gè)小時(shí)而獲得“年度女性獎(jiǎng)”的事跡。語篇以主動(dòng)工作為切入點(diǎn)，宣揚(yáng)勞動(dòng)精神，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生培育勞動(dòng)意識(shí)。1．being[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。介詞for后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用其動(dòng)名詞形式。]2．which[考查非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語從句，thepetshop是先行詞，定語從句中缺少opened的賓語，故用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。]3．finally[考查副詞。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞acknowledge。]4．declared[考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞；結(jié)合后面的had可知，此處應(yīng)運(yùn)用一般過去時(shí)。]5．toretire[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處用不定式短語作plans的后置定語，表示“她沒有退休的支配”。]6．havemade[考查時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)空格后的時(shí)間狀語overtheyears可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。]7．but[考查連詞。not...but...不是……而是……。句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲冶匦韫ぷ?，而是因?yàn)槲蚁牍ぷ?。]8．saying[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。say與前面的acall之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying，現(xiàn)在分詞短語saying...作后置定語，修飾acall。]9．a(chǎn)[考查冠詞。joke“笑話，玩笑”，是可數(shù)名詞?？崭窈笥昧藛螖?shù)joke，故其前用a。]10．wonderful[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞變形容詞)。系動(dòng)詞is后面跟形容詞作表語。wonder對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞是wonderful。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1．professionallyadv.專業(yè)地2．fictionn.小說；虛構(gòu)出來的事3．mournv.哀痛；哀悼4．belovedadj.被寵愛的5．readershipn.讀者人數(shù)；讀者群6．touchstonen.試金石7．unchallengedadj.不成問題的8．distinguishedadj.杰出的；卓越的9．a(chǎn)nniversaryn.周年紀(jì)念(日)10．sheltern.遮擋物；棲身之地11．decidingadj.起確定作用的12．boycottn.聯(lián)合抵制13．backgroundn.背景14．discriminationn.卑視15．religiousadj.宗教的16．confirmationn.證明；確認(rèn)17．distributev.安排；分發(fā)18．customern.顧客19．short-listedadj.列入入圍名單的Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1．socialadj.社會(huì)的2．energyn.能量；活力3．movementn.運(yùn)動(dòng)4．practicaladj.好用的5．preciousadj.寶貴的6．a(chǎn)chievementn.成就7．officialadj.正式的；正式的Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．moraladj.道德的→immoraladj.非道德的2．publishv.出版→publicationn.出版→publishern.出版商3．politicsn.政治→politicaladj.政治的4．sciencen.科學(xué)→scientificadj.科學(xué)的5．pollutev.污染→pollutionn.污染6．harmn.&v.損害→harmfuladj.有害的7．relyv.信任→reliableadj.牢靠的；可信任的8．explainv.說明→explanationn.說明9．wondern.奇跡；驚異→wonderfuladj.極好的；精彩的Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習(xí)語1．for_the_most_part大部分；多半2．be_looked_upon_as被看作3．set_off引燃；引起4．break_out爆發(fā)5．burn_..._to_the_ground把……燒成平地[即時(shí)演練]單句語法填空1．Infact,smokingisabadhabit,whichisharmful(harm)topeople'shealth.2．Ifyoudropalightedcigaretteinthewood,youcouldsetoffabigfire.3．Hisfirstbookwas_published(publish)lastyearanditturnedouttobeabest-seller.4．Heisnotareliable(rely)person,forhenevercarriesouthispromises.5．SummersinthesouthofFranceareforthemostpartdryandsunny.6．Manypeopleinthevillagefellillbecauseofdrinkingthepolluted(pollute)water.7．Eveninhislateyearsoflife,theoldmanisstilldoingscientific(science)research.8．Severalhouseshavebeenburnedtothegroundwhentheblazeisputout.9．Thehighofficialwasforcedtoresignbecauseofhisimmoral(moral)conduct.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1．Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.完全；簡直2．In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.驟增3．HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.使陷入Ⅱ.似易實(shí)難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1．It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.[譯文]狄更斯的寫作風(fēng)格吸引了來自各行各業(yè)的讀者，這在確定程度上來說是正確的；部分緣由是他的著作掀起了社會(huì)、政治和科學(xué)進(jìn)步的浪潮。