暑假作業(yè)11閱讀理解（原卷版）

完成時間：月日天氣：作業(yè)11閱讀理解細節(jié)理解類細節(jié)理解題干擾選項特征張冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。 無中生有 符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。曲解文意 與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細節(jié)處有些變動。顛倒是非 在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。 正誤參半 部分正確，部分錯誤。推理判斷類掌握推理判斷題的考查角度(1)高頻考點：推斷隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點態(tài)度。 (2)低頻考點：推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處、讀者對象。推理判斷題正確選項特征1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。2．選項中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點模糊，會用一些相對能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably等。推理判斷題干擾選項特征1．曲解文意：即推測意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別。推理判斷題中有些選項來自文章中的某一句或某幾句話，命題者可能會利用里面的詞設(shè)計出干擾項，看似表達文章的意思，其實是借題發(fā)揮，是對原文意思的曲解。2．張冠李戴：即把文章中作者的觀點與其他人的觀點混淆在一起。題干問的是作者的觀點，選項中出現(xiàn)的卻是其他人的觀點；題干問的是其他人的觀點，選項中卻出現(xiàn)了作者的觀點。3．偷梁換柱：干擾項用了與文章中某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個單詞，造成句意的改變。4．無中生有：這種類型的干擾項往往是基本的生活常識或普遍認可的觀點，但在文章中并無相關(guān)的信息支撐點。其次，這種干擾項也有可能與設(shè)置的問題毫不相干。5．魚目混珠：魚目混珠類型的干擾項常出現(xiàn)在詞句理解類試題的選項中，即利用某個詞或句子的字面含義代替其在文章特定語境中的具體含義。6．?dāng)U縮范圍：為了準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密地表達文章內(nèi)容，命題者特別注意對文意范圍的限定，有時通過加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等詞語對文意加以限制?！皵U縮范圍”干擾法就是在選項中通過改變或去掉限制性詞語，將信息的范圍、程度、感情色彩等改變，從而給考生解題造成干擾的命題方法。詞義猜測類掌握詞句猜測題的考查角度(1)猜測生詞或熟詞生義；(2)猜測短語的意義；(3)猜測替代詞所替代的內(nèi)容(如it,one,they,this,that,these,those等)；(4)猜測句意。明確方法技巧（1）根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測（2）根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測（3）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生、合成等)進行猜測（4）根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測（5）根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行猜測（6）根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測（7）根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測（8）意義吻合定句意主旨大意類題型掌握主旨大意題的考查角度主旨大意類題型主要測試學(xué)生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。明確方法技巧1.閱讀文章的標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題2.尋找文章的主題句主題句的特點是：1.相對于其他句子，它表達的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋，支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的思想的。一POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesroundtripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket. B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialTshirt. D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Typingyourpoemout. B.Writingapoemof120words.C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper. D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.二Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismotherinlaw,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.FouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathreestoreyVictorianhouseinBristol——oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismotherinlaw.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIremendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremoremon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of2534yearoldslivewiththeirparents,paredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremoremoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.4.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.5.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismotherinlaw?A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.6.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.三Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularclimatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeecofriendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately:isitbettertobuynewecofriendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(設(shè)備)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energysavingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergysavingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy. B.Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C.Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints. D.Howtomakeecofriendlylifestylechoices.