高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第1部分 基礎(chǔ)知識解讀 Unit 3 Science and nature（B卷）課后分層集訓(xùn) 牛津譯林版必修5-牛津版高三必修5英語試題

Unit3Scienceandnature(B卷)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2017·濟(jì)南高三模擬)Peopleneedtoseekoutnewfoodsbecausetheworldhassomanymouthstofeed.Asof2015，therearemorethansevenbillionpeopleonEarth，accordingtotheUnitedNations.Andby2100thatnumbermaydouble.Feedingallofthesepeoplemeansnotonlyimprovingthewayfoodsaregrown，butalsofindingnewsourcesofnutrition.Andthat_questisbecomingevermoreurgent.Ifnothingchanges，within35years，theworld'sappetitewillbegreaterthantheamountoffoodsproduced.That'saccordingtoareportreleasedlastyear.ItwaspreparedbytheGlobalHarvestInitiative，aprivateagriculturegroupbasedinWashington，D.C.Globalwarming，too，ischangingfoodproduction.Scientistspredictthatrisingtemperatureswillreducethegrowthofimportantcropslikewheats，cornsandsoybeans.Low-incomedevelopingcountrieswillbehitthehardest.Whenharvestsfall，cropsbecomemoreexpensive.Andsincethosefoodsarealsousedtofeedanimalslikecowsandpigs，meatprices，too，willrise.Allovertheworld，researchersareracingagainsttheclocktofigureouthowbesttofeedmorepeopleinafast-changingworld.Andsomesurprisingideashavebeguntocomeup.Twoyearsago，scientistsintroducedthefirstburgermadefrommeatgrowninalab.Theprojectcostmorethan$300，000，butit'sastart.Otherresearchersaredevelopingseedsthatcansurvivehightemperaturesanddrought.Stillothersarefindingwaystoimprovethegenesofmeatanimalssotheyproducemoremeatandcanstandtheheat.Agloomy(悲觀的)forecastfortheplanetisn'ttheonlyreasontostudyfoodsforthefuture.It'sacreativequestthatwillinspirepeoplewhocanthinkinnewwaysaboutexistingplantsandanimals—eveninsects.Theseresearchershaveusedtheirtalentsinwaysthateventheyneverwouldhavepredicted.【語篇解讀】本文主要講的是在全球變暖的環(huán)境下，人們應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對日益膨脹的人口的溫飽問題。1．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thatquest”inParagraph2referto?A．Theresearchonfoods.B．Theincreaseofpopulation.C．Thevarietyofnutrition.D．Thechangeofappetite.A[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句及下文的食物研究可知，畫線詞指對食物的研究。]2．Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectlow-incomedevelopingcountries?a．Increasemeatprices.b．Raisethetemperature.c．Reducethegrowthofcrops.d．Leadtothehighcostoflife.e．Causeahigherpriceforcrops.A．b→a→c→d→e B．c→a→b→d→eC．d→e→c→a→b D．b→c→e→a→dD[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的整體內(nèi)容可知，全球變暖首先是導(dǎo)致氣溫上升，然后是農(nóng)作物減產(chǎn)，從而農(nóng)作物價(jià)格上漲，進(jìn)而肉類漲價(jià)，最終會導(dǎo)致人們生活成本增加。]3．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A．Newwaysoffarming.B．Somegreatresearchers.C．Progressinfoodresearch.D．Achievementsinlabexperiments.C[段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Andsomesurprisingideashavebeguntocomeup”并結(jié)合本段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，本段主要講述的是食物研究方面的進(jìn)步。]4．Whatwillbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Examplesofsuccessfulfoodresearchers.B．Differentopinionsaboutthefuturefood.C．Methodsofdealingwithglobalwarming.D．