2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專(zhuān)項(xiàng)沖刺專(zhuān)題18閱讀理解三含解析

專(zhuān)題18【閱讀理解】解題指導(dǎo)·觸類(lèi)旁通尋方法，求策略，駕馭“套路”三．提煉加工明主旨—主旨大意題閱讀理解【主旨大意題】滿分攻略命題規(guī)律命題趨勢(shì)主旨大意題在閱讀理解中比重不高，但屬于每年必考的題型，設(shè)題1-2題考查內(nèi)容考查考生對(duì)文章整體或局部主旨大意的理解和概括。正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)①不含細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)信息和肯定意義的詞②恰當(dāng)概括內(nèi)容干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)以偏概全②斷章取義③主題擴(kuò)大④似是而非⑤張冠李戴答題技巧點(diǎn)撥題型題干標(biāo)記詞閱讀全文，找尋主題詞或主題句；歸納文章主要內(nèi)容歸納標(biāo)題title標(biāo)題標(biāo)準(zhǔn)精→語(yǔ)言精煉準(zhǔn)→精確定位作者觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)涵和外延統(tǒng)→統(tǒng)領(lǐng)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)新→新奇有吸引力概括文章大意或者段落大意titletopicthemechieflymainlymainideasubjectinchiefsummarizetrytoexpress等標(biāo)記詞找主題詞依據(jù)文體略讀從文章或段落中找尋高頻詞依據(jù)對(duì)文章或段落的理解，用主題詞概括大意找主題句主題句特點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)標(biāo)記詞及解題思路主題句在文首或段首主題句↓支撐句在文首或段首的主題句后面的標(biāo)記詞有：first,next,also,tobeginwith,one...theother，forexample等主題句在文尾或段尾細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)描述↓歸納要點(diǎn)↓概括主題在文尾或段尾引出結(jié)論的標(biāo)記詞有：clearly,so,thus,consequence，therefore，inconclusion，inshort等主題句在文中或段中細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)描述↓歸納主題↓進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明當(dāng)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)however,but,infact,actually等標(biāo)記詞時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。沒(méi)有主題句沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，示意性地體現(xiàn)主題。依據(jù)事實(shí)、線索綜合分析，概括大意。不能以偏概全，也不能過(guò)于寬泛?？键c(diǎn)突破·針對(duì)提能明考點(diǎn)，攻重難，有效提升熟記高頻詞→突破閱讀理解詞匯障礙高考英語(yǔ)考前必背570個(gè)高頻詞第十三組第十四組351.semestern.學(xué)期；半年352.semiconductorn.半導(dǎo)體353.seminarn.研討會(huì)354.terminaladj.末端的；極限的n.終點(diǎn)355.territoryn.領(lǐng)土356.approximateadj.也許的;大約v.近似357.arbitraryadj.隨意的；未斷的358.architectn.建筑師359.architecturen.建筑學(xué)360.biologyn.生物學(xué)361.geographyn.地理（學(xué)）362.geologyn.地質(zhì)學(xué)363.geometryn.幾何（學(xué)）364.arithmeticn.算術(shù)365.algebran.代數(shù)366.entertainmentn.消遣；款待；款待367.enthusiasmn.熱忱；熱心368.entryn.進(jìn)入;入口處；參賽的人（或物）369.environmentn.環(huán)境370.episoden.插曲；片段371.equationn.方程式372.restrainvt.阻擋；抑制373.restraintn.抑制；限制374.resumev.中斷后重新起先375.severeadj.嚴(yán)峻的376.sexualadj.性別的377.simplicityn.簡(jiǎn)潔；樸實(shí)378.slenderadj.苗條的；修長(zhǎng)的379.sorrown.悲傷；哀思380.stuffn.原料；材料vt.填進(jìn)；塞滿381.temporaryadj.短暫的；臨時(shí)的382.temptationn.誘惑；引誘383.terrorn.恐怖384.thrustv.擠；推；插385.treatyn.條約；協(xié)定386.arisevi.產(chǎn)生；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；起身387.arousevt.引起；激起；喚醒388.burdenn.重?fù)?dān)；負(fù)荷389.bureaun.局；辦事處390marvelousadj.奇跡般的；驚人的391.massiveadj.大的；大量的；大塊的392.matureadj.成熟的393.maximumadj.最高的；最大的394.minimumadj.最低的；最小的395.nonsensen.胡說(shuō)；冒失的行動(dòng)396.nuclearadj.核子的；核能的397.nucleusn.核398.retailn./v./adv.零售399.retainvt.保留；保持400.restrictvt.限制；約束401.sponsorn.主辦者vt.發(fā)起,主辦,資助402.spurn./vt.刺激；激勵(lì)403.triumphn.成功；成功404.tuitionn.學(xué)費(fèi)第十五組第十六組405.twistvt.使纏繞；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；扭歪406.undergraduaten.高校肄業(yè)生407.universaladj.