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A.Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels. B.Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.C.Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint. D.Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.10.Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A.Usingsecondhandtextbooks. B.Usingoldandexpensivecars.C.Buyingnewbutcheapclothes. D.Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.11."Thefootprint"underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin_______.A.usingtheproduct B.recyclingtheproductC.makingtheproduct D.transportingtheproduct四Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion（時裝）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria（海貍鼠）.UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMeCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnonnativespecies（物種）.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecatsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguiltfreeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletoearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtoeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitisecofriendly.12.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguiltfreefur. B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand. D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.13.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously. B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcatsizedanimals. D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.15.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal. B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful. D.It'straditional.五Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonlyfemaleinanexplorationgroupofmorethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmericanhistory.In1803,PresidentThomasJeffersonboughtmorethan825,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.Toexplorethisnewpartofthecountry,JeffersonsentLewisandWilliamClarkonatwoyearjourneytoreportonwhattheyfound.Theyneededlocalguidestohelpthemthroughthisunknownterritory.BorntoaShoshonechiefaround1788,Sacagaweahadbeenkidnapped(綁架)byanenemytribewhenshewasabout12,thensoldtoaFrenchCanadiantrapper.WhenthetrapperwashiredasaguideforLewisandClark'sexpeditionin1804,SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNativeAmericanpeopleontheir8,000milejourney.Sacagaweasoonbecamearespectedmemberofthegroup.Shewasskilledatfindingplantsforfoodandmedicinetohelpkeeptheexplorersalive.Whenaboatcapsized(翻)ontheMissouriRiverastheywerecrossingintowhatisnowMontana,Sacagaweasavedimportantbooksandmuchneededsupplies.Whentheyneededhorsestocrossrougharea,sheconvincedaShoshonetribe—ledbyherlonglostbrother—togivethemsome.ShewassoesteemedbyLewisandClarkthatwhentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort(營地).SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.Astheypassedthroughherhomeland,SacagawearememberedShoshonetrailsfromherchildhoodandhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.ShereceivednopayforherservicesanddiedonDecember20,1812.ButSacagawea'sbraveryandskillliveonintheexpedition'sjournals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16yearoldShoshonegirlwhoguidedthemostfamousAmericanexpeditionofalltime.16．WhydidtheexplorershireSacagawea?A．Todotrade. B．Tofighttheenemy.C．Tobesafer. D．Tohelpmunicate.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“esteemed”inParagraph4mean?A．Respected. B．Suspected.C．Influenced. D．Promoted.18．WhatdoyouthinkofSacagawea'sroleintheexpedition?A．Active. B．Irreplaceable.C．Tricky. D．Unreliable.19．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aspecialhonor. B．Agreatexpedition.C．Anoutstandinggirl. D．Anunknownterritory.