四川大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解合集_第1頁
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目錄2010年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2011年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2014年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2015年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2016年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2010年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepintforeach.(30’)1.OECD【答案】經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment2.NASA【答案】美國國家航空航天局3.IAEA【答案】國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)4.ASEM【答案】亞歐會(huì)議Asia-EuropeMeeting5.UNICEF【答案】聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund6.ASEAN【答案】東南亞國家聯(lián)盟7.APEC【答案】亞太經(jīng)合組織8.IPR

【答案】知識產(chǎn)權(quán)IntellectualPropertyRights9.CEPA【答案】關(guān)于建立更緊密經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的安排CloserEconomicPartnershipArrangement10.SpecialSafeguardMechanism【答案】特殊保障機(jī)制11.Sub-primeMortgageCrisis【答案】次貸危機(jī)12.FreeTradeAgreement【答案】自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定13.bondedwarehouse【答案】保稅倉庫,關(guān)棧14.EncyclopediaBritannica【答案】大英百科全書15.binaryopposition【答案】二元對立;二項(xiàng)對立;相對關(guān)系16.《論語》【答案】TheAnalectsofConfucius17.《紅樓夢》【答案】ADreaminRedMansions18.掃黃打非

【答案】eliminatepornographyandillegalpublications19.西部大開發(fā)【答案】thedevelopmentofthewestregions20.高度自治【答案】highdegreeofautonomy21.發(fā)燒門診【答案】feverclinic22.轉(zhuǎn)基因食品【答案】GMF(geneticallymodifiedfood)23.小排量汽車【答案】automobilewithsmalloutputvolume24.溫室氣體排放【答案】greenhousegasemissions25.創(chuàng)業(yè)板【答案】GEM(growthenterprisemarket)26.中國特色的社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)【答案】theChineseSocialistMarketEconomy27.選秀【答案】talentshows28.外交庇護(hù)

【答案】diplomaticasylum29.穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策【答案】prudentmonetarypolicy30.摸著石頭過河【答案】toflybytheseatofhispants;wadeacrossthestreambyfeelingthewayII.Directions:Translatethefollowingsourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagesrespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120’)SourceText1:FortheGreeks,beautywasavirtue:akindofexcellence.Personsthenwereassumedtobewhatwenowhavetocall--lamely,enviouslywholepersons.IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenaperson's“inside”and“outside,”theystillexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedbybeautyoftheotherkind.Thewell-bornyoungAthenianswhogatheredaroundSocratesfounditquiteparadoxicalthattheirherowassointelligent,sobrave,sohonorable,soseductive-andsougly.OneofSocrates'mainpedagogicalactswastobeugly-andtoteachthoseinnocent,nodoubtsplendid-lookingdisciplesofhishowfullofparadoxeslifereallywas.TheymayhaveresistedSocrates'lesson.Wedonot.Severalthousandyearslater,wearemorewaryoftheenchantmentsofbeauty.Wenotonlysplitoff--withthegreatestfacility--the'inside”(character,intellect)fromthe“outside”(looks);butweareactuallysurprisedwhensomeonewhoisbeautifulisalsointelligent,talented,good.【參考譯文】對于古希臘人來說,美麗是一種美德:一種出色表現(xiàn)。這樣的人在今天會(huì)理所當(dāng)然而又無不受嫉妒地被人們稱為"完整"的人。即使古希臘人真的曾經(jīng)將一個(gè)個(gè)體的“內(nèi)在”與“外在”區(qū)分開來,他們依然會(huì)期望這個(gè)個(gè)體的內(nèi)在美能夠與他其他方面的美相匹配。當(dāng)那些出身良好的年輕雅典

人聚集在蘇格拉底周圍時(shí),他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常矛盾的事實(shí):他們的英雄是如此地睿智,如此英勇,如此高貴,如此有誘惑力——而且,如此其貌不揚(yáng)。蘇格拉底用自己的丑陋給他的那些天真無邪的,無疑也是非??∶赖氖纪絺兩系钠渲凶钪匾囊还?jié)課就是:生活中充滿了矛盾。他們也許聽不進(jìn)去導(dǎo)師的教誨。但是我們不會(huì)。幾千年以后的今天,我們變的更加小心翼翼地對待美麗之銷魂。我們不但十分輕而易舉地把二者——“內(nèi)在”(品質(zhì),智慧)與“外在”(外表)分割開,實(shí)際上,當(dāng)我們看到一個(gè)人既漂亮同時(shí)又聰明,有才干,善良的時(shí)候,我們會(huì)感到很驚訝。SourceText2:Franklyspeaking,Adam,IcreatedEvetotameyou.Indeedsheiswiserthanyoubecausesheknowslessbutunderstandsmore.Charmisherstrengthjustasyourstrengthischarm.Doubtlessyouareactive,eager,passionate,variable,progressiveandoriginalbutsheispassive,stable,sympatheticandfaithful.Inotherwordsyouarelikeanimalswhichuseupenergy,whereassheisliketheplantswhichstoreupenergy.Henceforthyouhavegottogetalongwithherwilly-nillyinsunandrain,joysandsorrows,peaceandturbulence.ForyoutheRubiconhasbeencrossed.Itisuptoyounowtomakethesituationablessingoracurse.Iwouldrefusetoentertainanymorerequestfromyoutotakeherback.【參考譯文】亞當(dāng),坦白地講,我造出夏娃是為了馴服你。她真的要比你聰明。因?yàn)樗m然有時(shí)知道得少,但有時(shí)卻懂得多。嫵媚是她的力量,正像力氣是你的長處一樣。毫無疑問,你有活力,有渴求,有熱情,情緒容易變化,有攻擊性和獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。但她順從、穩(wěn)定、有同情心,而且忠誠。總而言之,你像動(dòng)物,靠的是力氣;而她像植物,能貯存能量。今后,不管你愿不愿意,不管在晴天還是雨天,悲傷時(shí)還是快樂時(shí),環(huán)境和平還是出現(xiàn)騷亂時(shí),你都要與她和睦相處。對你來說已沒有退路,就看你自己是把局面變成燦爛輝煌,還是弄得讓人詛咒了。我不會(huì)再同意你提出的任何讓我叫回她的請求了。SourceText3:新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)地處中國西北邊陲,亞歐大陸腹地,面積166.49萬平

