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PAGEPAGE1PartTwoAmericanLiterature

Chapter1TheRomanticPeriod

I.Choosetherightanswer:

1.Ofallthefollowingissues,_____isdefinitelyNOTthefocusoftheRomanticwritersintheAmericanliteraryhistory.

A.PuritanmoralityB.HumanbestialityC.NoblesavagesD.Divinityofman

Answer:B(P401)

2.HenryDavidThoreau’swork,________,hasalwaysbeenregardedasamasterpieceoftheNewEnglandTranscendentalMovement.

A.WaldenB.ThePioneersC.NatureD."SongofMyself"

Answer:A(P402)

3."Nothingisatlastsacredbuttheintegrityofyourownmind"isafamousquotefrom______’swritings.

A.WaltWhitmanB.HenryDavidThoreauC.HermanMelvilleD.RalphWaldoEmerson

Answer:D(P402)

4.’LeavesofGrass’commandsgreatattentionbecauseofitsuniquelypoeticembodimentof________,whicharewritteninthefoundingdocumentsofboththeRevolutionaryWarandtheAmericanCivilWar.

A.thedemocraticidealsB.theromanticidealsC.theself-reliancespiritsD.thereligiousideals

Answer:A(P447)

5.AccordingtoWhitman,thegenuineparticipationofapoetinacommonculturaleffortwastobehaveasasupreme_________.

A.democratB.individualistC.romanticistD.leader

Answer:B(P448)

6.TheperiodbeforetheAmericanCivilWarisgenerallyreferredtoas___________.

A.TheNaturalistPeriodB.TheModernPeriodC.TheRomanticPeriodD.TheRealisticPeriod

Answer:C(P399)

7.Inthefollowingworks,whichsignthebeginningoftheAmericanliterature?

A.TheSketchBookB.LeavesofGrassC.LeatherStockingTalesD.AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

B(P399)

8._____istheauthorofthework’TheLegendofSleepyHollow’.

A.WashingtonIrvingB.JamesJoyceC.WaltWhitmanD.WilliamButlerYeats

Answer:A(P404)

9.WashingtonIrving’s’RipVanWinkle’isfamousfor_________.

A.Rip’sescapeintoamysteriousB.Thestory’sGermanlegendarysourcematerial

C.Rip’sseekingforhappinessD.Rip’s20-yearssleep

Answer:D(P406)

10.WhichofthefollowingstatementisnottrueaboutWashingtonIrving?

A.WashingtonIrvingisregardedasFatheroftheAmericanshortstories.

B.Irving’srelationshipwiththeOldWorldintermsofhisliteraryimaginationcanhardlybeignoredconsideringhissuccessbothabroadandathome.

C.Irving’stastewasessentiallyprogressiveorradical.

D.WashingtonIrvinghasalwaysbeenregardedasawriterwho"perfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced."

Answer:C(P403406)

11.ThePublicationof______establishedEmersonasthemosteloquentspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism.

A.NatureB.Self-RelianceC.TheAmericanScholarD.TheOver-Soul

Answer:A(P420)

12.Thephrase"atransparenteye-ball’comparesphilosophicalmentationofEmerson’s.Itappearsin_________.

A.TheAmericanScholarB.NatureC.TheoverSoulD.Essays:SecondSeries

Answer:B(P423)

13.In1837,RalphWaldoEmersonmadeaspeechentitled_______atHarvard,whichwashailedbyOliverWendellHolmeasas:OurIntellectualDeclarationofIndependence".

A."Self-Reliance"B."DivinitySchoolAddress"C."TheAmericanScholar"D."Nature"

Answer:C(P423)

14._____isthemostambivalent(有爭議的)writersintheAmericanliteraryhistory.

A.NathanielHawthorneB.WaltWhitmanC.RalphWaldoEmersonD.MarkTwain

Answer:A(P429)

15."Thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife;butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity",whichauthorofthefollowingauthorsdoesthementionbelongto________.

A.WashingtonIrvingB.RalphWaldoEmersonC.NathanielHawthorneD.WaltWhitman

Answer:C(P431)

16.InHawthorne’snovelsandshortstories,intellectualsusuallyappearas________.

A.saviorsB.villainsC.commentatorsD.observers

Answer:B(P432)

17.AllofthefollowingareworksbyNathanielHawthorneexcept_______.

A.TheHouseoftheSevenGablesB.WhiteJacketC.TheMarbleFaunD.TheBlithedaleRomance

Answer:B(P431)

18.WaltWhitmanisradicallyinnovativeintheformofhispoetry.Whatheprefersforhisnewsubjectis__________.

A.freeverseB.blankverseC.lyricpoemD.heroiccouplet

Answer:A(P450)

19.WhichofthefollowingfeaturescannotcharacterizepoemsbyWaltWhitman?

A.Lyricalandwell-structuredB.Free-flowingC.SimpleandrathercrudeD.Conversationalandcasual

Answer:A(P450451)

20."Thehorizon’sedge,theflyingsea-crow,thefragranceofsaltmarshandshoremud.Thesebecamepartofthatchildwhowentfortheveryday,andwhonowgoes,andwillalwaysgofortheveryday."Thetwolinesaretakenfrom____________.

A."ThereWasaChildWentForth"byWaltWhitmanB."InaStationoftheMetro"byEzraPound

C."CavalryCrossingaFord"byWaltWhitmanD."Ulysses"byJoyce

Answer:A(P454)

21."MobyDick"isregardedasthefirstAmerican_________.

A.ProseepicB.ComicepicC.DramaticfictionD.Poeticfiction

Answer:A(P460)

22.ThegiantMobyDickmaysymbolizeallEXCEPT________.

A.mysteryoftheuniverseB.sinofthewhaleC.powerofthegreatNatureD.eviloftheworld

Answer:B(P461)

23.WhichofthefollowingcommentsonthewritingsbyHermanMelvilleisnottrue?

A."Bartleby,theScrivener"isashortstory.B."BenitoCereno"isanovella.

C.TheConfidenceManhassomethingtodowiththeseaandsailors.D.Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.

Answer:C(P459460)

24.TheTranscendentalistsbelievethat,first,natureisennobling,andsecond,theindividualis____,therefore,self-reliant.

A.insignificantB.viciousbynatureC.divineD.forward-looking

Answer:C(P402)

II.Readthequotedpartandanswerthequestions:

1."TimegrewworseandworsewithRipVanWinkleasyearsofmatrimonyrolledon:atarttempermellowswithage,andasharptongueistheonlyedgetoolthatgrowskeenerbyconstantuse.Foralongwhileheusedtoperpetualclubofthesages,philosophers,andotheridlepersonagesofthevillage.

Questions:

1)Pleaseidentifytheauthorandthetitleofthework.2)What’sthemeaningofthispassage?

參考答案:

1)Thisisanexcerptfrom"RipVanWinkle"byWashingtonIrving.(P408)

2)Withhiswife’sdominanceathome,thesituationbecameharderandharderforRipVanWinkle.Hiswife’stemperbecameworseandshescoldedhimformoreoften.Hehadtostayintheclubwithidlepeople.(P407)

附:Question:PleasedescribethechangesRipVanWinkleexperienced.

Answer:1)RipVanWinklewastheheroinIrving’sworks.Hewasagood-naturedman,ahenpecked(懼內(nèi)的，妻管嚴(yán)的)husband.

2)Becausehiswife’sshrewish(潑婦一樣的)treatment,Riphadtoescapefromhishometothelittleinninthevillage.Whenitfailedtogivehimsomerestfulair,hehadtogohuntinginthehighmountain,whereRipmetastranger,andthemanaskedRiptocarrykegforhim.ThenRipreachedtheplaceinthevalley,wheremanystrangerswereplayingnine-pins.LaterRipgotdrunkafterdrinkingtheliquor,whichmadehimsleepfor20years.

3)Ripwokeupasanoldman,enteringthevillagelearnedthathiswifehaddied,hegotthefreedomofhisown,;andtheAmericanhadbeendependentfromthecontrolofBritain,hehadchangedfromasubjectoftheKing(GeorgeIII)intoacitizenoftheindependentnewU.S

2."Icelebratedmyself,andsingmyself,

AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,

Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou"

Questions:

1)Pleaseidentifytheauthorandthetitleofthepoemthathadusedwhenpublished.2)Whatisthethemeofthispoem?