一We'veallbeenthere,whenareallyessentialitemthatyouhadtoorderonlinearrivesinsuchanunbelievableamountofpackagingthatitmakesyoufeellikeit'sanunpreparedgameofpassingtheparcel.It'smadeevenworsebythefactthatsomeofthepackagingcan'tberecycled.Infact,10milliontonnesofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear.Alotofthisendsupinlandfill,two?thirdsofwhichcouldhaveinsteadbeenrecycled.Thegoodnews,however,isthathowpackagingwasteismanagedisinforaBIGshake?upinlinewiththe“polluterpaysprinciple”.Byplacingthemainpointofdutytopayonbrandowners,theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusableasmuchaspossible.Otherwise,theywillhavetopayhigherfees.ThisisasystemknownasExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)—meaningthatthosewhohavecontroloverpackagingdesigndecisionswillbeencouragedtodotherightthingfortheplanetatthebeginningandconsiderwhathappensattheendofthepackaging'slifefromthestart.Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillforhouseholdwastemanagement,panieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste,andtheywillbemetwiththeassociatedlittlecoststoo.And,asanaddedbonus,thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredtoputclearmandatory(強制性的)labellingonpackaging.Forexample,thiscouldbe“RECYCLE”or“DONOTRECYCLE”.Ofcourse,wehopethatthe“DONOTRECYCLE”categorylabellingistheminority.Itisaimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.1.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Two?thirdsofpackagingwasteisrecycled.B.Over?packagingisoftenthecaseinlife.C.Thequalityofgoodscannotbeguaranteed.D.Onlineshoppingisgettinglesspopular.2.Whowillberesponsibleforpayingpackagingwastecostsaccordingtothelaw?A.Designers. B.Producers.C.Customers. D.Localauthorities.3.WhatcantheEPRlawsleadthebrandownerstodo?A.Payhighertaxesandrecyclepackagingwaste.B.Putclearlabellingonpackagingandpromotesales.C.Cutpackagingwasteandimprovepackagingrecycling.D.Followthepackagingdesigntrendandtherightthings.4.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheitemsorderedonlineinthefuture?A.Theirlabellingonpackagingwillbesimpleandgenerous.B.Themajorityoftheirpackagingneedn'tberecycled.C.Theywillbeofhighqualityandinexpensive.D.They'llarriveintherightamountofrecyclablepackaging.二ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethewayforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.Theprotein,P?selectinglycoproteinligand1(PSGL?1),whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit(抑制)theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatPSGL?1canbenegativelyaffectedbyVpu—anaccessory(附屬)proteinofHIV—whichcanneutralizetheabilityofPSGL?1toresistHIV.FurtherresearchisunderwaytodevelopadrugthatcaninhibittheHIVproteinsothatPSGL?1canrestrictHIV,accordingtoTanXu,aresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity'sSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,aleadingauthorofthestudy.SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,buttheviruscanalsoevade(避開)them.PSGL?1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.“Wearestartingtoresearchintosmallmolecule(分子)poundsinthehopeoffindingonethatcanrestorePSGL?1'santi?HIVfunction.Inthisway,wecandevelopaveryeffectiveantiviraldrugforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,”hesaid.Tansaiditwillrequireatleastthreetofiveyearsfortheresearchtoreachthepreclinicalstage,andmoretimeafterthatbeforeaclinicaltrialispossible.TheresearchwasconductedbyresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,FudanUniversityinShanghaiandGeorgeMasonUniversityintheUnitedStates.ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonabinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong?termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.Anestimated37millionpeopleintheworldlivewithHIV,accordingtotheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.Thestudyprovidesnewleadstodevelopingantiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversitysaidinastatement.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutPSGL?1fromthepassage?A.BoththeproteinPSGL?1andtheproteinVpuareHIVproteins.B.PSGL?1canrestrictthefunctionoftheproteinVpu.C.PSGL?1'smoleculepoundshavebeenidentified.D.TheproteinPSGL?1functionsbetterthanothersinresistingHIV.2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.TheexistingtreatmentforAIDSarefarfromperfect.B.Itwillbeadecadebeforetheantiviraldrugsisputonthemarket.C.Americanscientistsplayedaleadingroleintheresearch.D.HIV/AIDSwillnolongerbeadeadlyproblemowingtothenewdiscovery.3.