方公里,占中國國土面積六分之一,陸地邊境線5600公里,周邊與8個(gè)國家接壤,是古絲綢之路的重要通道。據(jù)2000年統(tǒng)計(jì),新疆人口為1925萬人,其中漢族以外的其他民族為1096.96萬人。新疆自古以來就是一個(gè)多民族聚居和多種宗教并存的地區(qū),從西漢(公元前206年—公元24年)起成為中國統(tǒng)一的多民族國家不可分割的組成部分?!緟⒖甲g文】XinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionislocatedinChina’snorthwestfrontier,thehinterlandofEurasia,whichcoversanareaof1.6649millionsquarekilometers.Ittakesupone-sixthofChina’sterritory.ThelengthofthelandfrontierofXinjiangis5.6thousandkilometers,anditborderseightcountriesaround.It’sacrucialpassageofancientSilkRoad.Accordingtostatisticsintheyear2000,Xinjianghadapopulationof19.25million,including10.9696millionpeopleofotherethnicgroupsthantheHan-China'smajorityethnicgroup.Xinjiangisanareawherepeoplefrommorethanonenationalityliveanddiversityofreligionsexistdowntheages.SincewesternHanDynasty(206B.C-24A.D),ithasbeenaninalienablepartofChinaasaunifiedmulti-ethniccountry.SourceText4:維持生命必須的食物有三類。一是碳水化合物。碳水化合物廣泛存在于動(dòng)、植物,包括糖、淀粉及纖維分子(cellulose),為人類提供能量。碳水化合物還能合成生物過程所必須的葡萄糖和酶(enzymes)。二是脂肪。脂肪是比碳水化合物更為“濃縮”的食物能量,但是,它只作為儲(chǔ)存能量而不是立即可用的能量。三是蛋白質(zhì)。蛋白質(zhì)是由含碳、氫、氧和氮元素的大分子組成的。蛋白質(zhì)主要不是用于提供能量,而是組成生命所必須的結(jié)構(gòu)物質(zhì)?!緟⒖甲g文】Therearethreekindsoffoodstomaintainfundamentalnecessityforlife.Thefirstkindiscarbohydrate,which,includingsugar,amylumandcellulose,existsinorganismsasofanimalsandplantsandmayalsosupplyhumanbodywithenergy.Besides,carbohydratecouldalsocomposeglucoseandcelluloseinneedduringthebiological(metabolism)process.Thesecondisfat,theoneasamoreconcentratedfoodenergythancarbohydrateandbeingregardedas

thestorageenergyratherthanavailableenergy.Thencomesproteinasthethirdkind.Proteinasmadebymacromoleculesfromelementssuchascarbon,hydrogen,oxygenplusnitrogenisnotanenergysupplementbutratheranecessarystructuresubstancetomakeuporganisms.

2011年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagesrespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepintforeach.(30’)1.IOC【答案】國際奧委會(huì)2.CAAC【答案】中國民航3.FBI【答案】(美國)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局4.CPPCC【答案】中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議5.MDGS【答案】千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)6.NBA【答案】全美籃球協(xié)會(huì)7.UNEP【答案】聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃所8.DNA【答案】脫氧核糖核酸

9.principleofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities【答案】和而不同的原則10.Merger&Acquisition【答案】兼并與收購11.FannieMae&FreddieMac【答案】聯(lián)邦國民抵押協(xié)會(huì)與聯(lián)邦住宅貸款抵押公司12.Strategic&EconomicDialogue【答案】戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)濟(jì)對話13.Non-PerformingLoans【答案】不良貸款14.purchasingpowerparity【答案】購買力平價(jià)15.AfricanUnion【答案】非洲聯(lián)盟16.大規(guī)模殺傷性武器【答案】WMD(weaponsofmassdestruction)17.多邊貿(mào)易體系【答案】MultilateralTradeSystem18.依法治國【答案】therulebylaw