普遍的;通用的；宇宙的408.universen.宇宙409.viaprep.經(jīng)由；經(jīng)過(guò)；通過(guò)410.vibratev.振動(dòng)；搖擺411.virusn.病毒412.voluntaryadj.自愿的413.volunteern.志愿者v.自愿（做）414.votev.選舉n.選票415.wagonn.四輪馬車(chē)；鐵路貨車(chē)416.appointvt.任命；委派417.approachv.靠近；接近n.途徑,方式418.appropriateadj.適當(dāng)?shù)?19.bunchn.群；伙；束；串420.bundlen.捆；包；束vt.收集；歸攏421.conquervt.折服422.chaosn.混亂；紊亂423.discountn.（價(jià)格）折扣424.displayn./vt.陳設(shè)；展覽425.equivalentadj.相等的adj.相等物426.erectadj.豎直的v.建立,直立427.faxn./vt.傳真428.fertileadj.肥沃的；多產(chǎn)的429.fertilizern.肥料430.hardwaren.五金器具431.horrorn.恐怖432.horribleadj.可怕的433.Internetn.國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)；因特網(wǎng)434.interpretv.翻譯；說(shuō)明435.interpretationn.說(shuō)明；說(shuō)明436.leakv.漏；滲出437.leanvi.傾斜；倚；靠438.leapvi.跳動(dòng)439modifyvt.修改440.nylonn.尼龍441.onionn.洋蔥442.powdern.粉末443.applicableadj.可應(yīng)用的；適當(dāng)?shù)?44.applicantn.申請(qǐng)人445.breadthn.寬度446.conservationn.保存；愛(ài)護(hù)447.conservativeadj.保守的448.paralleln.平行線；可相比擬的事物449.passionn.激情；熱忱450.passiveadj.被動(dòng)的；消極的451.patv./n.輕拍；輕打452.peakn.山峰；頂點(diǎn)453.phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象454.reluctantadj.不情愿的；牽強(qiáng)的455.relyvi.(on,upon)依靠；希望456.relevantadj.有關(guān)的；切題的457.reliableadj.牢靠的458.reliefn.輕松；寬慰；減輕459.reputationn.名氣；聲譽(yù)460.rescuevt./n.營(yíng)救2024年高考英語(yǔ)【閱讀理解】題型強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練三解析版跟蹤檢測(cè)·遷移應(yīng)用練模擬，練規(guī)范，夯基提能Test1AuthorWalterDeanMyersdiedattheageof76afterabriefillness.WalterDeanMyerswastheauthorofmorethan100booksforchildrenandyoungadultsandreceivedmanytopawards.TheprolificauthorwaslovedforhisvividdescriptionofthelivesofAfricanAmericanchildren,andforwritingbooksforyoungpeoplethatcovereddifferentsubjects.“Myershaswrittenaboutallthosesubjectswithdeepunderstandingandahard-won,qualifiedsenseofhope,”saidLeonardS.Marcusin2008.Hewasbornin1937andwasadoptedbyFlorenceDeanandHerbertafterhismotherdiedwhilegivingbirthtohisyoungersister.Theylovedhimverymuchandhismotherreadtohimfromaveryyoungage.Readingpushedhimtodiscoverworldsbeyondhislandscape.Hebeganwritingatanearlyage.HewrotewellinhighschoolandanEnglishteacherrecognizedthisandadvisedhimtokeeponwritingnomatterwhathappenedtohim.“It’swhatyoudo,”shesaid.Hedroppedoutofhighschoolat17andjoinedthearmy.Afterfinishinghisservice,heenteredadarkperiodinhislife.Myersbeganwritingatnighttopullhimselfthroughthatmiserabletime.InanessaypublishedinTheNewYorkTimesearlierthisyear,MyersdescribedhowashortstorybyJamesArthurBaldwinhelpedchangethecourseofhislife.“Ididn’tlovethestory,butIwasliftedbyit，”hewrote,“forittookplaceinHarlem,anditwasastoryconcernedwithblackpeoplelikethoseIknew.Byhumanizingthepeoplewhowerelikeme,Baldwin’sstoryalsohumanizedme.ThestorygavemeapermissionthatIdidn’tknowIneeded,thepermissiontowriteaboutmyownlandscape,myownmap.”“IwritebooksforthetroubledboyIoncewas,”hewrote,“andfortheboywholiveswithinmestill.”1．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．HowpopularMyerswas.B．HowMyersbecamesuccessful.C．WhatmakesMyers’workspopular.D．WhatpeoplethinkofMyers’works.2．WhodiscoveredMyers’writingtalent?A．JamesArthurBaldwin.B．Hismother.C．LeonardS.Marcus.D．Oneofhisteachers.