四川省瀘州市高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量診斷性考試英語(yǔ)試題

瀘州市高2020級(jí)第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量診斷性考試英語(yǔ)本試卷分為試題卷和答題卡兩部分,其中試題卷由第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)組成,共10頁(yè);答題卡共2頁(yè)。滿分150分,考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前,考生務(wù)必在答題卡上將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆填寫(xiě)清楚,同時(shí)用2B鉛筆將考號(hào)準(zhǔn)確填涂在“考號(hào)”欄目?jī)?nèi)。2.選擇題使用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目標(biāo)號(hào)的位置上,如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦擦干凈后再選涂其它答案;非選擇題用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡的對(duì)應(yīng)框內(nèi),超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后將答題卡收回。第I卷(選擇題,共100分)第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試題上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanmainlyplainabout?A.Theweather.B.Thecat.C.Herhusband.2.WhendidMrs.Jenkins＇toothstarttoache?A.Yesterdayafternoon.B.Yesterdayevening.C.Thismorning.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttohaveinhiscoffee?A.Cream.B.Milk.C.Sugar.4.Whattimeisitnow?A.10:50pm.B.11:00pm.C.11:30pm.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacafe.B.Inagym.C.Inarestaurant.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.WhatjobisJaneapplyingfor?A.Asalesperson.B.Awaitress.C.Ateacher.7.WhatdoesJohnadviseJanetochange?A.Herclothes.B.Herhandbag.C.Herhairstyle.聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Relatives.B.Schoolmates.C.Musicianandfan.9.WhydoesGaryfeelnervousabouttheperformance?A.Heisnotgoodatsinging.B.Hewillperforminfrontofhisfamily.C.Hestartedplayingtheguitarashorttimeago.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Gardeningskills.B.Theirfavouritefood.C.TheharvestinPaula’shomegarden.11.WhatdidStuart’smomfailtogrow?A.Strawberries.B.Potatoes.C.Beans.12.WhatwillStuartdonext?A.Buyanicecream.B.HelpPaula’sfather.C.Learntomakepies.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.WhatisFrankprobablydoingnow?A.Buyingvegetables.B.Workinginthegarden.C.Doingresearchoninsects.14.WheredidFrankfindaninsectlastnight?A.Inthebedroom.B.Inthelivingroom.C.Inthekitchen.15.WhatdoesAlicethinkoftheinsectkillerusedbyFrank?A.Itisuselesstomostinsects.B.Itmightbeharmfultopeople.C.Ithasbeenprovedsafetouse.16.HowdidAlicefindoutaboutthenewproduct?A.Fromafriend.B.Fromawebpage.C.Fromapaper.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whoarethelisteners?A.Parents.B.Teachers.C.Students.18.Howlongwillthetriplast?A.For20days.B.For10days.C.For5days.19.Whatisthegreatestbenefitofthetripaccordingtothespeaker?A.Ithelpsstudentsbemoreorganized.B.Itimprovesstudents’languageskills.C.Itmakesstudentsexperienceanewculture.20.Whatdoesthespeakerremindthelistenerstodo?A.Takethebrochurehome.B.Readtheinformationcarefully.C.Signupforthetripassoonaspossible.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AExploreYourPassionatHarvardUniversityYoureducationdoesn’tstopattheclassroomdoor.StudentactivitiesareavitalpartoftheHarvardexperience,balancingyourstudiesandcreatingopportunitiesforfriendshipandselfdiscovery.AthleticsHarvardAthleticsoffersfortytwointercollegeteamsforwomenandmenmorethananyothercollegedoes——aswellasnumeroussportsclubsandrecreationalactivities.Morethaneightypercentofourstudentsparticipateinathleticsofsomekind.StudentorganizationsJoinourmunityofover500studentorganizations.YoucangettoknowstudentorganizationsatourStudentOrganizationFair,anannualtraditionthattakesplacethefirstweekofclass.YoucanalsowriteforthestudentnewspaperontheAssociatedPress.Evenifyoudon’tseeaclubthatmatchesyourinterests,we’rereadytohelpyousetupone!Doesthatsoundamazingtoyou?munityserviceGivingbacktomunitiesisanidealfundamentaltoHarvard’smission.ThePhillipsBrooksHouseAssociationandtheCollegePublicServiceNetworkoffersmorethan120serviceinitiatives(方案)andprogramsfrominstructinglocalyouthtopromotingenvironmentalsustainabilityandrunningahomelessshelter.Forthosededicatedtomunityinitiatives,Harvardalsooffersavarietyoffundingsources一thatsupportyourgoalstoservethosearoundyou.LeadershipTheInstituteofPolitics(IOP)attheHarvardKennedySchoolconnectsstudentswithpoliticalleadersandexperiencedcivilservants.HarvardundergraduateshaveaccesstotheInstitute’sJohnF.KennedyJr.Forum,oneoftheworld’sbestgroundsforpoliticalspeech,discussion,anddebate.Clickheretokeeptrackofrelevantinformation.1.Whichactivityseemsattractivetomoststudents?A.Athletics. B.Studentorganizations. C.munityservice. D.Leadership.2.Whatcanyoudoifthereisnoclubfitforyou?A.Joinastudentorganization. B.Askforhelptocreateone.C.Setuparecreationalactivity. D.Servethepeoplearoundyou.3.Howcanyougettoknowmoreabouttheseactivities?A.Bywritingfortheschoolnewspaper. B.Byreferringtotheserviceinitiatives.C.BypayingavisittoHarvardgraduates. D.Bysurfingtherelatedschoolwebsite.【答案】1A2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四種在哈佛大學(xué)中為友誼和自我發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)的學(xué)生活動(dòng)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Morethaneightypercentofourstudentsparticipateinathleticsofsomekind.(我們百分之八十以上的學(xué)生參加了某種形式的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)。)可知，大多數(shù)學(xué)生才加的活動(dòng)是田徑，即對(duì)大多數(shù)大學(xué)生有吸引力的活動(dòng)是田徑。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Evenifyoudon’tseeaclubthatmatchesyourinterests,we’rereadytohelpyousetupone!(即使您沒(méi)有看到符合您興趣的俱樂(lè)部，我們也隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備幫助您建立一個(gè)！)”可知，如果沒(méi)有適合你的俱樂(lè)部，可以尋求幫助建立一個(gè)。故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Clickheretokeeptrackofrelevantinformation.(單擊此處跟蹤相關(guān)信息。)”可知，如果要了解更多信息，就要瀏覽學(xué)校相關(guān)的網(wǎng)站來(lái)獲得相關(guān)信息。故選D。BSilentfilmssetupAmerica’smovieindustry.Butmanyofthesefilmsfromtheearly1900snolongerexist.Anewprojectaimstorepresenttheflavorofthesemoviesbydigitizing(數(shù)字化)oldadvertisementsforthemandpublishingthematerialsonline.TheideafortheprojectcamefromChicagobasedcollectorDwightCleveland,whowasintroducedtothesilentmovieadvertisements,alsocalledlobby(大廳)cards,asahighschoolstudentinthe1970s.Hethenfellinlovewiththecolors,designsandotherelementsusedinthemoviecards.Thatenjoyableexperiencemadehimwanttostarthisowncollection.“Itjustsortofscreamedout,‘Takemehome!’“Clevelandsaid.Thecardsweremadetobeplacedinsidetheareaoutsidetheaterentrances,alsoknownaslobbies.Thecardsinformedfilmgoersaboutwhatmovieswerecurrentlyplayingaswellasfilmsthatwouldarrivenext.TheyadvertisedallthatearlyHollywoodhadtooffer,includingedies,lovestoriesandactionmovies.About90percentofallsilentfilmshavebeenlost.Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthatthechemicalsusedtomakemanyoftheearlyfilmsbrokedownovertime.”Whatthatmeansisthatthesemoviecardsaretheonlyproofthatthesefilmsevenexisted,Clevelandsaid.ClevelandhasbeensendingexamplesfromhispersonalcollectiontoDartmouth’sMediaEcologyProject,whichisledbyMarkWilliam,aprofessoroffilmstudies.Whenpleted,itwillbeepartofalargecollectionofrareandvaluableelementsrelatingtoearlyandmostlylostAmericanfilms.Williamsaidthemaingoaloftheprojectistomakethematerialavailabletoearlymoviefansandscholarsalike.Headdedthathebelievespublishingthecollectionwillleadtoanewinterestinthesilentfilmtime.4.WhydidClevelandhavetheideaofcollectinglobbycards?A.Todecoratehishome. B.Toholdacardexhibition.C.Todesigndifferentadvertisements. D.Togetpleasurefromthem.5.Whatcouldthecardsbeusedfor?A.Beautifyingthetheaterlobby. B.Recordingvariousearlyfilms.C.Makingmovieinformationknown. D.Showingfilmgoerstotheirseats.6.WhatisWilliam’sattitudetowardstheproject?A.Confident. B.Cautious.C.Doubtful. D.Worried.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LostMaterials:etoLife B.SilentMovies:DisappearforEverC.LobbyCards:ExpressSilentFilms D.AmericaMovies:ChangewithTime【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹通過(guò)電影大堂卡的方式呈現(xiàn)20世紀(jì)初美國(guó)早期的無(wú)聲電影的項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheideafortheprojectcamefromChicagobasedcollectorDwightCleveland,whowasintroducedtothesilentmovieadvertisements,alsocalledlobby(大廳)cards,asahighschoolstudentinthe1970s.Hethenfellinlovewiththecolors,designsandotherelementsusedinthemoviecards.Thatenjoyableexperiencemadehimwanttostarthisowncollection.“Itjustsortofscreamedout,‘Takemehome!’“Clevelandsaid.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的想法來(lái)自芝加哥的收藏家德懷特·克利夫蘭，他在20世紀(jì)70年代還是一名高中生時(shí)接觸到默片廣告，也被稱(chēng)為電影大堂卡。然后，他愛(ài)上了電影卡片中使用的顏色、設(shè)計(jì)和其他元素。這段愉快的經(jīng)歷讓他想開(kāi)始自己的收藏?！八皇羌饨兄?，‘帶我回家!’”克利夫蘭說(shuō)。)”可推斷，克利夫蘭會(huì)有收集電影大堂卡的想法是因?yàn)閺乃鼈兩砩系玫綐?lè)趣。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thecardsinformedfilmgoersaboutwhatmovieswerecurrentlyplayingaswellasfilmsthatwouldarrivenext.(這些卡片告訴電影觀眾目前正在上映的電影以及下一部即將上映的電影。)”可知，這些卡片可以讓電影信息為人所知。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Williamsaidthemaingoaloftheprojectistomakethematerialavailabletoearlymoviefansandscholarsalike.Headdedthathebelievespublishingthecollectionwillleadtoanewinterestinthesilentfilmtime.(威廉說(shuō)，該項(xiàng)目的主要目標(biāo)是讓早期影迷和學(xué)者都能獲得這些材料。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，他相信這本文集的出版將引發(fā)人們對(duì)默片時(shí)代的新興趣。)”可知，威廉對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度是自信的。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewprojectaimstorepresenttheflavorofthesemoviesbydigitizing(數(shù)字化)oldadvertisementsforthemandpublishingthematerialsonline.(一個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目旨在通過(guò)將這些電影的舊廣告數(shù)字化并在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布材料來(lái)呈現(xiàn)這些電影的味道。)”和第三段“Thecardsweremadetobeplacedinsidetheareaoutsidetheaterentrances,alsoknownaslobbies.Thecardsinformedfilmgoersaboutwhatmovieswerecurrentlyplayingaswellasfilmsthatwouldarrivenext.(這些卡片被放置在劇院入口外的區(qū)域，也被稱(chēng)為電影大堂。這些卡片告訴電影觀眾目前正在上映的電影以及下一部即將上映的電影。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹通過(guò)電影大堂卡的方式呈現(xiàn)20世紀(jì)初美國(guó)早期的無(wú)聲電影的項(xiàng)目。所以“LobbyCards:ExpressSilentFilms(電影大堂卡：表達(dá)無(wú)聲電影)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。