19.可再生能源【答案】renewableenergyresources20.西氣東輸、西電東送【答案】west-eastnaturalgastransmissionprojectandwest-eastpowertransmissionproject21.第十一屆全國人民代表大會(huì)第三次會(huì)議【答案】theThirdSessionofthe11thNationalPeople'sCongress22.“三農(nóng)”工作【答案】agriculture,ruralareasandfarmers23.《京都議定書》【答案】TokyoProtocol24.亞奧理事會(huì)【答案】OlympicCouncilofAsia25.《易經(jīng)》【答案】ThebookofChanges26.社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額【答案】socialretailgoods27.積極的財(cái)政政策【答案】proactivefiscalpolicy28.經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房【答案】affordablehousing

29.偽娘【答案】crossdresser30.中國達(dá)人秀【答案】China’sGotTalentII.Directions:Translatethefollowingsourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagesrespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120')SourceText1:Everyyear,tensofmillionsofanimalsaredissected,infected,injected,gassed,burnedandblindedinhiddenlaboratoriesoncollegecampusandresearchfacilitiesthroughouttheU.S.Stillmoreanimalsareusedtotestthesafetyofcosmetics,householdcleansersandotherconsumerproducts.Theseinnocentprimates,dogs,cats,rabbitsandotheranimalsareusedagainsttheirwillasresearchsubjectsinexperimentsandproceduresthatwouldbeconsideredsadisticallycruelweretheynotconductedinthenameofscience.Researchersclaimthattheymustbeallowedunfetteredaccesstoanimalsforexperimentsinordertofindscuresforhumandiseases,yettheyrefusetoaddresstheseriousethicalproblemsoftorturingsentientcreaturesforresearchpurposes.Ontopofthat,over-relianceonanimalexperimentationhashistoricallyhinderedscientificadvancementandendangeredhumansafetybecauseresultsfromanimalresearchtypicallycannotbeappliedtohumans.Infact,scientistcouldsavemorehumanlivesbyusinghumanenon-animalresearchandtestingmethodsthataremoreaccurateandefficient.【參考譯文】在美國每年都有成千上萬的動(dòng)物在大學(xué)校園和研究機(jī)構(gòu)秘密實(shí)驗(yàn)室里遭遇解剖,感染,注射,毒氣,燒傷和失明。還有更多的動(dòng)物被用來測試化妝品,家用清潔劑和其他消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品的安全性。這些無辜的靈長類動(dòng)物,狗啊,貓啊,老鼠啊等,有違他們的意愿被用作實(shí)驗(yàn)和項(xiàng)目的研究對象,而這些實(shí)驗(yàn)和項(xiàng)目,假如不是借用科學(xué)的名義,又是多么的扭曲

和殘忍。研究人員聲稱,為了發(fā)現(xiàn)治療人類疾病的方法,他們必須被允許自由地利用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),他們拒絕討論為了研究目的而折磨有感覺的動(dòng)物這一嚴(yán)重的道德問題。最重要的是,過度依靠動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)從歷史上來說已經(jīng)阻礙了科學(xué)的進(jìn)步,威脅了人類的安全,因?yàn)閺膶iT通過動(dòng)物研究而得到的成果并不能適應(yīng)人類。事實(shí)上,科學(xué)家通過使用人道的非動(dòng)物研究和更準(zhǔn)確有效的測試方法能挽救更多人的性命。SourceText2:Manyphilosophers,bothWesternandEastern,agreethattherearetwomajorproblemsofinduction.Thefirstisthelackofcertaintyofconclusionsdrawnbymeansofinductionthatisinherentininductivemethods.ThesecondistheextenttoWhichWehumansignoretheimportantissueofwhetherwearejustifiedinbelievingsomethingthatisbasedonlyoninductivelyderivedconclusions.Thisisartimportantissuebothscientificallyand"socially.Anyjurydecision,forexample,isarrivedatbyinductivemeansfromevidencepresentedbyprosecutorsrelyingpolicewhoarrestedsuspectsbasedontheirownuseofinductivetechniques.Wesometimesmakeirrevocabledecisions,forexample,puttingsomeonetodeath,basedoninductivereasoning(andinatleast70casesinthepastdecade,evidencenotpresentedatthetrialclearedpeoplesosentenced:insomecasesaftertheyhadbeenexecuted).Thus,inusinginductionasa-method,manyphilosopherswarnustoproceedwithextremecaution.【參考譯文】許多中西方的哲學(xué)家都認(rèn)為歸納主要存在兩個(gè)問題。第一,通過歸納法得出的結(jié)論具有不確定性,這是歸納法內(nèi)在的問題。第二,對于基于歸納導(dǎo)出的結(jié)論我們是否能公正地去相信是很重要的,但我們對這一事情忽視的程度有多少?在科學(xué)和社會(huì)中,這是一個(gè)藝術(shù)的問題。例如,陪審團(tuán)的任何決定都是歸納檢察官提供的證據(jù)得出的,而這些證據(jù)又依靠自己的歸納法抓獲嫌犯的警察。例如,有時(shí)我們基于歸納論證做出無法挽回的決定,如判某人死刑(過去10年中,沒能在審判中呈現(xiàn)的證據(jù)證明了至少有70個(gè)案子中犯人是清白:這些案子中,有的人已被處決。)因此,許多哲學(xué)家警告,在使用歸納法時(shí),我們一定要極度謹(jǐn)慎。SourceText3:

中國西部論壇秉承交流信息、聚合智慧、共謀發(fā)展的宗旨,架起了一座讓世界了解西部、讓西部走向世界的橋梁,構(gòu)建了一個(gè)世界與西部、東部與西部、西部與西都相互溝通、平等交流的平臺。中國西部論壇隨著西部大開發(fā)的啟動(dòng)而誕生,也將隨著西部大開發(fā)的推進(jìn)而延續(xù)。我相信各位極具創(chuàng)造精神、富有遠(yuǎn)見卓識的專家學(xué)者、企業(yè)家和政要們,必將為中國西部大開發(fā)提出寶貴的意見和建議,使中國西部論壇閃爍著智慧的光芒?!緟⒖甲g文】ThepurposeoftheForumistoexchangetheinformation,poolwisdom,andtopromotecooperationforcommondevelopment.TheForumwillbuildabridgefortheworldtoknowthewesternregionandforthisregiontogototheworld.ItwillalsoserveasaplatformforcommunicationbetweenwesternandeasternChinaandwithintheregionitself.TheForumhascomeintobeingwiththelaunchingoftheWesternDevelopmentProgramandwillcontinueasdevelopmentadvances.Ibelieveallofyou--innovativeandvisionaryscholars,businesspeople,andpoliticalfigures--willsharewithusyourvaluableideasconcerningthedevelopmentofthisregion.IamsureyourcontributionwillmaketheForumshinewithwisdom.SourceText4:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)成為人們獲取新聞信息的重要途徑。中國的通訊社、報(bào)社、廣播電臺、電視臺等利用資源優(yōu)勢和品牌優(yōu)勢開展網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞傳播,滿足人們的新聞信息需求,已形成人民網(wǎng)、新華網(wǎng)、央視網(wǎng)、中國廣播網(wǎng)等一批綜合新聞信息服務(wù)網(wǎng)站,不僅擴(kuò)大了權(quán)威新聞信息傳播的廣度,而且為傳統(tǒng)媒體自身發(fā)展拓展了新的空間。一批著名的商業(yè)網(wǎng)站也成為人們獲取新聞信息的重要渠道。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),80%以上的網(wǎng)民主要依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲取新聞信息。網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體的發(fā)展不僅提高了新聞傳播的時(shí)效性、有效性,而且在報(bào)道重要新聞事件中發(fā)揮了獨(dú)特作用,充分滿足了人們的信息需求。【參考譯文】TheInternethasbecomeanimportantchannelforpeopletoobtainnews.EversinceitsintroductiontoChina,theChinesepeoplehavebeenmakingfulluseoftheInternettodisseminatenews.Thenewsagencies,newspaper

offices,radioandtelevisionstationsinChinahaveusedtheirresourcesandbrandadvantagestocarryoutInternetnewscommunicationsoastomeetthepeople’sneedsfornews,andanumberofwebsitesprovidingcomprehensivenewsservices,suchasPeople’sDailyOnline,Xinhuanet,CCTV.comandCNR.cn,havebeensetup,whichhasnotonlyextendedthereachofauthoritativenews,butalsoexplorednewspaceforthetraditionalmedia’sowndevelopment.Anumberofwell-knowncommercialwebsiteshavealsobecomemajorchannelsforpeopletoobtainnews.Accordingtostatistics,over80%ofChina’snetizensmainlyrelyontheInternetfornews.ThedevelopmentoftheInternetmediahasnotonlyenhancedthetime-effectivenessandvalidityofnewscommunication,butalsoplayedauniqueroleinthereportingofimportantnewsevents,fullysatisfyingpeople’sneedforinformation.

2012年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagesrespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepintforeach.(30’)1.CPI【答案】居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)2.SME【答案】中小企業(yè)3.WWF【答案】世界自然基金會(huì)4.ISO【答案】國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織5.CIF【答案】成本加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)6.Foxconn【答案】富士康7.MOFCOM【答案】中華人民共和國商務(wù)部8.TPP【答案】跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定

9.IPCC(IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange)【答案】政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)(IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange)10.ChemicalOxygenDemand【答案】化學(xué)需氧量11.the“100,000”StrongInitiativebyPresidentObama【答案】奧巴馬提出的“十萬美國學(xué)生留學(xué)中國項(xiàng)目”12.carbonfootprint【答案】碳足跡13.debtceiling【答案】債務(wù)限額14.solarphotovoltaics【答案】太陽能光伏發(fā)電15.Standard&Poor’s【答案】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾16.非關(guān)稅壁壘【答案】non-tariffbarrier17.平板電視【答案】FPTV(flat-panelTV)18.廉租房【答案】low-renthousing

19.經(jīng)濟(jì)二次觸底【答案】adouble-dipofeconomy20.海選【答案】popularelection;first/initialaudition21.剩男剩女【答案】leftoverwomenandmen22.地溝油【答案】illegalcookingoil23.潛規(guī)則【答案】latentrules;potentialrules24.中國載人航天計(jì)劃【答案】China'smannedspaceprogram25.緊縮性貨幣政策【答案】Austeritycurrencypolicy26.云計(jì)算【答案】cloudcomputing27.民心工程【答案】LivelihoodProject28.智能城市【答案】smartcities