2．Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.[譯文]但是后來我們收到了一封公函，令我們大為驚異。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1．In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher是主句，who和whose分別引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞firstprofessionalwriterandpublisher。[譯文]1870年狄更斯去世，全世界都沉痛悼念這個(gè)世界上第一位職業(yè)作家和出版商，他聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)而且受人愛戴，他使小說的出版數(shù)量和讀者人數(shù)急劇增加，他小說中的主子公——從奧利弗·_特維斯特到小蒂姆——被視為道德的試金石。2．Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。要留意as引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，而主句中andimportantforourownculture是插入語。[譯文]但是在狄更斯200周年誕辰之際，我們自己的文化有可能，也須要去弄明白他永恒歷史的緣由。3．Whenthewarwasnear,Aliawasworriedthatthefiresofwarwoulddestroythebooks,whicharemoreprecioustoherthanmountainsofgold.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Whenthewarwasnear是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，thatthefiresofwarwoulddestroythebooks是wasworried的賓語從句，whicharemoreprecioustoherthanmountainsofgold是非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞thebooks。[譯文]斗爭接近時(shí)，艾麗婭很擔(dān)憂戰(zhàn)火會(huì)毀了這些書，對(duì)她來說，這些書比金山還要寶貴。4．GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞GranddaughterGayleParks，said后是省略that的賓語從句，whonominatedIrenefortheaward作asto的賓語。[譯文]31歲的孫女蓋爾·帕克斯與艾琳一起在自己家的寵物店里工作。她說，至于誰提名艾琳獲獎(jiǎng)，目前尚不得而知。1．removev.遷移，搬遷；脫掉，摘掉；開除；消退[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中remove的含義①Someofthemarebeingremovedandsomearebeingputintomuseums.遷移，搬遷②ItisacustomamongtheJapanesetoremovetheirfootwearbeforeenteringahouse.脫掉，摘掉③AsfarasIknow,threechildrenwereremovedfromschoolforbadbehaviour.開除remove...from...把……從……移開removefrom...to...從……搬遷到……removesb.fromschool/office開除/撤職某人removepovertyandinjustice消退貧困和不公beremovedfromoffice被罷撤職務(wù)withthemisunderstandingremoved隨著誤會(huì)被消退[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Teenagersshouldn'tbe_removed(remove)fromschoolalthoughtheydon'tdowellinstudies.②Willyoupleaseremoveyourhandbagfromtheseat?③Themisunderstandingbeing_removed(remove)thetwoboymadeupagain.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子由于空氣污染嚴(yán)峻，這家人確定從城市搬到鄉(xiāng)下。Becauseoftheseriousairpollution,thefamilydecidedtoremove_from_the_city_to_the_countryside.2．sensen.感覺；意義v.感覺到(1)asenseof...……的感覺inasense在某一方面；就某種意義來講innosense決不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)(2)makesense有意義；有道理；講得通，可理解makesenseof了解……的意義；懂得(3)Itmakessensetodosth.做某事是有意義的Thereisnosensein(doing)sth.做某事是沒有道理/意義的。haveagoodsenseofhumour很有幽默感g(shù)ivemeasenseofgreatachievement給我巨大的成就感trytomakesenseofwhatwasgoingonoutside努力弄清外面出了什么事[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Onlythosewhohaveasenseofresponsibilitycanholdsuchanimportantposition.②OnlyafterIreadthepoemasecondtimedidImakesenseofit.③Thereisnosenseinpretendingtoknowwhatyouactuallydon'tknow.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯埋怨是沒有意義的，我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)行行動(dòng)了。①Itdoesn't_make_sensetocomplain.Weshouldtakeactionnow.②There_is_no_senseincomplaining.Weshouldtakeactionnow.3．mixv.使混合；使結(jié)合；相融合(1)mix...with/and...把……和……混合mixwithsb.與某人交往mixup混合，摻和；混淆(2)mixedadj.混合的mixturen.混合物mixredpaintwithyellowpainttomakeorangepaint把紅色和黃色涂料混合成橙色涂料getmixedupinafightwithanotherplayer卷進(jìn)了與另一位球員的斗毆amixtureofChinesetraditionwithwesternstyle中國傳統(tǒng)與西方風(fēng)格的融合[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①HeisfamousformixingChinesemusicaltraditionswith/andwesternformsandinstrumentation.②Helookedatherwithamixture(mix)ofamusementandhappiness.