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prolific”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Productive. B．Unfortunate.C．Conservative. D．Humorous.4．WhywastheshortstorybyJamesArthurBaldwinsoimportantforMyers?A．Ithelpedhimsurvivethedarkperiod.B．Itinspiredhimtopursuehiswritingcareer.C．Helearnedmanywritingtechniquesfromit.D．Theauthorofthestorypermittedhimtowrite.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了美國(guó)聞名作家WalterDeanMyers的生平。1．C解析：段落大意題。通讀該段可知，該段首句“Theprolificauthor...covereddifferentsubjects.”為該段主題句，結(jié)合該段其他內(nèi)容可知，這位多產(chǎn)的作家因其對(duì)非裔美國(guó)兒童生活的生動(dòng)描述，以及為年輕人寫(xiě)的涉及不同話題的書(shū)籍而深受寵愛(ài)。由此可知，該段主要介紹了他的作品受歡迎的緣由，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段其次句“HewrotewellinhighschoolandanEnglishteacherrecognizedthisandadvisedhimtokeeponwritingnomatterwhathappenedtohim.”可知，他在中學(xué)時(shí)寫(xiě)作就很好，一位英語(yǔ)老師相識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)并建議他無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事都要堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)下去。據(jù)此可知，他的寫(xiě)作天賦是他的一位老師發(fā)覺(jué)的，故D項(xiàng)正確。3．A解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第一段其次句“WalterDeanMyerswastheauthorofmorethan100booksforchildrenandyoungadultsandreceivedmanytopawards.”可知，WalterDeanMyers寫(xiě)了100多本兒童和年輕人讀物，并獲得了很多最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。由此可推知，他是一位多產(chǎn)的作家。productive意為“多產(chǎn)的”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“不幸的”，C項(xiàng)意為“守舊的”，D項(xiàng)意為“幽默的”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。4．B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段第一句中的“howashortstory...thecourseofhislife”以及最終一句“ThestorygavemeapermissionthatIdidn’tknowIneeded,thepermissiontowriteaboutmyownlandscape,myownmap.”可知，Baldwin寫(xiě)的故事激勵(lì)了Myers追求他自己的寫(xiě)作事業(yè)，故B項(xiàng)正確。Test2Who’rehappier,menorwomen?Researchshowsit’sacomplexquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorfemalesarehappierisn’treallythathelpful,becausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen.Women’shappinesshasbeendecliningforthepast30years,accordingtorecentstatistics.Andresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepressioncomparedwithmen.Gender(性別)differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifference.Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness,warmthandfear,whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasaprimarycaregiver,whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect,whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalsogeneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元)thanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperiencetheworldfromotherpeople’sview,tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperiencedeepersadness.Womentendtoexperiencemorenegativefeelings,suchasmoreguilt,shameandtoalesserdegree,embarrassment.Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendifferinthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglyandsharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation—whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness.Thissupportsthetheorythatwomen’shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen’s.1．