29.《海峽兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)合作框架協(xié)議》【答案】EconomicCooperationFrameworkAgreement30.《中庸》【答案】theDoctrineoftheMeanII.Directions:Translatethefollowingsourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagesrespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120’)SourceText1:High-speedgroundtransportation(HSGT)technologieswithvehiclespeedsexceeding150mphcanbedividedintotwobasiccategories:High-speedrail(HSR)systems,withtopspeedsbetween150and200mph,usesteelwheelsonsteelrails,aswithtraditionalrailroads,butcanachievehigherspeedsbecauseofthedesignofboththerailbedandcars.High-speedmagneticlevitation(MAGLEV)systems,withtopspeedsbetween250and300mph,useforcesofattractionorrepulsionfrompowerfulmagnetsplacedineitherthevehicleortheguidewaybeneathitbothtoliftthevehicleabovetheguidewayandtopropelitforward.AMAGLEVvehiclecanbelikenedtoaflyingtrainoraguidedaircraft.Iflinkedeffectivelywithhighwaysandairservice,HSGTtechnologies--particularlyMAGLEV--couldhaveasignificantimpactoncongestioninthefuture.WhencomparingHSRwithMAGLEVtechnologies,MAGLEVappearstobethetechnologyofchoice.ThoughthenewgenerationofHSRtechnologycanreachcommercialspeedsofupto186mph,additionalincreasesinspeedposegreatengineeringproblems,suggestingthatrailtransportationisamaturetechnology.MAGLEVtechnology,ontheotherhand,isinitsinfancyandwillimprovesubstantiallywithadditionalengineering.【參考譯文】車速超過每小時(shí)150英里的高速地面交通系統(tǒng)技術(shù),基本上可以分為兩類:一種是最高速度每小時(shí)150英里到200英里(240千米~320千米)的高速鐵路系統(tǒng),與傳統(tǒng)鐵路一樣,在鋼軌上用鋼輪。但是由于鐵軌路床和車

廂的設(shè)計(jì),可以獲得更高的速度。另一個(gè)是高速磁懸浮系統(tǒng),最高速度每小時(shí)250英里~300英里(400千米~480千米),利用安裝在列車內(nèi)或者下面導(dǎo)軌內(nèi)強(qiáng)大磁鐵的吸引力或斥力,把列車抬起來,懸浮在導(dǎo)軌上,推動(dòng)列車前進(jìn)。磁懸浮列車可以比作飛行的列車或制導(dǎo)的飛機(jī)。若同公路運(yùn)輸和空中運(yùn)輸有效地連接起來,那么高速地面交通技術(shù),特別是磁懸浮技術(shù),對解決未來的交通擁擠可能發(fā)揮重大作用。若將高速鐵路技術(shù)同磁懸浮技術(shù)作比較,磁懸浮看來會(huì)被優(yōu)先選擇。雖然新一代的高速鐵路技術(shù)能夠達(dá)到每小時(shí)186英里的商業(yè)速度,但是要額外增加速度就面臨許多工程方面的問題,這表明,鐵路運(yùn)輸已經(jīng)是一種成熟的技術(shù)。反之,磁懸浮技術(shù)則尚處于幼年階段,將會(huì)隨著工程技術(shù)的發(fā)展大大改善。SourceText2:Thefortunatepeopleintheworld-theonlyreallyfortunatepeopleintheworld,inmymind,arethosewhoseworkisalsotheirpleasure.Theclassisnotalargeone,notnearlysolargeasitisoftenrepresentedtobe;andauthorsareperhapsoneofthemostimportantelementsinitscomposition.Theyenjoyinthisrespectatleastarealharmonyoflife.Tomymind,tobeabletomakeyourworkyourpleasureistheoneclassdistinctionintheworldworthstrivingfor;andIdonotwonderthatothersareinclinedtoenvythosehappyhumanbeingswhofindtheirlivelihoodinthegayeffusionsoftheirfancy,towhomeveryhouroflaborisanhourofenjoyment,towhomreposehowevernecessary-isatiresomeinterlude,andevenaholidayisalmostdeprivation.Whetheramanwriteswellorill,hasmuchtosayorlittle,ifhecaresaboutwritingatall,hewillappreciatethepleasuresofcomposition.Tositatone’stableonasunnymorning,withfourclearhoursofuninterruptiblesecurity,plentyofnicewhitepaper,andaSqueezerpen—thatistruehappiness.Thecompleteabsorptionoftheminduponanagreeableoccupation-whatmoreistherethanthattodesire?Whatdoesitmatterwhathappensoutside?TheHouseofCommonsmaydowhatitlikes,andsomaytheHouseofLords.Theheathenmayragefuriouslyineverypartoftheglobe.ThebottommaybeknockedcleanoutoftheAmericanmarket.Consolsmayfallandsuffragettesmayrise.Nevermind,forfourhours,atanyrate,wewillwithdrawourselvesfromacommon,ill-governed,anddisorderlyworld,andwiththekeyoffancyunlockthatcupboardwhereallthegoodthingsoftheinfiniteareputaway.