CChineseelementsareseeneverywhereatthe2022FIFAWorldCupinQatar,fromstadiumconstructionandbrandmarketingtomascotmanufacturing(制造),providingstrongsupportforthegrandfootballevent.Thegoldenbowlshapedstadiumislocated15kilometersnorthofDoha,capitalofQatar.ServingasthelargestsportingvenueinQatar,ithostsimportantmatches.Tomakethefootballpitch(場(chǎng)地)andtheaudienceareacoolerandmorefortable,independentcoolingstationswerebuiltoutsidethestadium,sendingcoolbreezesintothestadium.HassanAlThawadisaidtheplexstructureprovesthegreatskillsandserviceabilityofChinesefirms,addingthatthosewhowatchthegamesinthevenueshouldbegratefultoChineseengineersandconstructors.In2020,ChinesemanufacturerYutongwasselectedtoprovideservicevehiclesfortheQatarWorldCup.Thepanyequippeditsbuseswithadevicethatprotectsthemotorsfromsandandmud,employedliquidcoolingpowerbatteriesandadoptedanintelligenttemperaturecontrolinthebuses.ItisreportedthatQatarhasimported1,500busesfromChina,including888electriconestomeetthetransportationdemand.ItmarkedthefirsttimeforamajorglobalsportseventtouseChinesenewenergybusesinsuchlargequantities.Inadesert80kilometerswestofDoha,thereisavastphotovoltaic(PV)powerstationwithatotalareaequalto1,400standardfootballpitches.BuiltbythePowerChinaGuizhouEngineeringCo.,Ltd.,the800MWAlKharsaahSolarPowerPlanthasover2millionPVpanelsthatareabletogenerate1.8billionkilowatthoursofcleanelectricityforQatareachyear.Itcansupplyaround300,000localhouseholdsandmainlyreduce900,000tonsofCO2emissionsonanannualbasis.MoreChineseelementscanbeseenbothonandoffthefieldinQatar.TheappearanceofrefereesMaNing,ShiXiangandCaoYimarksthefirsttimeintherecent20yearsforChineserefereestojudgeWorldCupgames.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutHassanAlThawadifromParagraph2?A.HethinksmuchofQatar’sclimate. B.Heknowsthestadium’sfunctionwell.C.Hespeakshighlyoffootballwatchers. D.HegreatlypraisesChinesecontributions.9.WhatdoweknowabouttheChineseYutongbuses?A.Theyarecheapandfortable. B.Theyareusedinmanyfields.C.Theyareprovidedwithhightechnology. D.Theyareeasytomakeandoperate.10.HowisParagraph4developedtointroducethePVpowerstation?A.Bygivingadvice. B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Bymakingparison. D.Byexplainingreasons.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ChineseelementsshineatQatarWorldCup.B.ChinesegoodsbeequitepopularinQatar.C.ChineserefereesfirstjudgeWorldCupgames.D.ChinesepaniesmakegreateffortsforQatar.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹中國(guó)元素在卡塔爾世界杯大放異彩。8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“HassanAlThawadisaidtheplexstructureprovesthegreatskillsandserviceabilityofChinesefirms,addingthatthosewhowatchthegamesinthevenueshouldbegratefultoChineseengineersandconstructors.(哈?！ぐ枴に叩媳硎荆瑥?fù)雜的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)證明了中國(guó)企業(yè)的高超技術(shù)和服務(wù)能力，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，那些在場(chǎng)館觀看比賽的人應(yīng)該感謝中國(guó)工程師和施工人員。)”可推斷，哈?！ぐ枴に叩细叨荣潛P(yáng)了中國(guó)的貢獻(xiàn)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thepanyequippeditsbuseswithadevicethatprotectsthemotorsfromsandandmud,employedliquidcoolingpowerbatteriesandadoptedanintelligenttemperaturecontrolinthebuses.(該公司在公交車(chē)上安裝了一種保護(hù)電機(jī)免受沙子和泥漿傷害的裝置，采用了液冷動(dòng)力電池，并在公交車(chē)上采用了智能溫度控制。)”可知，中國(guó)宇通客車(chē)擁有高科技。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Inadesert80kilometerswestofDoha,thereisavastphotovoltaic(PV)powerstationwithatotalareaequalto1,400standardfootballpitches.BuiltbythePowerChinaGuizhouEngineeringCo.,Ltd.,the800MWAlKharsaahSolarPowerPlanthasover2millionPVpanelsthatareabletogenerate1.8billionkilowatthoursofcleanelectricityforQatareachyear.Itcansupplyaround300,000localhouseholdsandmainlyreduce900,000tonsofCO2emissionsonanannualbasis.