Possibilitiesoffeedingthepresentpopulation.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Theseresearchershaveusedtheirtalentsinwaysthateventheyneverwouldhavepredicted”并結(jié)合本段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，下文會舉一些成功的食物研究者的例子。]B(2017·合肥高三檢測)Bluewhalesarethelargestanimalseverknowntohaveexistedontheplanet，andtheycangrowtoalengthof100feetandweighmorethan330，000pounds.ButrecentlyresearchershavefoundthatthesewhalesareonthemoveandtheyhavemigratedfromCaliforniawaterstoareasoffCanadaandAlaskaforthefirsttimesincecommercialwhalingendedin1965.Theresearchersidentified15bluewhalesthathaveappearedoffthecoastofBritishColumbiaandtheGulfofAlaskasince1997.FourofthesewhaleswererecognizedasonesthatwereoncesightedoffCaliforniashores，suggestingthatthewhalesarereturningtoanoldmigrationpatternbetweenthecoasts.Beforecommercialwhalingbeganintheearly1900s，bluewhaleswerefoundwidelythroughouttheNorthPacificandCaliforniawaters.Butfromthe1920stothe1960s，whalingseverelyreducedthewhalepopulations.BluewhalesneverrecoveredintheNorthPacific，makingsightingsinthisarearare.However，muchlargergroupsofwhaleshavebeenobservedclosetoCaliforniasincethe1970s.ThescientistshadpreviouslythoughtthattheCaliforniapopulationwasseparatefromthepopulationthathadhistoricallylivedintheNorthPacificwaters.ButthecurrentstudyshowsthatwhalesoffthecoastofBritishColumbiaandtheGulfofAlaskaarelikelypartoftheCaliforniapopulation.Toidentifythebluewhales，theresearcherslookedatphotosofcetaceanstakenintheNorthPacificOceanandcomparedthemwithalibraryofbluewhalepicturestakenalongthewestcoastoftheUnitedStatesandSouthernPacific.Uptonow，theresearchersarenotquitesurewhythewhalesarechangingtheirmigrationpatterns，buttheysuspectthatthewhalesmaybefollowingtheirfoodmovingfarthernorthbythechangesinoceanconditions.【語篇解讀】本文主要講的是藍(lán)鯨的遷移以及有可能引起遷移的原因。5．Accordingtothepassage，bluewhalesare________．A．followingafixedrouteofmigrationB．dyingoutduetocommercialwhalingC．movingfromthesouthtothenorthD．rarelyfoundintheSouthernPacificC[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“thewhalesmaybefollowingtheirfoodmovingfarthernorth”可推出，藍(lán)鯨正從南向北移動。故選C。]6．ThewhalepopulationintheNorthPacific________．A．isdifferentfromtheCaliforniapopulationB．isprobablypartoftheCaliforniapopulationC．hasbecomethelargestgroupsincethe1970sD．haslivedtheresincethe1960sB[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ButthecurrentstudyshowsthatwhalesoffthecoastofBritishColumbiaandtheGulfofAlaskaarelikelypartoftheCaliforniapopulation.”可知，選B。]7．Theunderlinedword“cetaceans”inParagraph5probablymeans________．A．landcreaturesB．whalespeciesC．oceanconditionsD．migrationpatternsB[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Toidentifythebluewhales，theresearcherslookedatphotosofcetaceanstakenintheNorthPacificOcean”可知，為了辨認(rèn)藍(lán)鯨，研究者看在北太平洋拍攝的有關(guān)cetaceans的照片，所以cetaceans應(yīng)該指的是鯨類。故選B。]8．Whatmightmakebluewhalesmigrateaccordingtotheresearchers?A．Commercialwhaling.B．Weatherconditions.C．Lifereproduction.D．Foodresources.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“buttheysuspectthatthewhalesmaybefollowingtheirfoodmovingfarthernorth”可知，研究者懷疑藍(lán)鯨有可能跟隨著它們的食物向北移動。