高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及習(xí)題

高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及習(xí)題PAGEPAGE7時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)包括sometimes,often,usually,always，occasionally,nowandthen,onweekends,onSundays,everyweek/month/year等Shealwaystakesawalkintheevening.Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)及自然現(xiàn)象和諺語(yǔ)格言中，此用法即使出現(xiàn)在過去語(yǔ)境中，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Themoongoesaroundtheearth.Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)esaidtheearthisround.2.主句是一般將來時(shí),由when，after,before,assoonas,theminute,whenever等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和由if,unless,solongas,once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)和Yes,I________(finish)itwithinhaldanhour.3)I______(be)inLondonfor10years,butIhaveneverregrettedreturningtoChina.2.intend,wonder,think,realize等用過去時(shí)，表示說話人原來沒有料到，打算，想到等Ithoughtyouwereastudent.Ididn’tthink/realizeyoufailedagain.Ididn’tintendtohurtyou.3.usedtodosth/woulddosth過去常常做某事Weusedtospendourvacationinthemountains4.句型1）.Itis(high)timesbdidsth/Itistimethatsbshoulddosth.某人該干某事了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.2).Wouldrathersbdidsth寧愿某人做某事，用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來時(shí)間的虛擬。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow/now.3).Would/should/oughtto/could/might/needn’t/wouldliketohavedonesth,but…句型中，but后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。a.Heshouldhaveturnedupbuthehadanunexpectedvisitor.b.Didyouattendtheparty?Iwouldhave(attendedtheparty)butIwasbusy.=Iwasbusyotherwise/orIwouldhaveattendedtheparty.=IhadplannedtoattendthepartybutIwasbusy.=Iwasgoingtoattendtheparty,butIwasbusy.4).Wouldyoumindifsbdidsth?如果…干某事，你介意嗎？WouldyoumindifIopenedthedoor?三．一般將來時(shí)/過去將來時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有next…,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,in+時(shí)間段，before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，inthefuture等.will/shalldosth表示事物的固有屬性或者必然的趨勢(shì)；Fishwilldiewithoutwater.2)will表示將來，有時(shí)含偶然性和臨時(shí)性決定的意思。DoyouknowMr.Smithhascometoourtown?No,Iwillgoandvisithimrightnow.begoingtodosth表示事先考慮過，計(jì)劃打算做某事，注意區(qū)分一下will表示臨時(shí)性決定的用法。HeisgoingtospeakonTvthisevening.表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對(duì)未來進(jìn)行推斷。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.注意：wasgoingto表示過去本打算做某事，但未做Tom,youdidn’tcometothepartylastnight?Iwasgoingto,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.bedoingsth有些動(dòng)詞如come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,return等，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排近期將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I’mleavingforBeijingnextmonth.beabouttodosth/beonthepointofdoingsth(when)“即將干某事(這是突然)…”該結(jié)構(gòu)不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但可以和并列連詞when連用。Thetrainisabouttostart.Theplanisonthepointoftakingoff.5.某些動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示計(jì)劃、安排將要做的事情，此種用法常常用于火車時(shí)刻、飛機(jī)時(shí)刻、電影開演、作息安排等時(shí)刻表上。Wemusthurryup.Thefirstclassbeginsat8o’clock.Thetrainleavesat5andarrivesat8.betodosth1).表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事Sheistogetmarriednextmonth.注意：were/wastohavedonesth表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.2)表示“應(yīng)該”，相當(dāng)于should,oughtto.Youaretoreportittothepolice.3)表示“想，打算”,相當(dāng)于intend,want.Ifwearetobetherebeforeten,we’llhavetogonow.四．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

am/is/aredoingsth