(在多哈以西80公里的沙漠中，有一座面積相當(dāng)于1400個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)足球場(chǎng)的大型光伏發(fā)電站。由中國(guó)電建貴州工程建造的800兆瓦AlKharsaah太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電廠擁有200多萬(wàn)塊光伏電池板，每年可為卡塔爾提供18億千瓦時(shí)的清潔電力。每年可為當(dāng)?shù)丶s30萬(wàn)戶家庭供能，主要減少90萬(wàn)噸二氧化碳排放。)”可推斷，本段通過(guò)列出數(shù)字介紹光伏電站的。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Chineseelementsareseeneverywhereatthe2022FIFAWorldCupinQatar,fromstadiumconstructionandbrandmarketingtomascotmanufacturing(制造),providingstrongsupportforthegrandfootballevent.(2022年卡塔爾世界杯從場(chǎng)館建設(shè)、品牌營(yíng)銷(xiāo)到吉祥物制作，處處可見(jiàn)中國(guó)元素，為這一足球盛事提供了有力支撐。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹中國(guó)元素在卡塔爾世界杯大放異彩。故選A。DManydiseasesandmedicalconditionsarecausedbythingsoutofourcontrol.Yetexpertssayyoucancontrolandevenpreventmanyoftheriskfactorsthatincreaseyourchancesofdying.Sodoctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy—Smile!AnandChockalingamisaheartdiseasespecialistatUniversityofMissouriHealthCareinColumbia,Missouri.Headviseshispatientstosmile,“Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringgetsinfluenced.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive.”Hesayssmilingisafirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstress.ThisisnotjustNewAgeadvice.SeveralstudiesareinfavorofDr.Chockaligam’sprescription(處方)tosmilemore.Themaincauseofheartattacksandstrokesareblockagesinbloodvessels(血管).Thesepreventbloodfromflowingtotheheartorthebrain.Themostmonreasonfortheseblockagesisabuildupoffattydepositsontheinnerwallsofthearteries.Whenyoufeelstressedorunderpressure,yourbodyreleasesmanynaturalhormones(激素)includingadrenalineandcortisol.Adrenalineincreasesyourheartrateandbloodpressure.Cortisolisthebody’smainstresshormone.Itincreasessugarinthebloodstream.Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.Theyarepartofwhatwecallourfightorflightresponse.However,whenstressedforalongperiod,thesestresshormonesareeverpresentinourbodies.Andthat,medicalresearcherswarn,mayleadtohealthproblems.Dr.Chockalingamsaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelp.Hetellshispatientstosmile20timesanhour.Tosome,thatmightseemlikealotofsmiling.Orsomemightevenfeelfoolish...smilingforseeminglynoreason.Butasmiledoesnotinvolvedrugsoroperations.Itisfreeandithasnobadsideeffects.“Oncepeoplesmile,theyarerelaxing.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,andimprovessugarlevelsintheblood.Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth,”anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone’shearthealth.12.WhatdoesthewriterwanttohighlightinParagraph1?A.Takingmoreexercise. B.Smilingmore.C.Avoidingsmokingandalcohol. D.Controllingillnessanddeath.13.WhyisAnandChockalingammentioned?A.Toshowhistalent. B.Tosupportaconclusion.C.Todescribeseveralnewstudies. D.Toanalyzehispatients’prescriptions.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inParagraph3probablyreferto?A.heartattacks B.bloodvesselsC.strokes D.blockages15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsofsmiling. B.Theadvantagesofrelaxation.C.Theeffectoflowbloodpressure. D.Thewayofpreventingstresshormone.