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThereisalongwaytogobeforecuringAIDS.B.MorepeoplearefacedwiththethreatofHIV.C.ChinesescientistsareleadingthewayincuringAIDS.D.AnewproteintoresistHIVwasconfirmedbyscientists.4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Afiction.C.Amagazine. D.Abrochure.三ThevillageofMisfatAlAbriyeenhaschangeditsfortunesbytransformingmud?brickhomesintofinehotels.Thevillageof800people,locatedonthecliffsofOman's“GrandCanyon”,openeditsnarrowstreetsyearsagotoforeignersandlocalsseekingadventureinthedesertsandgreencornersoftheGulfarea.VillagerYacoubAl?Abrisaiditallstartedin2010whenhisunclesuggestedtheytakeanotherlookatthemudhousesthathadlainignoredforyearsintheancientsettlementaboutthreehours'drivefromthecapitalMuscat.Theownershadabandonedthecenturies?oldhomes,fearingtheycouldtopple,andmovedtotheoppositesideofthevillagewheretheybuiltnewacmodation.Thebrown?walledhomes,madeofmudbrickswithpalm?leaveroofs,wereturnedintosimplebutelegantinnswithwoodfurnitureandhandcraftsmadeusingskillshandeddownfromtheirancestors.“Westartedwithonlyfiverooms,thenweincreasedthenumberandboughtotheroldhouses.Todaywehave15roomsandthereareplanstocontinueexpandinguntilwereach50,”Al?Abrisaid.Atanaltitudeofmorethan1,000meters,thetinyvillagewhichishometohistribeisacharmingcollectionoftraditionalhouseslocatedalongdozensofsmallalleys(小巷)overlookinglandsburstingwithbananaplantsandcitrusandpalmtrees.ItispartofaregionknownastheGrandCanyonofOmanwheretouristscanhiketherockymountainsandvalleys,andexploretheoldwaysoflocalpeople.Theregionisalsofamedforitscenturies?oldstoriesthatarestillwidelytoldinsimilarvillagesacrossthecountry.Renoda,aDutchpsychologistlivinginMuscat,wasvisitingwiththreeofherfriends.“It'sperhapsthe10thtimethatIhavevisitedthishotelsincelastyear.Iehereforanightortwoeverymonthseekingcalm,relaxationandfort,”shetoldAFP.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“topple”inparagraph2mean?A.Move. B.Fall.C.Disappear. D.Shrink.2.Whataretheroomsofthevillagehotelslike?A.Splendid. B.Outdated.C.Ordinary. D.Traditional.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theuniquelifestyleofthelocalpeople.B.Thespecialsituationofthesmallvillage.C.Thereasonsforthepopularityofthevillage.D.Theintroductionofthehistoryofthevillage.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutRenoda?A.Shelivesastressfullifeinthecity.B.Sheenjoysadventuroustraveling.C.Visitingthevillagersispartofherwork.D.Shewantstoliveinthishotelpermanently.四Thinkbacktowhenyouwereinamathsclassroom,andtheteachersetadifficultproblem.Whichofthetwofollowingresponsesisclosertothewayyoureacted?A:Ohno,thisistoohardforme.I'mnotevengoingtoseriouslytryandworkitout.B:Ah,thisisquitetricky,butIliketopushmyself.EvenifIdon'tgettheanswerright,maybeI'lllearnsomethingintheattempt.Earlyinhercareer,thepsychologistCarolDweckofStanfordUniversitygaveagroupoften?year?oldsproblemsthatwereslightlytoohardforthem.Onegroupreactedpositivelyandlovedthechallenge.Shesaystheyhada“growthmindset”andfocusedonwhattheycouldachieveinthefuture.Butanothergroupofchildrenfeltthattheirintelligencewasbeingjudgedandtheyhadfailed.Theyhada“fixedmindset”andwereunabletoimagineimproving.Someofthemlookedforsomeonewhohaddoneworsethanthemtoboosttheirself?esteem.ProfessorDweckbelievesthatthereisaproblemineducationatthemoment.Foryears,childrenhavebeenpraisedfortheirintelligenceortalent,butthismakesthemvulnerable(脆弱的)tofailure.Theybeeperformance?oriented,wantingtopleasebygettinghighgrades,buttheyarenotinterestedinlearningforitsownsake.Thesolution,accordingtoDweck,istoleadthemtobeemastery?oriented(i.e.interestedingettingbetteratsomething).Sheclaimsthattheever?lastingeffortovertimeisthekeytooutstandingachievements.Psychologistshavebeentestingthesetheories.UnderperformingschoolchildrenonaNativeAmericanreservationwereexposedtogrowthmindsettechniquesforayear.Theresultswerenothinglessthanincredible.Theycametopinregionaltests,beatingchildrenfrommuchmoreprivilegedbackgrounds.Thesechildrenhadpreviouslyfeltthatmakinganeffortwasasignofstupidity,buttheycametoseeitasthekeytolearning.