③ImustadmitthatIhavemixed(mix)feelingsaboutmynewdeskmate.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子我認(rèn)為保持年輕的秘訣就是與年輕人交往。Ithinkthesecretofstayingyoungisto_mix_withyoungerpeople.4．dangern.危急；危急的人或物(1)indanger處于危急之中indangerof有……的危急outofdanger脫離危急(2)dangerousadj.危急的endangerv.危及；危害；使遭遇危急endangeredadj.瀕危的adangertothepublic對(duì)大眾來說是個(gè)危急indangeroflosinghisjob他有失去工作的危急stopillegaltradeinendangeredanimals阻擋瀕危動(dòng)物的非法交易[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Peoplewhodrinkanddriveareadangerbothtothemselvesandtoothers.②Tigersaredangerous(danger)toman,buttheyareindangerofdyingoutnow.③Theoperationwasasuccessandsheisnowoutofdanger.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯的確到了我們實(shí)行措施愛護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物的時(shí)候了。①It'stimeforusto_take_measures_to_protect_endangered_animals.②It'stimethatwe_took_measures_to_protect_endangered_animals.5．pretendv.假裝；佯作pretendeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(tobe＋n./adj.假裝是……,todosth.假裝做某事,tobedoingsth.假裝正在做某事,tohavedonesth.假裝已經(jīng)做過某事,that...假裝……))pretendtobeangry假裝生氣pretendtobedoinghishomework他假裝正在做作業(yè)pretendtohaveknowntheanswertotheproblem假裝已經(jīng)知道了那道題的答案[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Ifyoupretendto_know(know)whatyoudon'tknow,you'llonlymakeafoolofyourself.②Hepretendedto_be_reading(read)animportantpaperwhenthebosscamein.③Theboypretendednothinghad_happened(happen)afterbreakingthewindow.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子他們很快就識(shí)破了那個(gè)騙子，那人偽裝成該領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)專家。Itdidn'ttakelongforthemtoseethroughthecheat,who_pretended_to_be_an_expert_in_this_area.(定語從句)6．exchangevt.&n.交換；兌換(1)exchangesth.forsth.以……換取……exchangesth.withsb.與某人交換……(2)inexchangefor作為……的交換(3)exchangeableadj.可交換/兌換的anexchangestudentfromChina一名來自中國的交換生exchangeaquicksmilewithher與她會(huì)意一笑oftenexchangeideaswithourparents常常與我們的父母溝通想法[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Attheendofthegame,playerstraditionallyexchangeshirtswitheachother.②Theotherday,Iexchangedthatpairoftrousersforalargesize.③Itisillegalforapublicofficialtoaskpeopleforgiftsormoneyintheexchangeforfavorstothem.[實(shí)力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：I'veofferedtopaintthekitchentoexchangeaweek'saccommodation.高級(jí)表達(dá)：I'veofferedtopaintthekitchenin_exchange_foraweek'saccommodation.(exchangen．)7．a(chǎn)cknowledgev.承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為；感謝；告知收到[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中acknowledge的含義①Theboyacknowledgedusinghermobilephone,butsaidhereturnedittoher.承認(rèn)②I'mgoingtoinviteyoutodinnerwithmetoacknowledgeyourfavor.感謝③Thearmysentmeapostcardacknowledgingmyrequest.告知收到④Almostallthepeoplepresentacknowledgedthathewasinnocent.認(rèn)為acknowledgedoingsth.承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledge...as.../tobe...認(rèn)為……是……(常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))Itiswidely/universallyacknowledgedthat...大家公認(rèn)……refusetoacknowledgebeingdefeated拒絕承認(rèn)被戰(zhàn)勝beacknowledgedtobeamasterofPekingOpera被認(rèn)為是京劇大師beacknowledgedasamust-seetouristattractioninChina被認(rèn)為是中國的一個(gè)必看景點(diǎn)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing(steal)thelady'spurse.②MarkTwainisacknowledgedto_be(be)oneofthebestwritersinAmerica.③Thefirststeptoknowledgeisto_acknowledge(acknowledge)thatweareignorant.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子大家一樣認(rèn)為除非我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)污染更少的世界，否則我們不行能看到更藍(lán)的天空。It_is_widely/universally_acknowledged_thatwecanneverexpectabluerskyunlesswecreatealesspollutedworld.1．Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.沒有人會(huì)知道才能、雄心、干勁和運(yùn)氣的組合使得狄更斯成為這樣一位令人敬重的作家。[句型公式]Noonewilleverknow為全部否定。(1)英語中的no,noone,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,nowhere等表示否定意義的詞與確定式謂語一起運(yùn)用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。(2)英語中的all,both,every,everybody,everything,always,whole,entirely等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Asamatteroffact,noneofuscanlivealoneinsociety.②Whileonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.③Noteveryonepresentatthemeetingisinfavouroftheplan.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯事實(shí)是并不是每個(gè)人都把合理支配時(shí)間看得重要。①Thetruthisthatnot_everyone_is_attaching_great_importance_totimemanagement.(noteveryone...)②Thetruthisthateveryone_isn't_attaching_great_importance_totimemanagement.(everyone...not)2．YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.你很可能知道瑪麗·居里是誰，但是你或許沒有聽說過蕾切爾·卡遜。[句型公式]maynothaveheardof為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成時(shí)主要指過去，包括對(duì)過去的推想、表達(dá)缺憾、表示責(zé)怪等。常見“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成時(shí)”如下：(1)musthavedone表示“確定做過某事”，其否定形式為can't/couldn'thavedone表示“不行能做過某事”(2)couldhavedone表示“原來能夠做但卻未做；可能做過某事”(3)may/mighthavedone表示“或許/可能做過某事”(4)should/oughttohavedonesth.表示“本該做但卻未做”，其否定形式表示“本不該做但卻做了”(5)needn'thavedone表示“做了本沒有必要做的事情”[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Hemighthave_said(say)soatthemeeting,butI'mnotsure.②Hecouldhavepassedthedrivingtestatthefirstattempt,buthewastoonervous.③Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldn'thave_left(leave)homewithoutaword.④Georgecan'thave_gone(go)toofar,ashiscoffeeisstillwarm.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子你很熟識(shí)這個(gè)城市，你確定在這里呆了很長時(shí)間。Youareveryfamiliarwiththecity;youmust_have_stayed_here_for_a_long_time.夯基固本·學(xué)問落實(shí)Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Oneofthebiggestdangers(danger)wefacemaybetheclimatechange.2．Noneofthesepensworks/work(work)．3．Weneedn'thave_bought(buy)somuchfoodnowthatSuziewon'tbewithusfordinner.4．Withmixed(mix)feelingsinmind,shedidn'tknowwhattodonext.5．Thepolicemanwaspretendingto_be_reading(read)anewspaper,inreality,hewaswatchingthemannearthewindow.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Thosewhohaveasenseofhumorarelikelytomakemorefriends.2．ReferencebooksmustnotberemovedfromtheReadingRoom.3．We'llhaveanopportunitytoexchangeviewswiththemanagertomorrow.4．Hetoldmeallpiecesofthenews,butnoneofthemwasveryexciting.5．CharlieChaplinisacknowledgedasoneofthemostoutstandingcomediansinthehistoryofthecinema.強(qiáng)技提能·學(xué)問應(yīng)用Ⅰ.完形填空AlexandervonHumboldtwasborninBerlin，Germanyin1769.Whenhewas28，hebeganto1travelswithBonpland，abotanist.UponarrivalinSouthAmerica，they2theplants，animals，andtopography(地形)ofthecontinent.In1800Humboldt3over1,700milesoftheOrinocoRiver.Thiswas4byatriptotheAndesandaclimbofMt.Chimborazo.Theydidn't5ittothetopbuttheydidclimbtoover18,000feetinaltitude.HumboldtwaslaterinvitedtoRussiaandafterexploringthenationanddescribing6suchaspermafrost(永凍層)，he7thatRussiaestablishweatherobservatoriesacrossthecountry.AsHumboldtgot8，hedecidedtowriteeverythingknownabouttheearth.HepublishedhisfirstvolumeofKosmosin1845，whenhewas76yearsold.Kosmoswaswellwrittenandwell9.Thefirstvolume，ageneraloverviewoftheuniverse，soldoutintwomonthsandwas10translatedintomanylanguages.Humboldtdiedin1859andthefifthandfinalvolumewaspublishedin1862，11hisnotesforthework.CharlesDarwin12himas“thegreatestscientifictravelerwhoeverlived”．