Whichfeelingaremenmorelikelytoshowcomparedwithwomen?A．Warmth. B．Depression.C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.2．Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?A．Psychologicalfactors. B．Biologicalfactors.C．Educationalfactors. D．Socialfactors.3．Onecanprobablyreadthetextfrom________．A．a(chǎn)sciencefiction B．a(chǎn)culturebrochureC．a(chǎn)nurseryguide D．a(chǎn)healthmagazine4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Menandwomendifferinbiologyandpsychology.B．Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently.C．Socialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomen.D．Women’shappinesshasdeclinedinthepastyears.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文從社會(huì)、生理和心理三個(gè)方面介紹了男性和女性在華蜜感上的差異。1．D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句中的“whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect”可知，男性表現(xiàn)更多的是生氣、傲慢和無(wú)禮，故選D。2．A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段從心理方面介紹了男性和女性在處理和表達(dá)感情方面的不同：與男性相比，女性更加公開(kāi)地表露自己內(nèi)心的情感。3．D解析：文章出處題。依據(jù)本文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要從社會(huì)、生理和心理三個(gè)方面分析了男性和女性在華蜜感上的差異。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康雜志，故選D項(xiàng)。4．B解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文從社會(huì)、生理和心理三個(gè)方面分析了男性和女性在華蜜感上的差異，故B項(xiàng)最符合文意。Test3Astudyof500,000songsreleased(發(fā)行)intheUKbetween1985and2015showedthatpopmusichaddecreasedinhappinessandincreasedinsadness.InareportpublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyOpenScience,researchersattheUniversityofCaliforniaexaminedhundredsofthousandsofsongsandclassifiedthembytheirmood.“‘Happiness’isgoingdown,‘sadness’isgoingup,andatthesametime,thesongsarebecomingmore‘danceable’andmore‘party-like’,”co-authorNataliaL．KomarovatoldTheAssociatedPress.Thestudyfoundsongsin2014likeStaywithMebySamSmith,WhispersbyPassengerandUnmissablebyGorgonCityhavea“l(fā)owhappiness”trend.However,tracksfrom1984likeGloryDaysbyBruceSpringsteen,WouldILietoYou?byEurythmicsandFreedombyWham!hada“highhappiness”trend.“Thepublicseemstopreferhappiersongs,eventhoughmoreandmoreunhappysongsarebeingreleasedeachyear，”theresearcherswrote.Apartfromtheemotionaltrends,researchersdiscoveredthatdancesandpopwerethemostsuccessfulstylesofmusicandthattherewasa“cleardownward”trend,withthepopularityofrockbeginningintheearly2000s.“Soitlookslike,whiletheoverallmoodisbecominglesshappy,peopleseemtowanttoforgetitallanddance,”Komarovawroteinanemail.Itwasalsofoundthatthe“maleness”ofsongs—thefrequencyofmalesingersinpopularmusic—haddecreasedduringthelast30years.“Successfulsongsarecharacterisedbyalargerpercentageoffemaleartistscomparedtoallsongs,”theywrote.Thisdiscoveryappearsatatimewhentheconversationaroundsexequalityinthemusicindustryisatitsheight,withmoremaleartistsandsongwriters.1．Theresearchersexaminedlotsofsongsto________．A．findsongsfordancesandpartiesB．choosesongsforajournalC．releasemoresongsD．knowbetteraboutsongs2．Whosemusicstyletendstobringyoumorehappiness?A．NataliaL．Komarova’s.B．SamSmith’s.C．GorgonCity’s.D．BruceSpringsteen’s.3．Whatdoweknowaboutsongsoverthepastthreedecades?A．Rockbecamepopularintheearly2000s.B．