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了人們可以通過(guò)微笑為身體健康提供額外的保護(hù)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Manydiseasesandmedicalconditionsarecausedbythingsoutofourcontrol.Yetexpertssayyoucancontrolandevenpreventmanyoftheriskfactorsthatincreaseyourchancesofdying.Sodoctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy—Smile!(許多疾病和醫(yī)療狀況是由我們無(wú)法控制的事情引起的。然而，專(zhuān)家表示，你可以控制甚至預(yù)防許多增加死亡幾率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。因此，醫(yī)生敦促我們吃健康的食物，多鍛煉，戒煙，限制我們的酒精攝入量。但你還有別的辦法。它是免費(fèi)的和容易的——微笑!)”可知，第一段作者提到了預(yù)防增加死亡危險(xiǎn)的因素的醫(yī)生提出的方法，但是你還可以通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單容易的，不用花錢(qián)的微笑來(lái)預(yù)防，因此推斷第一段作者想要強(qiáng)調(diào)更多的微笑對(duì)健康有益，故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy—Smile!(但你還有別的辦法。它是免費(fèi)和容易的——微笑!)”可知，作者提出了微笑對(duì)健康有益，且容易做到；結(jié)合第二段的“AnandChockalingamisaheartdiseasespecialistatUniversityofMissouriHealthCareinColumbia,Missouri.Headviseshispatientstosmile,“Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringgetsinfluenced.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive.”Hesayssmilingisafirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstress.(AnandChockalingam是密蘇里州哥倫比亞密蘇里大學(xué)醫(yī)療保健中心的心臟病專(zhuān)家。他建議他的病人微笑，“當(dāng)我們微笑時(shí)，大腦回路會(huì)受到影響。釋放的化學(xué)物質(zhì)更積極。”他說(shuō)，微笑是對(duì)抗身體和精神壓力的第一步。)”可知，AnandChockalingam提倡他的病人微笑，微笑可以對(duì)抗身體和精神壓力，因此推斷作者提到AnandChockalingam是為支持上一段提出的結(jié)論，故選B?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Themaincauseofheartattacksandstrokesareblockagesinbloodvessels(血管).Thesepreventbloodfromflowingtotheheartorthebrain.Themostmonreasonfortheseblockagesisabuildupoffattydepositsontheinnerwallsofthearteries.(心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的主要原因是血管堵塞。它們會(huì)阻止血液流向心臟或大腦。這些阻塞最常見(jiàn)的原因是脂肪沉積在動(dòng)脈內(nèi)壁。)”可知，劃線詞these指代上文提到的堵塞，這些堵塞阻止血液流向心臟和大腦。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“‘Oncepeoplesmile,theyarerelaxing.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,andimprovessugarlevelsintheblood.Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth,’anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone’shearthealth.(“一旦人們微笑了，他們就放松了。這種放松直接降低血壓，提高血液中的血糖水平。如果我們微笑，我們就打破了壓力和健康之間的聯(lián)系，”這可能會(huì)為每個(gè)人的心臟健康提供一點(diǎn)額外的保護(hù)。)”可知，最后一段講述了微笑讓人們放松，降低血壓，提高血糖水平，打破壓力和健康的關(guān)系，提供對(duì)心臟的保護(hù)，因此可知最后一段講述微笑的益處，故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThepleasuresoflearningLearningisanaturalpleasure,inbornandinstinctive(本能的),oneoftheessentialpleasuresofthehumanrace.WhenArchimedesdiscoveredtheprincipleofspecificgravitybyobservinghisowndisplacementofwaterinabathtub(浴缸),hejumpedoutwithdelight,shouting,“Eureka,Eureka!”(Ihavefoundit).____16____Thispleasureisnotlimitedtolearningfromtextbooks,whicharetoooftenboring.____17____Byopeningabook,onecanconnectwithavoicefordistantintimeandspace,andhearitspeaking,mindtomind,hearttoheart.Asforreadingbooks,thiscontainstwodifferentdelights.Oneisthepleasureofunderstandingtheunexpected,suchaswhenonemeetsanewauthorwhohasanewvisionoftheworld.____18____Farbeyondbooks,learningmeanskeepingthemindopenandactivetoreceiveallkindsofexperiences.Amongthepleasuresoflearning,weshouldincludetravel,travelwithanopenmind,analerteyeandawishtounderstandotherpeoples,otherplaces,ratherthanlookinginthemforamirrorimageofoneself.