表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為:now,atpresent,thesedays等Iamwritinganovelthesedays.I’mdoingawordpuzzleinthisnewspaper.與always,constantly,continually,forever,allthetime等連用，帶有厭惡、批評(píng)、不喜歡、贊揚(yáng)等感情色彩。Youarealwaysputtingyourthingsaround.Heisalwayshelpingothers.2)下列四類動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)感覺類：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等Thesouptastesgood.情感類：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等Ilovemydadandmum.心態(tài)類：wish.Hope,want,need,believe,understand,agree,know,remember,forget等Idon’tbelievemyeyes.存在狀態(tài)類：appear,lie,remain,belong,have等ThosebooksbelongtoMr.Li.3)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行體，短暫性動(dòng)作用一般體，一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作為背景，被一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作打斷Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbikeandhurthimself.Asshewasreadingthenewspaper,Grannyfellasleep.五．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoingsth表示過去某一時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。IsthereanythingWrongBob?Youlooksad.Oh,nothingmuch.InfactIwasjustthinkingofmyfriendbackhome.2.Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.WherewasI?Youweresayingyoudidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.3.Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?Oh,I’mterriblysorry.Iwasn’tnoticing.六．將來進(jìn)行時(shí)willbedoingsth表示將來某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。1).DoctorWangwillbegivinganothertalkonthissubjectatthesametimenextweek.2).ThistimetomorrowIwillbewatchingyouplayonTV.3).Don’ttelephonemeafter8Iwillbehavingameeting.七．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdonesth

表示過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，或者過去開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有for,since+過去時(shí)間，sincethen,eversince,sofar,bynow/untilnow/uptonow,lately/recently,inthepast/last(tenyears),還有already,just,yet,neverever,still等常跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Hehaswritten8bookssofar.Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.Theyhaveworkedheresincetheyleftcollege.Bynow/Untilnow/Uptonow,Ihasremembered3000Englishwords.1).在“最高級(jí)+名詞”的句子中用用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Thisisthebesttea(that)Ihaveeverdrunk.ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.2).It/Thisisthefirst/second…time(that)sbhavedonesth某人第幾次做某事Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavecomehere.3)It+hasbeen/is+一段時(shí)間+sincesbdidsth表示動(dòng)作從終止已經(jīng)多久了。Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他不在這工作已經(jīng)5年了。Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehebegantoworkhere.他在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。Ithasbeen3yearssincehesmoked.他不吸煙已經(jīng)三年了。4).have/hasgoneto到某地去了,還未回來have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)到過某地,人已回來——WhereisLiHua?－Hehasgonetothereading-room.

——SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.－Shehasbeenthere.5).非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，即瞬間動(dòng)詞，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如他參軍已經(jīng)三年了可采用:1）“ago法”：Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.2）“延續(xù)法”：Hehasservedinthearmyforthreeyears.Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.3）“since法”：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.翻譯：他和瑪麗結(jié)婚已經(jīng)三年了延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：結(jié)婚marrybemarried借borrowkeep;買buyhave離開leavebeaway死亡diebedead;結(jié)束finish／end／stopbeover生病fallillbeill；起床getupbeup；感冒catch／getacoldhaveacold；來/去come/goherebehere/there；成為becomebe；回來comebackbeback；睡著fallasleepbeasleep；到達(dá)getto/arrive/reachbe(in)；認(rèn)識(shí)gettoknowknow；出去go(get)outbeout；穿putonwear；去國(guó)外goabroadbeabroad;醒wakeupbeawake關(guān)閉turnoffbeoff打開turnonbeon動(dòng)身leaveforbeofffor睡覺gotosleepbeasleep打開/關(guān)閉open/closesthkeepsthopen/closed；參加joinbein+組織機(jī)構(gòu)或beamemberof+組織機(jī)構(gòu)；上學(xué)gotoschoolbeinschool／beastudent;交朋友makefriendswithbefriendswith丟失losebelost／bemissing／begone;失業(yè)loseone'sjob／workbeoutofwork／ajob等八．過去完成時(shí)haddonesth表示“過去的過去”，必須找過去的時(shí)間作為參照點(diǎn)，常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有before，by+過去時(shí)間,bytheendof+過去時(shí)間，bythetime+過去時(shí)間,bythen,untilthen等。HehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.By1998，hehadstudiedFrenchfor2years.Bytheendoflastyear,Ihadremembered5000words.BythenhehadlearnedEnglishfor3years.Untilthenhehadknownnothingaboutityet.Bythetimehearrivedhome,hismotherhadcookedsupperforhim.Bythetimehewas12yearsold,hehadbuiltalabforhimself.1).表示愿望、打算的詞如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,wish,suppose等，其過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthatmoment.2).Hardly/Scarcely/Barelyhadsbdonesthwhen….;Nosoonerhadsbdonesththan….一…就HardlyhadIgoneoutwhenitbegantorain.3)Itwasthefirsttime(that)sbhaddonesth這是某人第幾次干某事ItwasthefirsttimehehadbeentotheGreatWall.九.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoingsth(過去→現(xiàn)在→將來)