【參考譯文】在我看來,世上幸運(yùn)的人——世上唯一真正幸運(yùn)的人,是那些以工作為樂的人。這樣的人并不多,還沒有人們常說的那樣多,也許,作家是其中最重要的組成部分之一。就幸運(yùn)而言,他們至少享受著生活中真正的和諧。依我看,能使工作成為樂趣,是值得世人為之奮斗崇高榮譽(yù);而且,我并不懷疑有人會(huì)羨慕這些幸福的人,因?yàn)樗麄冊诳鞓穱娪康幕孟胫蝎@得了生計(jì),對他們來說,每勞動(dòng)一小時(shí),就是享受一小時(shí),而休息——無論多么必要——是令人討厭的插曲,甚至度假也幾乎成了一種損失。無論寫得好壞,寫得多少,只要在意寫作,就可嘗到行文的樂趣。在一個(gè)陽光明媚的早晨,臨桌而坐,整整四個(gè)小時(shí)不受打擾,有足夠的雪白稿紙,還有一支“擠壓式”鋼筆——這才叫真正的幸福。全心全意地投入一項(xiàng)令人愉快的職業(yè)——此愿足矣!外面發(fā)生什么事又有何妨?下院想干什么就干什么吧,上院也可如此。異教徒可以在全球各地發(fā)作。美國市場可以徹底崩潰。證券可以下跌;女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)可以興起。沒有關(guān)系,不管怎么說,我們有四個(gè)小時(shí)可以躲開這俗氣的、治理不善的、雜亂無章的世界,用想象這把鑰匙開啟藏有大千世界一切寶物的小櫥。SourceText3:錦江在秦漢時(shí)代稱為成都二江,包括郫江(內(nèi)江)和檢江(外江)。自漢以后,二江開始有了一個(gè)詩意化的通稱:錦江。據(jù)史料記載,蜀地的織女們愛用二江的水洗濯織錦(brocade),洗后的錦緞紋理鮮明,顏色更加艷麗,因而此二江得名“錦江”。錦江的得名還與都江堰有關(guān)。在古蜀時(shí)代,岷江進(jìn)入成都平原后的水流是散漫混濁的,平原一片沼澤,難以農(nóng)耕。由于有了都江堰,用二江引渠作灌溉,濁流變?yōu)榍褰?,水害變?yōu)樗?,這才有濯錦江波的條件,才有錦江的得名。都江堰使成都平原成為沃野千里、水旱從人的天府,錦江使成都成為繁榮富庶的名都。都江堰與錦江都是成都城市文明的搖籃。錦江賦予成都天青水綠的自然環(huán)境。成都的天生麗質(zhì)離不開錦江“水綠天青不起塵,風(fēng)光和暖勝三秦”的優(yōu)良自然條件。【參考譯文】TheJinjiangRiver,duringtheQinandHandynasties,wascalledtheChengduErjiang(TwoRivers)includingtheinnerriverPijiangandouterriverJianjiang.BytheHanDynastythetworiversbecameknownbyasharedpoeticname,Jinjiang,meaningBrocadeRiver.Accordingtohistorical

record,Sichuanweaversoftenwashedtheirbrocadeinthetworiversbecausethebrocadebecamemorelustrousandbrightafterbeingwashedwiththewater.ThisiswhythetworiversbecameknownastheBrocadeRiver.ThisnamingisalsorelatedtoDujiangyan.IntheancientShutimes,theMinjiangRiverbecamemuddyandranofframpantly,turningtheareaintomarshesafteritenteredtheChengduPlain,makingfarmingontheplainimpossible.TheDujiangyanWaterProjectmadeuseofthetwoErjiangriversaswaterdiversionchannelsforirrigation.Asaresult,themuddywatersbecameclearenoughforlocalweaverstowashtheirbrocade.BoththeDujiangyanandJinjiangwerecradlesoftheurbancivilizationofChengdu,sincetheformerconvertedthesubmergedChengduPlainintoanexpanseoffertilefarmlandandthelatterbroughtprosperityandaffluencetothecityofChengdu.ThebeautyofChengduattributestothewonderfulnaturalconditionsofJinjiang,whichcanbedescribedbyalinefromaChinesepoem“Thewaterandtheskyarebluewithoutaseedofdust,thesceneryandclimateareevenbetterthanShannxi.”SourceText4:多數(shù)科學(xué)家相信,石油是由數(shù)萬億年之前億萬個(gè)生活在海洋里的微小動(dòng)植物遺體的分解物形成的。在這些生物死亡之后,遺體即腐爛,經(jīng)過數(shù)百萬年之后,便在海洋底部形成了礦泥層;由于地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)的擠壓和由此產(chǎn)生的熱量的共同作用,這些礦泥層就變成了石油。石油分餾物(組成稱為石油的混合物的東西)及其副產(chǎn)品多得不可勝數(shù):有小汽車用的汽油,火車、公共汽車和載重卡車的柴油,航空汽油,各種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)用的潤滑油,發(fā)電站和輪船用的重油,鋪路的瀝青,制造塑料、合成纖維乃至合成食品的石油化學(xué)產(chǎn)品,等等。今天,沒有石油產(chǎn)品的世界幾乎是不可想象的?!緟⒖甲g文】Mostscientistsbelievethatoilwasformedfromtheanaerobicdecayofminutecreaturesandplantsintheseamillionsofbillionsofyearsago.Thedeadbodiesofthecreaturesrottedandformedlayersofslimeaftermillionsofyears,andthroughpressureandtheresultingrisingtemperature,theselayersturnedintooil.Oilfraction(formswhatiscalledtheoilmixture)anditsotherby-productsarecountless:gasolineusedbycars,dieselusedbytrains,busesandtrucks,aviationgasoline,lubricatingoilforallkindsof

engines,heavyoilforpowerstationsandships,asphaltforbuildingroads,chemicaloilproductsforthemanufactureofplastic,syntheticfiberorevensyntheticfoodandsoon.Today,aworldwithoutoilproductsisunimaginable.