1.Whatcanwelearnaboutapersonifhisresponseis“B”?A.Heisperformance?oriented.B.Hetendstosetlimitstohislife.C.Heenjoystheprocessandfocusesonthefuture.D.Heboostshisself?esteembyparingwithothers.2.WhichofthefollowingsuggestionswillProfessorDweckgivetoparentsandteachers?A.Torewardchildrenfortheirhighgrades.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofintelligence.C.Toignoretheresultbroughtbyfailure.D.Topraisechildrenfortheirengagementintheprocess.3.Whatdoes“Thesechildren”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Childrenshowingnointerestinlearning.B.Childrenwhousefixedmindsettechniques.C.Childrenfrommuchmoreprivilegedbackgrounds.D.UnderperformingschoolchildrenonaNativeAmericanreservation.4.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Todistinguishthegrowthmindsetandthefixedmindset.B.Toinformreadersoftheimportanceofthegrowthmindset.C.Toshowseveralpsychologicalstudyresults.D.Topointoutaproblemineducationatthemoment.五ApanycalledpassPoolshassomegoodnewsforheightandswimmingenthusiasts.Recently,thepanyannouncedtheirnoveldesign—afirstofitskind360?degreepoolwhichissettobeplacedonaskyscraperinLondon.TheInfinityLondonwillbethefirstandonlybuildingintheworldtoincludethiscutting?edgepooldesign.Thepoolwillbelaidontopofa55?storyskyscraperandwillallowpeopletofloatover200metersabovetheLondonskylinewithunobstructed(沒有障礙的)viewsofthecity.Theentrancetothepoolishidden.Peoplebegantoraisequestionsabouthowanyonewouldgetinsidethepool.passPoolsexplains,“Swimmerswillaccessthepoolthrougharotatingspiral(螺旋形的)staircasebasedonthedoorofasubmarine,risingfromthepoolfloorwhensomeonewantstogetinorout.”Butthatisnottheonlyuniquetechnologyofthepool.Thedesignersfoundawaytomakesurethewinddoesn'tblowthewaterdowntothestreets.Theyincludedabuilt?inanemometer(風(fēng)速計)tomonitorthewindspeed.Itislinkedtoaputer?controlledbuildingmanagementsystemwhichwillalsotakecareofthetemperatureofthewater.AlexKemsleypromisesthatthisuniquepoolwillsurpasseveryone'sexpectations.“It'squiteastrangefeelingtoswimintheSkyPoolatTheShardandhavehelicoptersflyingpastatyourlevelbutthispooltakesitastepfurther,”hesays.“Puttingyourgoggles(游泳鏡)onandwitha360?degreeviewofLondonfrom220mup,itreallywillbesomethingelse—butit'sdefinitelynotonefortheacrophobic(恐高的)!”Whiletheexactdateoftheconstructionisnotclearyet,ifthingsgowell,itmaybeginin2022.Thelocationhasyettobeconfirmedtoo.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.TheInfinityLondonistheonlybuildingtoswimin.B.SwimmerscanenjoytheviewsofLondoninthenewpool.C.Thepoolislocatedonthefirstfloorofaskyscraper.D.passPoolshasbuiltmany360?degreepoolsintheworld.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.HowtogetaviewofLondon.B.Howtomonitorthewindspeed.C.Howtogetintooroutofthepool.D.Howtokeepthewaterinthepool.3.Whomightnotbesuitabletoswiminthenewpool?A.Peoplewhoenjoyflying.B.Peoplewholoseweight.C.Peoplewhofearheights.D.Peoplewhohavepoorsight.4.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewpool?A.Itisnotcertainwhenpeoplecanswiminit.B.Theexactlocationoftheconstructionisclear.C.Swimmerscanexpectitsdesignseasily.D.It'simpossibletomonitorthetemperatureofthewater.六ScientistsinAustraliahavediscoveredthattheycanusetheworld'ssmelliestfruitstomakedevicesthatcouldpowerelectriccars.Adurianisafruitthatlookslikeapineapple.ItisadelicacyinsomeAsiancountries,butitssmellissounpleasantthatsomeofthosecountrieshavebanneditfrompu