用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。例如：Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:00.Ithasbeenrainingfortwodays.十．將來完成時(shí)willhavedonesthBy+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間have/hasdonesthBy+過去時(shí)間haddonesthBy+將來時(shí)間willhavedone1).Bytheyearof2019,wewillhaveenteredtheuniversity.2).Bythetimemyfathercomesback,Iwillhavefinishedthework.比較：Bythetimemyfathercameback,Ihadfinishedthework.Bynow,Ihavefinished5000Englishwords.十一.易混時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別問題這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著重說明的是這個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系、對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，所以，它不能和表示過去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；而一般過去時(shí)只著重說明這個(gè)動(dòng)作是在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的，并不表示這個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，更談不上什么結(jié)果和影響，所以，它可以和表示過去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：(1)IlivedinBeijingforfiveyearsbetween1991and1996.(2)IhavelivedinBeijingfor5yearssofar.[典型例題1]Nicetoseeyouback!Howlong_____you_____inRussia?4months.A.did;stayB.have;stayedC.have;beenstayingD.do;stay［典型例題2］HaveyougraduatedfromBeijingUniversity?Yes.I______therefor4years.A.havestudiedB.studiedC.hadstudiedD.havebeenstudying參考答案：AB2.一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別問題這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，都表示過去的動(dòng)作。但一般過去時(shí)只涉及一個(gè)純過去的動(dòng)作；而過去完成時(shí)指的是相對(duì)于過去的某一特定時(shí)間，更早發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。即過去完成時(shí)至少涉及兩個(gè)動(dòng)作。以下幾個(gè)例句均是過去完成時(shí)的典型句例。WhenIgottotheparty,manyofthemhadleftforhome.Whenhewasreadytohandinhistestpaper,theteacherhadleft.TheticketsforthefashionshowhadbeensoldoutbeforeIheardaboutit.[典型例題1]WasTomtherewhenyouarrived?Yes,buthe______homesoonafterwards.A.hadgoneB.hasgoneC.isgoingD.went[典型例題2]Thetrafficaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday,butthedriver____reallycareless.A.hadbeenB.isC.wereD.was[典型例題3]ThereturnedChinesescholarhasbecomeoneofthetopexpertsinthisfield.Yes.Iknowhimverywell.He_____inAfricawithwildanimalsforeightyears.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.workedD.hasbeenworking參考答案：DDC3.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別問題盡管兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在，但是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種“常態(tài)”，一種沒有時(shí)間階段特征的、穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示的是現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)，不能保證過去是否這樣，也不能保證以后怎樣，有明顯的階段性。例如：IworkinNewYork.我在紐約工作。（表示我的固定工作地點(diǎn)就是紐約。）IamworkinginNewYork.我正在紐約工作。（表示這一段時(shí)間，我在紐約上班。可能聽話人知道說話人以前并不在那里工作。而說話人本人對(duì)以后的工作地點(diǎn)也沒有把握。）[典型例題1]I____ping-pangquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.playedB.willplayC.haveplayedD.play[典型例題2]Yoursonlookstoothinforhisage.Hecouldhavegainedmoreweight.Buthe_____much.A.isn’teatingB.doesn’teatC.haven’teatenD.hadn’teaten參考答案：DB4.一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別問題盡管二者所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但一般過去時(shí)著重強(qiáng)調(diào)匯報(bào)過去做過什么事情，是有結(jié)果的。而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)僅表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間上，一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，有什么樣的結(jié)果不得而知。例如：Tysonwrotethreeletterslastnight.(表示太森寫了三封信，暗指都已寫完。)Tysonwaswritingaletterlastnight.(表示我只是見他寫信來著，其他就不知道了。)[典型例題1]ThereportersaidthattheUFO_____easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel[典型例題2]Hasyourbrotherfinishedwiththatbook?Ihavenoidea.He______itlastnight.A.readB.wasreadingC.havereadD.hadbeenread參考答案：AB5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別問題havedone與havebeendoing看起來差不多，其實(shí)，他們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不一樣?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重指已有的結(jié)果或已有的影響；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。