____19____Everynewartyoulearnappearslikeanewwindowontheuniverse,whichhelpsyouacquireanewsense.Crafts,too,arewellworthexploring.Mostcraftscontainoneessentialpleasure,thepleasureofmakingsomethingthatwilllast.____20____Insteadofdecreasing,intime,likehealthandstrength,itsreturnsgoonincreasing,providedthatyouaimthroughoutyourlife,asyoucontinuelearningtointegrate(整合)yourthoughtstomakeitharmonious.A.Butitdoesincludelearningfrombooks.B.Learningextendsourlivesintonewdimensions(維度).C.ThisshoutmeansArchimedesenjoyedplayingwithwater.D.Theotherpleasureisofdeepeningone’sknowledgeofaspecialfield.E.Learningalsomeanslearningtopractice,oratleasttoappreciateanart.F.Manhastheabilitytoattainhappiness,andlearningisthebestwaytoachieveit.G.Theoutburstfrominstinctandthejoyofitssatisfactionarepossessedbyallpeople.【答案】16.G17.A18.D19.E20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣，途徑及益處?！?6題詳解】上文“WhenArchimedesdiscoveredtheprincipleofspecificgravitybyobservinghisowndisplacementofwaterinabathtub(浴缸),hejumpedoutwithdelight,shouting,“Eureka,Eureka!”(Ihavefoundit).”（當(dāng)阿基米德通過(guò)觀察自己在浴缸里的排水量發(fā)現(xiàn)了比重原理時(shí)，他高興地跳起來(lái)，大喊道“我發(fā)現(xiàn)了，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了！”）描述了阿基米德發(fā)現(xiàn)新原理的激動(dòng)。G項(xiàng)“Theoutburstfrominstinctandthejoyofitssatisfactionarepossessedbyallpeople.”（本能的爆發(fā)和本能滿足時(shí)的喜悅是每個(gè)人都擁有的。）承接上文，總結(jié)阿基米德發(fā)現(xiàn)新原理的表現(xiàn)是“本能的爆發(fā)和本能滿足時(shí)的喜悅”，并推而廣之，擴(kuò)大到每一個(gè)人，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Thispleasureisnotlimitedtolearningfromtextbooks,whicharetoooftenboring”（這種喜悅感并不局限于從課本學(xué)習(xí)，那就太無(wú)聊了。）說(shuō)明從課本學(xué)習(xí)不是獲取這種喜悅的唯一方式，并結(jié)合下文“Byopeningabook,onecanconnectwithavoicefordistantintimeandspace,andhearitspeaking,mindtomind,hearttoheart.”（打開(kāi)一本書(shū)，一個(gè)人可以和來(lái)自遙遠(yuǎn)時(shí)空的聲音取得聯(lián)系，聆聽(tīng)它，與它進(jìn)行心靈對(duì)話。）描述了書(shū)本學(xué)習(xí)的好處，可知，前后句意相反，故A項(xiàng)“Butitdoesincludelearningfrombooks.”（但它的確包括從書(shū)中汲取知識(shí)。）銜接恰當(dāng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Oneisthepleasureofunderstandingtheunexpected,suchaswhenonemeetsanewauthorwhohasanewvisionoftheworld.”（一種是意外之喜，比如當(dāng)一個(gè)人遇到了一位新的作家，他對(duì)世界有一個(gè)新視角的時(shí)候。）描述了讀書(shū)的一種樂(lè)趣，D項(xiàng)“Theotherpleasureisofdeepeningone’sknowledgeofaspecialfield.”（另一種樂(lè)趣是加深了一個(gè)人對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的認(rèn)知。）描述了讀書(shū)的第二種樂(lè)趣，照應(yīng)上文“Asforreadingbooks,thiscontainstwodifferentdelights.”（至于閱讀書(shū)籍，包含兩種不同的樂(lè)趣。），銜接恰當(dāng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“Everynewartyoulearnappearslikeanewwindowontheuniverse,whichhelpsyouacquireanewsense.”（你學(xué)到的每一種新藝術(shù)似乎都像打開(kāi)宇宙中的一扇新窗戶，幫助你獲得新鮮感。）描述了學(xué)習(xí)的另一種途徑，即學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。E項(xiàng)“Learningalsomeanslearningtopractice,oratleasttoappreciateanart.”（學(xué)習(xí)也意味著要學(xué)會(huì)實(shí)踐，或者至少能欣賞一種藝術(shù)。）銜接后文，句意一致。故選E項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】下文“Insteadofdecreasing,intime,likehealthandstrength,itsreturnsgoonincreasing,providedthatyouaimthroughoutyourlife,asyoucontinuelearning,tointegrate(整合)yourthoughts,tomakeitharmonious”（不像健康和能量那樣，隨著時(shí)間的流逝會(huì)逐漸減弱，它的回報(bào)會(huì)持續(xù)增加，只要在你這一生繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，立志把你的思想融會(huì)貫通，使之和諧。）從更高的維度說(shuō)明了學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)的好處。B項(xiàng)“Learningextendsourlivesintonewdimensions”（學(xué)習(xí)能夠把我們的生命延伸到新的維度。）