Fewerunhappysongscametolighteveryyear.C．Malesingerswerebetteratperformingpopmusic.D．Femaleartistswerelessskilledinwritingsongs.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．PopMusicIsGettingSadderB．MusicCallsforSexEqualityC．PopMusicHasaLongHistoryD．MusicIndustryIsGoingDown【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了流行音樂(lè)表達(dá)的心情的改變趨勢(shì)。1．D解析：推理推斷題。本文其次段介紹了加州高校的探討者們調(diào)查了成千上萬(wàn)的歌曲并把它們按心情分類(lèi)，緊接著得出歌曲分類(lèi)的結(jié)果，可見(jiàn)他們調(diào)查歌曲的目的是想對(duì)唱曲有更多的了解，故選D。A、C兩項(xiàng)曲解文意；B項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。2．D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“However,tracksfrom1984likeGloryDaysbyBruceSpringsteen...hada‘highhappiness’trend.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。NataliaL．Komarova為報(bào)道的合著者，而非歌手；SamSmith、GorgonCity所演唱的歌曲有讓人快樂(lè)感降低的趨勢(shì)，故解除。3．A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“withthepopularityofrockbeginningintheearly2000s”可知，搖滾樂(lè)在21世紀(jì)初起先流行，故A項(xiàng)正確。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容均與文意不符。4．A解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)本文首段總述及后續(xù)段落的描述可知，全文重點(diǎn)介紹了流行音樂(lè)正變得越來(lái)越傷感，故選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)僅是本文中提到的一個(gè)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)；C項(xiàng)不是本文的重點(diǎn)；D項(xiàng)擴(kuò)大外延，屬過(guò)度概括，故解除。Test4Asevolutiontendstoremovewaste,howcomeweevolvedsuchlarge,energy-consumingbrains?Thedominanthypothesis(假設(shè))suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce.Butournewstudydoneinanunusualwayshowsthathumanbrainexpansionislikelydrivenbyecology(生態(tài))．Scientistshavetestedtheecologicalandsocialhypothesesbefore.Thecommonapproachistolookatmanyspeciesandinvestigatewhetherlargebrainsareassociatedwithspecificproblems.Forexample,doprimatesorotheranimalswithlargebrainshaveadietthatischallengingtofindbutnutritionallyrewarding?Thiswouldindicateanecologicalorigin.Ordotheyliveinlargegroupswheretheyfacelotsofsocialproblems?Whilemanystudieshavefoundsuchassociations,thereisaproblem.Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems.Tofindoutthecausesofbrainexpansion,werecreatedthescenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的狀況)ofthetwohypothesesusingamathematicalmodel.Wefoundthatacombinationofecologicalandsocialchallengesdoproducethebrainsizeweseeinhumans.Butitwasecologicalchallengesthatexpandedbrains.Incontrasttothedominantviewandourownexpectation,wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize.Butyouneedbothfactorstogetthebrainsizeweseetoday—iftherewerenosocialchallengesourbrainswouldhavebeenevenlargerbutlikelypoorlysuitedtosociallife.Biggerisn’tnecessarilybetter.Butmanyanimalsfacehardecologicalproblems.Whydon’ttheyallhavelargebrains?Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohuman-sizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow.Soourresultsandthoseofothers’suggestthathardecologyandtheaccumulationofculturalknowledgecouldacttogethertoproduceahuman-sizedbrain.Willthehumanbrainexpandfurther?Thecomplexityofthesystemsinvolvedmakesitimpossibletosaymuchwithcertaintyatpresent.1．Inmostpeople’sview,whatmakeshumanevolvelargebrains?A．