例如：Ihaverepairedyourcar.（強(qiáng)調(diào)你的車修好了，你可以開走了。）Ihavebeenrepairingyourcar.(強(qiáng)調(diào)我一直在給你修車，所以很累或沒做其他事。)[典型例題]Youhaven’tfinishedyourhomeworkyet,haven’tyou?No,I______itthewholemorning.A.havebeendoingB.havedoneC.haddoneD.did參考答案：A過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作（句中不可有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)），而過去完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作（句中可有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)）。比較下面的說法：Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.(“回來”發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間，“生病”發(fā)生在這一時(shí)間之前，即過去的過去。)Shehasbeenillforaweek.(現(xiàn)在仍然病著)十二.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)1.主句是一般將來時(shí),由when，after,before,assoonas,theminute,whenever等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和由if,unless,solongas,once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)和however,evenif等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來。Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmybook.2.含賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題1）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者將來時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)可以不受影響。Hesayshisfatheris/was/willbeateacher.Theywilltellyouthattheyareliving/lived/willlive/havelivedinShanghai.2）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般需用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，即一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)等。Iwassurehewasinbed.Hethoughthewasworkingforthepeople.Iwonderedifshehadgotwell.Hewantedtoknowwhatshehadbeendoing.IhopedIwouldfindajobsoon.Ithoughtshewouldbegoingbybus.語(yǔ)態(tài)一．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般am/is/aredoneWas/weredoneWill/shallbedoneWould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行am/is/arebeingdoneWas/werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendoneHadbeendoneWill/shallhavebeendoneWould/shouldhavebeendone完成進(jìn)行have/hasbeenbeingdonehadbeenbeingdone2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1）不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒必要指明誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.Ithasn’tbeencleanedforweeks.2)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身，如;Alltheemployeesexceptthemanagerareencouragedtoworkonlineathome.3)在文章標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞中Girlswanted!找女工！Five-year-oldBoyKidnapped!五歲的男童遭到綁架。4）當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)。Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.注意：1)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中切不可丟掉后面的介詞或者副詞。Thatoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.Badhabitshavebeendoneawaywith.Theplanwillbegivenup.2)“get+過去分詞”可以表示被動(dòng)Shegotmarriedlastweek.Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.3.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：1).表示狀態(tài)特征的系動(dòng)詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Yourexcusesoundsgoodbutitcan’tbetrue.Jackproved(tobe)agoodtourguideduringthelongjourney.Thesoupsmellsperfectbuttastesterrible.2).表示主語(yǔ)某種屬性、特征的動(dòng)詞如read,write,sell,act,wash,clean,wear,open,lock,shut,dry等,常與well和easily連用。例如：Shakespeare’sbookssellwell.莎士比亞的書賣的很不錯(cuò)。Thiskindofmaterialwasheseasily,soitsavesmuchwater.這種布料很容易洗，所以能節(jié)約不少水。Don’twasteyourtime.Thedoordoesn’tlockatall.別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了，這門根本鎖不上。Thiscoatdrieseasily.這件外套容易干。Nyloncleanseasily.尼龍容易洗干凈。Yourspeechreadswell.你的演講講得很好。Thismaterialhaswornthin.這個(gè)材料已經(jīng)磨薄了。Thematchwon’tcatch.這根火柴擦不著。Theplanworkedoutwonderfully.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃進(jìn)展得很好。3).Sthneed/want/requiredoingtobedone.Yourdeskneedstidying.你的課桌該整理了。Thiskindofflowersrequireswateringeverymorning.這種花需要每天早晨澆。4).be(well)worth＋doing表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：Thismovieiswellworthseeingasecondtime.這部電影很值得再看一遍。Yourproposalisworthconsidering.你的提議值得考慮。5).不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用不定式的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。常見形容詞有：hard/