深化了學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)含及好處，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnaFridayeveninginDecember,twoweeksbeforeChristmas,Ilostmyjob.Ihadn’tseeniting.Iwasexcitedfortheweekend,whenmydaughter,Kristil,andIplannedtogetourChristmas____21____.ThenIlistenedtomyvoicemail:“We’resorrybutyour____22____hasendedasoftoday.”Myheart____23____.Iwastheonlyparent.Mypaycheck(薪水)wassurvival,withoutwhichwecouldn’t____24____.ThenextdaywesearchedforourtreeandIstruggledtobe____25____asIeyedeachpricetag.Mondaymorning,Isetoffonmy____26____way.Iheadedtothepawnshop(典當(dāng)鋪)and____27____thedaywith$220richer.Overthenextweek,I____28____appliedforjobsasmybankaccountgrewsmaller.Oneafternoon,myoldprofessor,SisterEsther____29____.Justherappearancegaveme_____30_____thatthingswouldbeallright.I_____31_____heracupoftea,andwetalked.Asshegotupto_____32_____,shehandedmeaChristmascard.WhenIopenedhercard,Ibreathed_____33_____.Hundreddollarbills_____34_____ontothetable.Gratefultearswelled(涌入)intomyeyesasI_____35_____.SisterEstherhadgivenme$1,000.OnChristmasmorning,KristilandI_____36_____aroundourtree,andIjoyfullywatchedassheopenedhergifts.Isilently_____37_____SisterEstherinmyheart.Ithasbeen14years_____38_____thatChristmas.SisterEstherhaspassedaway,buttheloveshegaveduringherlife_____39_____intheheartsofmany.Iam_____40_____tobeoneofthem.21.A.tree B.card C.dinner D.party22.A.trip B.work C.visit D.vacation23.A.beat B.paused C.softened D.sank24.A.trade B.entertain C.manage D.bear25.A.curious B.cheerful C.generous D.cautious26.A.moneymaking B.jobhunting C.familybuilding D.giftshopping27.A.wasted B.ended C.played D.possessed28.A.nervously B.impatiently C.crazily D.unwillingly29.A.startedout B.rangup C.answeredback D.cameby30.A.hope B.respect C.pressure D.information31.A.ordered B.promised C.found D.made32.A.leave B.greet C.drink D.municate33.A.withdifficulty B.witheffort C.inshock D.inpanic34.A.shone B.fell C.lay D.stuck35.A.prayed B.cooked C.nodded D.counted36.A.gathered B.hid C.raced D.wandered37.A.reminded B.thanked C.mentioned D.missed38.A.after B.until C.since D.before39.A.spreadsout B.diesaway C.coolsdown D.liveson40.A.determined B.expected C.lucky D.eager【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D36.A37.B38.C39.D40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在圣誕節(jié)前兩周失業(yè)了，生活一度變得拮據(jù)，Esther修女及時(shí)向作者伸出援助之手，給了作者1000美元作為“圣誕禮物”。這使作者和女兒度過(guò)了愉快的圣誕節(jié)。這件事對(duì)作者產(chǎn)生深刻的影響，一直對(duì)Esther修女保持著感激的心情?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：周末我很興奮，我和女兒Kristil打算去買(mǎi)圣誕樹(shù)。A.tree樹(shù)；B.card卡片；C.dinner晚餐；D.party聚會(huì)。與后文“Thenextdaywesearchedforourtree(第二天，我們開(kāi)始尋找我們的樹(shù))”相呼應(yīng)，這里應(yīng)是“tree”，作者和女兒打算購(gòu)買(mǎi)圣誕樹(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)。22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我聽(tīng)了我的語(yǔ)音郵件：“很抱歉，你的工作截至今天已經(jīng)結(jié)束了?！盇.trip旅行；B.work工作；C.visit參觀，訪問(wèn)；D.vacation假期。前文“OnaFridayeveninginDecember,twoweeksbeforeChristmas,Ilostmyjob.(12月的一個(gè)周五晚上，圣誕節(jié)前兩周，我丟了工作。)”提到了作者圣誕節(jié)前兩周失業(yè)了，因此這里應(yīng)是與“job”相呼應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的心沉了下去。A.beat擊打；B.paused暫停，停頓；C.softened變軟，態(tài)度緩和；D.sank下沉。根據(jù)前文“We’resorrybutyour____2____hasendedasoftoday.(很抱歉，你的工作截至今天已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。)”可知，作者被通知失業(yè)了，因此心情應(yīng)是很低落。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的薪水是用來(lái)維持生計(jì)的，沒(méi)有它我們無(wú)