故選D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2017·廣東揭陽一中高三階段考試)OnanairplaneasshewasflyingacrosstheUnitedStates，Dr.JaneGoodallnoticedawomansittingnexttoher.Sheaskedthewomanwhyshewassotired，andthewomansaidshewasabsolutely__1__becauseshe'dbeenupattwointhemorningtryingto__2__thewater.Heryoungdaughterwasinanenvironmentalgroupatschoolandherdaughter'spassionhadturnedtomakingsureher__3__waseco-friendly.Theywerestayingatthewoman'sbrother'shousethenightbeforehertrip，andinthemiddleofthenightherdaughterwokeuptothe__4__ofadrippingfaucet(水龍頭)．Thedaughteraskedfor__5__turningitoffasthefaucethandlewas__6__.Theonlywayto__7__theleakwastodigtothepipeinthefrontlawntofindthemainvalvetoturnthewateroff，andherdaughterwouldn'tgotosleepuntiltheleakstopped.Soattwointhemorning__8__inthefamilywasoutintheyardhelpingto__9__toturnoffthewater.Youngpeoplehavemuchmore__10__tostartandaccomplishchangesthanwhat__11__maybelieve.Whenchildrenmakeachangeintheirlives，familiesare__12__alongtobecomeenvironmentallyfriendly.Thestoryalsoshowsthat__13__actionscanhaveabigimpact.We__14__tothinkabout__15__eventslikeCleanandGreenWeek.Instead，alotofsmallchangescanmakea(n)__16__.Ifhundredsorthousandsofstudents__17__theirfamiliestoturnoffthetaptosavewater，movetheairconditioningtemperature__18__adegreeortwoinsummer，__19__lessandmakeotherenvironment-mentally-friendlychanges，the__20__familymaychangeitsbehaviors.【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了一個(gè)小女孩在學(xué)校是愛護(hù)環(huán)境小組的成員，一天在凌晨兩點(diǎn)她聽到了水龍頭滴答的聲音，醒來之后一看是水龍頭的把手壞了，無法關(guān)上水管，于是她就說服家里人起來一起幫她挖通往總閥門的管道，以便切斷水源。小女孩的激情已經(jīng)感染她的家人也變得愛護(hù)環(huán)境了。通過這件事說明小行動也能有很大的影響，許多小的變化也能起重要的作用。1．A.exhausted B．delightedC．sad D．a(chǎn)ngryA[根據(jù)本句前面的暗示詞“tired”和下文的描述可知這個(gè)婦女在凌晨兩點(diǎn)就起來想法關(guān)水龍頭，所以她絕對非常疲倦(exhausted精疲力竭的)。所以A項(xiàng)符合語境之意。]2．A.turnon B．turnoffC．takealong D．bringalongB[根據(jù)第二段的描述和暗示詞“turnthewateroff”可知此處的意思是凌晨兩點(diǎn)起來關(guān)(turnoff)水管。故選B。]3．A.mother B．familyC．school D．groupB[根據(jù)第8空處的暗示詞“everyoneinthefamily”可知因她的小女兒在學(xué)校是愛護(hù)環(huán)境小組的成員，她女兒的激情已經(jīng)感染她的家人(family)也變得愛護(hù)環(huán)境了。故選B。]4．A.sound B．voiceC．rhyme D．musicA[根據(jù)下文的語境可知在半夜她女兒醒了是因?yàn)槁牭搅怂堫^滴答的聲音(sound)。故選A。]5．A.advice B．pleasureC．help D．troubleC[根據(jù)下文可知本句的意思該是“女兒請求幫助(help)她把水龍頭給關(guān)上，因?yàn)樗堫^的把手壞了?！惫蔬xC。]6．A.opened B．thrownC．dropped D．brokenD[根據(jù)下文可知本句的意思該是“女兒請求幫助她把水龍頭給關(guān)上，因?yàn)樗堫^的把手壞了(broken)?！惫蔬xD。]7．A.stop B．preventC．hold D．cutA[根據(jù)本句后面的暗示詞“theleakstopped”可知本句的意思是“阻止(stop)漏水的唯一方法是朝著前面草坪里的管子挖，來找切斷水源的主閥門，而且她女兒直到止住漏水才去睡覺?！惫蔬xA。]8．A.someone B．a(chǎn)nyoneC．everyone D．nooneC[根據(jù)上文可知此句的意思該是“于是在凌晨兩點(diǎn)家里的每一個(gè)人(everyone)都到外面的院子里幫助挖水管。”故選C。]9．A.fix B．digC．mend D．fitB[根據(jù)上文可知此句的意思該是“為了切斷水源，于是在凌晨兩點(diǎn)家里的每一個(gè)人都到外面的院子里幫助挖(dig)水管?！惫蔬xB。]10．A.power B．timeC．enthusiasm D．wisdomA[根據(jù)下文可知本句的意思應(yīng)該是“年輕人開始并完成改變的力量(power)比成年人可以相信的要大得多?！惫蔬xA。]11．A.officials B．teenagersC．teachers D．a(chǎn)dultsD[根據(jù)上下文的語境和常識可知年輕人該和成年人相比，所以此句該譯成“年輕人開始并完成改變的力量比成年人(adults)可以相信的要大得多?！惫蔬xD。]12．A.saved B．praised