Socialchallenges.B．Socialandecologicalchallenges.C．Ecologicalchallenges.D．Competitionwithotherlargeanimals.2．What’stheproblemofthecommonapproach?A．Itsmodelisnotreliableenough.B．Itdoesn’ttellthecauseandeffectclearly.C．Itshypothesiscannotbeprovedeffectively.D．Itdoesn’tfindbrainsizeisconnectedwithproblems.3．Whydon’tmanyanimalshavelargebrains?A．Theydon’tlearnfromeachother.B．Theydon’tfacehardecologicalproblems.C．Theydon’tneedtocooperatewitheachother.D．Theydon’tkeeplearningtoughskillsastheygrow.4．Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersfindmostsurprising?A．Animalsdon’thavelargebrains.B．Socialchallengesdecreasebrainsize.C．Ecologicalchallengesincreasebrainsize.D．It’sunclearwhetherhumanbrainswillexpandfurther.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?？茖W(xué)探討發(fā)覺(jué)，人類(lèi)大腦的大小是由生態(tài)環(huán)境和文化學(xué)問(wèn)積累的共同作用確定的；大腦并非越大越好，假如大腦過(guò)大，則人類(lèi)將無(wú)法適應(yīng)社交活動(dòng)。1．A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句“Thedominanthypothesis(假設(shè))suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce.”并結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容可知，大部分人認(rèn)為麻煩的社交活動(dòng)是人類(lèi)大腦進(jìn)化的動(dòng)力，故A項(xiàng)正確。2．B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句“Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems.”可知，傳統(tǒng)的探討方法無(wú)法說(shuō)明清晰大腦進(jìn)化的緣由和影響，故B項(xiàng)正確。3．D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段其次、三句“Whydon’ttheyallhavelargebrains?Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohuman-sizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow.”可知，只有當(dāng)個(gè)體在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中不斷學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能時(shí)，生態(tài)環(huán)境才會(huì)影響人類(lèi)特定大小的大腦。據(jù)此可推知，動(dòng)物在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中并沒(méi)有持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能，所以動(dòng)物沒(méi)有大的大腦，故D項(xiàng)正確。4．B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第四句“Incontrasttothedominantviewandourownexpectation,wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize.”可知，與主流觀點(diǎn)及我們自己的預(yù)期相反，我們發(fā)覺(jué)社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小。據(jù)此可知，社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小是令人驚異的發(fā)覺(jué)，故B項(xiàng)正確。Test5Travelingtoaforeigncountrycanmakeyoufrightenedifyoudon’tknowthelocallanguage.Mr.Thibaulthasanumberoftipstohelptravelersmanageinadestinationwhentheydon’tspeakthenativetongue,basedonhisownexperience.Hereareafewofthem.●DownloadaLanguageTranslationAppMr.ThibaulttendstorelyonGoogleTranslateandsuggeststhattravelersfindanappthatworksforthem.Ideally,findonethatspecializesinthelanguageyouneedtotranslateespeciallyifthelanguageusesacharactersetyou’renotfamiliarwith,orhavedifficultypronouncing.●SpeakwithYourHandsandHeadPointingwithyourhandsandnoddingorshakingyourhead,Mr.Thibaultsaid,areeasywaystocommunicatewithlocalsinthecountryyou’rein.“Gesturesarealluniversallyunderstood，”hesaid.●LearnaFewKeyWordsKnowingbasicwordsandphraseslike“hello”,“thankyou”and“I’msorry.Idon’tspeakyourlanguage.DoyouspeakEnglish？”