2013年四川大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.PhraseTranslation1.SAARC【答案】南亞區(qū)域合作聯(lián)盟(SouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperation)2.P5+1【答案】指在2006年針對伊朗核試驗(yàn)問題,出于外交影響而形成的6個(gè)國家,它們分別是:美國、英國、法國、中國、俄國和德國3.QE3【答案】第三輪量化寬松的貨幣政策4.Socialmedia【答案】社交媒體5.CO2equivalent【答案】二氧化碳當(dāng)量6.BRICS【答案】金磚四國(巴西、俄羅斯、印度及中國)7.Mandatoryevacuation【答案】強(qiáng)制撤離;強(qiáng)制性疏散8.the67thSessionoftheUNGeneralAssembly【答案】第67屆聯(lián)合國大會(huì)9.Non-Alignedmovement

【答案】不結(jié)盟運(yùn)動(dòng)10.CDM【答案】自動(dòng)存款機(jī)(CashDepositMachine)11.Hamidkarzai【答案】(阿富汗總統(tǒng))哈米德·卡爾扎伊12.UNCTAD【答案】聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議(UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment)13.SCO【答案】上海合作組織(ShanghaiCooperationOrganisation)14.fiscalcliff【答案】財(cái)政懸崖15.中共十八大【答案】the18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina16.移動(dòng)媒體【答案】MobileMedia17.亞歐首腦會(huì)議【答案】Asia-EuropeMeeting18.光棍節(jié)【答案】SinglesDay19.早稻田大學(xué)

【答案】WasedaUniversity20.海上風(fēng)能【答案】OffshoreWindEnergy21.反傾銷與反補(bǔ)貼【答案】Anti-dumpingandanti-subsidy22.上海期貨交易所【答案】ShanghaiFuturesExchange23.車載信息系統(tǒng)【答案】telematics/telematicsystem;VehicleInformationSystem24.倫敦金融城【答案】CityofLondon25.電視相親【答案】TVdating;TVmatch-upprogram26.文心雕龍【答案】TheLiteraryMindandtheCarvingofDragonsII.PassagetranslationSourceText1:Themisfortunesofhumanbeingsmaybedividedintotwoclasses:First,thoseinflictedbythenon-humanenvironmentand,second,thoseinflictedbyotherpeople.Asmankindhasprogressedinknowledgeandtechnique,thesecondclasshasbecomeacontinuallyincreasingpercentageofthetotal.Inoldtimes,famine,forexample,wasduetonaturalcauses,andalthough

peopledidtheirbesttocombatit,largenumbersofthemdiedofstarvation.Atthepresentmomentlargepartsoftheworldarefacedwiththethreatoffamine,butalthoughnaturalcauseshavecontributedtothesituation,theprincipalcausesarehuman.Forsixyearsthecivilizednationsoftheworlddevotedalltheirbestenergiestokillingeachother,andtheyfinditdifficultsuddenlytoswitchovertokeepingeachotheralive.Havingdestroyedharvests,dismantledagriculturalmachinery,anddisorganizedshipping,theyfinditnoeasymattertorelievetheshortageofcropsinoneplacebymeansofasuperabundanceinanother,aswouldeasilybedoneiftheeconomicsystemwereinnormalworkingorder.Asthisillustrationshows,itisnowmanthatisman’sworstenemy.Nature,itistrue,stillseestoitthatwearemortal,butwiththeprogressinmedicineitwillbecomemoreandmorecommonforpeopletoliveuntiltheyhavehadtheirfilloflife.Wearesupposedtowishtoliveforeverandtolookforwardtotheunendingjoysofheaven,ofwhich,bymiracle,themonotonywillnevergrowstale.Butinfact,ifyouquestionanycandidpersonwhoisnolongeryoung,heisverylikelytotellyouthat,havingtastedlifeinthisworld,hehasnowishtobeginagainasa‘newboy’inanother.Forthefuture,therefore,itmaybetakenthatmuchthemostimportantevilsthatmankindhastoconsiderarethosewhichtheyinflictuponeachotherthroughstupidityormalevolenceorboth.【參考譯文】人的不幸可分為兩類:第一類,乃由非人為的客觀環(huán)境所造成,第二類,由他人所造成。當(dāng)人類已然在知識與技術(shù)上有所進(jìn)步之后,第二類不幸在總數(shù)中所占的比例正在不斷增大。比如在早年間,饑荒是由自然原因造成的,盡管人們努力與其斗爭,許多人還是死于饑餓。目前,世界的大部分地區(qū)都面臨著饑荒的威脅,然而,盡管這種情況部分是由天災(zāi)所引起,但主因還是人禍。六年間,世界上的文明國家傾盡全力,彼此要將對方置于死地,它們也驀然發(fā)現(xiàn),要轉(zhuǎn)變到彼此共存的境地已然很難。破壞了收割、拆毀了農(nóng)機(jī)、打亂了貨運(yùn),它們發(fā)現(xiàn)依靠一地的豐裕來緩解另一地的糧食緊缺絕非易事。而倘若經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),這便不難做到。這個(gè)例子說明,現(xiàn)今人類最大的敵人恰恰是人類自身。誠然,以自然的眼光來看,我們?nèi)噪y逃一死,但隨著醫(yī)藥上的進(jìn)步,人們能活到壽終正寢之日的情況將變得越來越常見。我們本應(yīng)希望長生不死,也盼望著天堂中的無盡歡娛–依靠神跡可永不厭倦。然而事實(shí)上,如果你對任何一個(gè)不再年輕的誠實(shí)之人發(fā)出質(zhì)詢,則他很可能告訴你,