Heiswidelyrespectedasoneofthefoundersofmodern13.AlexandervonHumboldt's14，experiments，andknowledge15Westernscienceinthenineteenthcentury.1．A.plan B．directC．imagine D．informA[考查動(dòng)詞。洪堡28歲時(shí)起先支配旅行。plan支配；direct指導(dǎo)；imagine想象；inform通知。故選A。]2．A.admired B．examinedC．collected D．studiedD[考查動(dòng)詞。一到南美洲，他們就起先探討那里的植物、動(dòng)物和地形。admire觀賞；examine檢查；collect收集；study探討。故選D。]3．A.drew B．sawC．mapped D．wanderedC[考查動(dòng)詞。此處表示“制圖”。map作名詞時(shí)意為“地圖”，在這里作動(dòng)詞，意為“繪制……的地圖”。故選C。]4．A.supported B．followedC．explained D．a(chǎn)ffectedB[考查動(dòng)詞。befollowedby...然后，接著。support支持；follow跟隨；explain說明；affect影響。故選B。]5．A.do B．makeC．finish D．succeedB[考查動(dòng)詞。makeit勝利，為固定搭配。故選B。]6．A.mines B．treasuresC．inventions D．discoveriesD[考查名詞。依據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處表示“描述了諸如永凍層之類的發(fā)覺”。mine礦；treasure珍寶；invention獨(dú)創(chuàng)；discovery發(fā)覺。故選D。]7．A.recommended B．orderedC．required D．demandedA[考查動(dòng)詞。此處表示“建議”。recommend建議；order吩咐；require要求；demand劇烈要求。故選A。]8．A.wiser B．richerC．older D．strongerC[考查形容詞。依據(jù)后文的“whenhewas76yearsold”可知，此處表示“隨著洪堡年齡的增長”。故選C。]9．A.treated B．takenC．printed D．receivedD[考查動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)下文中的“Thefirstvolume，ageneraloverviewoftheuniverse，soldoutintwomonths”可知這本書大賣，選D項(xiàng)。]10．A.slowly B．graduallyC．immediately D．eventuallyC[考查副詞。依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“這本書大賣，馬上被翻譯成了多種語言”。slowly緩慢地；gradually漸漸地；immediately馬上，立刻；eventually最終。故選C。]11．A.advertisedfor B．basedonC．a(chǎn)daptedfrom D．preparedforB[考查動(dòng)詞短語。斯人已逝，第五卷也是最終一卷只好依據(jù)相關(guān)筆記整理出版。故選B。]12．A.described B．reportedC．expected D．rememberedA[考查動(dòng)詞。同為科學(xué)家且深受洪堡影響的達(dá)爾文這樣描述他……。describe描述；report報(bào)道；expect期盼；remember記得。故選A。]13．A.physics B．biologyC．chemistry D．geographyD[考查名詞。依據(jù)全文闡述可知，洪堡主要在地理方面進(jìn)行探究發(fā)覺和探討創(chuàng)新。故選D。]14．A.words B．lecturesC．travels D．fightsC[考查名詞。依據(jù)前文所敘述的旅行探險(xiǎn)及達(dá)爾文的評(píng)述——thegreatestscientifictravelerwhoeverlived可知，選C項(xiàng)。]15．A.introduced B．transformedC．confused D．delayedB[考查動(dòng)詞。此處表示“變更了19世紀(jì)的西方科學(xué)”。introduce介紹，引進(jìn)；transform使變更；confuse使困惑，使迷惑；delay延遲，耽擱。故選B。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2024·齊齊哈爾市模擬)Asthesayinggoes,“Ahero1.________(know)inthetimeofmisfortune”.ZhongNanshanisaherolikethis.HeisadoctorinGuangdong,2.________savedmanypeople'slivesin2003.In2003,SARS3.________(break)outinGuangdong.Later,itspreadacrossChinaandotherpartsoftheworld.Patientscoughedalotandgotfevers.4.________(hundred)ofpatientsevendiedfromthedisease.Soeveryonewasafraidofit.Zhongspentdaysandnightstofind5.________causeofthedisease.Thanks6.________hiswayoftreating,manypatientsbegantogetbetter.Zhongfinallywonpeople'strust.Inearly2024,adisease7.________(call)COVID-19hitWuhan.Itspreadaroundquicklyandtensofthousandsofpeoplewereinfected.Zhong,84,led8.________(he)teamtofighttheillness.Zhong'steamtookmanymeasures9.________(cure)thepatientswithCOVID-19.Headvisedpeopletowearmasks,washhands10.________(frequent),stayathomeandnottogotocrowdplaces.Nowattheageof84,Zhongstilltreatspatientsinthehospitalandteachesyoungdoctors.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了鐘南山院士在2003年SARS和2024年COVID-19中所做的貢獻(xiàn)。1．isknown[考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由于此處是諺語，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；hero與know之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)isknown。]2．who[考查定語從句?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指人，并在從句中作主語，故填關(guān)系代詞who。]3．broke[考查時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語In2003可知此處應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)，故填broke。]4．Hundreds[考查單復(fù)數(shù)。Hund