isamust,Mr.Thibaultsaid.Showingthatyoucareenoughtolearnsomeofthelanguagebeforeyougo,andatleastenoughtoacknowledgethatyoudon’tknowmore,isaformofrespectandwillgoalongwaytobelikedbylocals.●WorkwithaLocalTravelAgentIfyoufeelparticularlyuncomfortableinthecountryyou’reheadedto,andyouhavetogoanyway,relyingonalocaltravelagentwhoknowsbothyourandyourdestination’slanguagescanbeincrediblyuseful.●HireaLocalTourGuideAtourguidecanhelpyougetabettergraspofthelocallanguageandisagoodpersontopracticewordsandphraseswith.WheneverMr.Thibaultvisitsanewcountry,hebooksasightseeingtourwithaguideonthefirstdayofhistrip.“Iusethisdaytolearnaboutmydestinationandgetfamiliarwiththelanguage,”hesaid.1．Inwhatsituationshouldalanguagetranslationappbeappliedwhiletravelingabroad?A．Whenyouhavetroublepronouncingthewords.B．Whenyouwanttoacknowledgeyourignorance.C．Whenyouwanttopracticethelocallanguage.D．Whenyoufeeluncomfortableinthecountry.2．Whatistheeasiestwaytocommunicatewithforeignersaccordingtothetext?A．Downloadingalanguagetranslationapp.B．Learningafewkeywords.C．Usingbodylanguage.D．Workingwithaguide.3．Howcanyoubetterunderstandthelocallanguage?A．Byspeakingwithyourhandsandhead.B．Bylearningafewkeywords.C．Bydownloadingalanguagetranslationapp.D．Byhiringalocaltourguide.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章針對(duì)不會(huì)說(shuō)外語(yǔ)的旅行者到國(guó)外旅游提出了幾條建議，包括下載翻譯軟件、運(yùn)用肢體語(yǔ)言、動(dòng)身前學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)鍵詞、利用當(dāng)?shù)芈眯猩绲膸椭约肮陀卯?dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游。1．A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“alanguagetranslationapp”定位至其次段，依據(jù)該段其次句“Ideally,findonethatspecializesinthelanguageyouneedtotranslateespeciallyifthelanguageusesacharactersetyou’renotfamiliarwith,orhavedifficultypronouncing.”可知，在該語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用你不熟識(shí)的字符集或者你發(fā)音有困難時(shí)，你應(yīng)當(dāng)下載翻譯軟件，故A項(xiàng)正確。2．C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Pointingwithyourhandsandnoddingorshakingyourhead,Mr.Thibaultsaid,areeasywaystocommunicatewithlocalsinthecountryyou’rein.”可知，運(yùn)用雙手、點(diǎn)頭或搖頭，是你和當(dāng)?shù)厝藴贤ǖ暮?jiǎn)潔的方式；據(jù)此可推知，運(yùn)用肢體語(yǔ)言是與當(dāng)?shù)厝藴贤ㄗ詈?jiǎn)潔的方式，故C項(xiàng)正確。3．D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)尾段第一句“Atourguidecanhelpyougetabettergraspofthelocallanguageandisagoodpersontopracticewordsandphraseswith.”可知，導(dǎo)游可以幫助你更好地駕馭當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)言，而且導(dǎo)游是你與其練習(xí)單詞和短語(yǔ)的最佳人選，故D項(xiàng)正確。Test6Wouldafasterreadingspeedmeanthatwecouldlearnmore?Somepeopleclaimthatit’spossible.InJulylastyear,thesix-timespeedreadingchampionAnneJonessatdowntoreadHarperLee’sGoSetaWatchman.Just25minutesand31secondslater,shefinishedit—whichequalsareadingrateofaround3，700wordsperminute.Jonesrunstrainingcoursesteachingspeedreading,recallandconcentrationtechniquesandtherearenumerousspeedreadingappsthathaveappearedonthemarketoverthepastfewyears.Butdotheyactuallywork?First,weneedtounderstandhowweread.Thehumaneyemovementsystemiscentraltoourreadingability.Readoverthatsentenceagain,andthinkabouthowyoureyesscanacrossthewords.Theydon’tmovesmoothlyoverthem.Instead,theymakeaseriesofshort,sharpjumps,skippingoverafewcharactersbeforebrieflyl