品嘗過這個(gè)世界上的酸甜苦辣之后,他已不愿在另一個(gè)世界中再度超生。因此,在將來,許多無法被人類所忽視的最重大之罪惡,將是他們彼此犯下的罪行–或是出于愚蠢,或是出于惡意,或者兩者兼而有之。SourceText2:Whatwastheoriginoftheoilwhichnowdrivesourmotorcarsandaircrafts?Scientistsareconfidentabouttheformationofcoal,buttheydonotseemsosurewhenaskedaboutoil.Theythinkthattheoilunderthesurfaceoftheearthoriginatedinthedistantpast,andwasformedfromlivingthingsinthesea.Countlessbillionsofminuteseacreaturesandplantslivedandsanktotheseabed.Theywerecoveredwithhugedepositsofmud,andbyprocessesofchemistry,pressureandtemperaturewerechangedthroughlongagesintowhatweknowasoil.Forthesecreaturestobecomeoil,itwasnecessarythattheyshouldbeimprisonedbetweenlayersofrockforanenormouslengthoftime.Thestatementthatoiloriginatedintheseaisconfirmedbyaglanceatamapshowingthechiefoilfieldsoftheworld:veryfewofthemarefardistantfromtheoceansoftoday.Insomeplacesgasandoilcomeuptothesurfaceoftheseafromitsbed.Therocksinwhichoilisfoundareofmarineorigintoo.Theyaresedimentaryrocks,whichwerelaiddownbytheactionofwateronthebedoftheocean.Almostalwaystheremainsofshells,andotherproofsofsealife,arefoundclosetotheoil.【參考譯文】我們現(xiàn)在開汽車、飛機(jī)使用的石油是怎樣形成的呢?科學(xué)家對解釋煤的成因已很有把握,但若是問到石油是怎樣形成的,他們似乎就不那么有把握了。他們認(rèn)為地底下的石油在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期就已經(jīng)開始形成,而且是由海中生物形成的。無數(shù)億個(gè)微小動(dòng)物和植物在海水中生長并沉入海底,上面覆蓋著大量沉積的泥沙。由于化學(xué)變化、壓力和溫度等因素影響,經(jīng)過漫長的歲月,變成了我們現(xiàn)在所說的石油。這些小動(dòng)物必須在一層層巖石之間密封起來,經(jīng)過極長的一段時(shí)間才能變成石油?!笆褪窃诤@镄纬傻摹边@一說法,只要看一下世界主要油田的分布圖,就可以得到證實(shí):只有極少數(shù)大油田是遠(yuǎn)離今天的海洋的。在有些地方,天然氣和石油從海底升上海平面。含有石油的巖層也是在海里形成的。這

種巖層是沉積巖,是在海水的作用之下沉積在洋底的。在有石油的地方附近,幾乎總可以發(fā)現(xiàn)貝類的殘骸以及海洋生物的其他遺跡。SourceText3:外文出版社專事外文圖書的編輯出版,幾十年來用英文翻譯出版了大量的中國文學(xué)作品和文化典籍,上自先秦,下迄現(xiàn)當(dāng)代,力求全面而準(zhǔn)確地反映中國文學(xué)及中國文化的基本面貌和燦爛成就。這些英譯圖書均取自相關(guān)領(lǐng)域著名的、權(quán)威的作品,英譯則出自國內(nèi)外譯界名家。每本圖書的編選、翻譯過程均極其審慎嚴(yán)肅,精雕細(xì)琢,中文作品及相應(yīng)的英譯版本均堪稱經(jīng)典。這些英譯精品,不單有對外譯介的意義,而且對國內(nèi)英文學(xué)習(xí)者、愛好者及英譯工作者,也是極有價(jià)值的讀者。為此,編者對這些英譯精品做了認(rèn)真的遴選,編排成漢英對照的形式,出版此書,以饗讀者?!緟⒖甲g文】ForeignLanguagePressspecializesinforeignlanguagebookseditingandpublishing,fordecadesithaspublishedalargenumberofChineseliteraryworksandculturalbooksinEnglishtranslationversion,fromthepre-QinDynastytothecontemporaryandpresentstrivingtofullyandaccuratelyreflectthebasicfeaturesandbrilliantachievementsofChineseliteratureandChineseculture.TheseEnglishtranslationversionsaretakenfromtherelevantareasofthefamous,authoritativeworks,andthetranslationisfromfamousdomesticandforeigntranslators.Eachbookiscompiledandthetranslationprocessisextremelyseriousandcautiouswithuncompromisingattention.ChineseworksandthecorrespondingEnglishversionareclassic.TheseclassicEnglishtranslationsareno

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