參考答案:1)Inthe1856,thetitlewas"PoemofWaltWhitman,anAmerican",thenitbecame"WaltWhitman"in1860,until1881,itfinallybecame"SongofMyself".TheauthorisWaltWhitman.(P456--457)2)InthispoemWhitmansetsforthtwoprinciplebeliefs:

A.Thetheoryofuniversality(普遍性),whichisillustratedbylengthycataloguesofpeopleandthings;

B.Thebeliefinthesingularity(個(gè)別性)andequality(平等性)ofallbeingsinvalue.(P457)

3."Standingonthebareground,myheadbathedbytheblitheair,andupliftedintoinfinitespace,allmeanegotismvanishes.Ibecomeatransparenteye-ball.Iamnothing.Iseeall."

Questions:

1)Pleaseidentifytheauthorandthetitleofthework.2)Pleasebrieflyinterpretthispassage.3).Whatrhetoricaldeviceof"transparenteye-ball".4)Emersonsaidhewanttobecomeatransparenteye-ball,whatkingideadidhewanttoexpress?

參考答案:1)Thisselectionisfrom"Nature"byEmerson.(P427)

2)IntheessayEmersonclearlyexpressesthemainprinciplesofhisTranscendentalistpursuitandhislovefornature.Emersondevelopshisconceptof"Over-Soul"Or"UniversalMind".Lastbutnottheleas,itaffirmsthedivinityofthehumanbeings.(P423)

3)Itusedthedeviceofmetaphor.(P423)4)Hewantedtotellus:Naturecanpurify(凈化)ourqualityandletusgetcomfort.(P243)

III.Questionsandanswers:

1.TheRomanticPeriodwascalled"TheAmericanRenaissance".DiscussthebackgroundoftheRomanticPeriod,andcompareitwiththeRomanticismofBritain.

Answer:

1)ThetwoRomanticismbothstresstheimaginativeandemotionalqualitiesofliterature;

2)Theyallpayattentiontopsychicstatesofthecharactersandexalttheindividualandcommonman;

3)AmericanRomanticismrevealeduniquecharacteristics:(difference)

<1>Americanauthorsdescribetheirnativeland,,especiallythespiritofthepioneeringintothewest,thedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonature;

<2>Americanwritersuselocaldialectinlanguage;

<3>PuritanismhasgreatinfluenceoverAmericanRomantics;

<4>Calvinismoforiginalsinisobviousintheirworks;

<5>TranscendentalismisveryimportanttheoryinAmericanRomanticism;

<6>TheimportantsettinginAmericanRomanticismare:①theearlypuritansettlement;②theconfrontationwiththeIndians;③thefrontiersmen’slife;④thewildwest;⑤imagination.(P399—402)

2.AnalyzethethemesandcharacteristicofHawthorne.

Answer:

Hawthornewasamanwithinquiringimagination,meditativemindanddarkvisiontolife.

Histhemesinwritingare:

1)Manwasbornwithevilandsin,onesourceofthemisover-reachingintellect,whoseimagewasalwaysvillain;(Chllingworthe.g.)

2)HawthornewasinfluencedgreatlybyPuritanism,whilehecriticizeditbitterly;

3)HebelievedCalvinisticideas,thinkingmanwasdepravedandcorrupted;theyshouldobeyGodforsavingthespirits;

4)Heconcernedthemorallifeofmanandhumanhistory;

5)Hewaskeenonthedescriptionofman’sdevelopmentofpsychology.(P432—433)

3.ExplainthetheoryofTranscendentalism,thenlistitsimportantauthorandworks.

Answer:

TranscendentalismisaveryimportanttheoryinAmericanRomanticism,itsmainideasare:

1)Manhasthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively,ortheabilityofgettingknowledgetranscendingthesenses;

2)Natureisennoblingandindividualisdivine,therefore,manshouldbeself-reliant.

3)Manisdivine/holyandperfectibleandmancantrusthimselftodecidewhatisrightandactaccordingly;(buttoHawthorneandMelvillemanisasinner);

4)Universeisover-soul-asymbolofthespirit,Godortheuniverse,thereisanemotionalcommunicationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversal"over-soul"-unityofNature.

5)Theimportantauthorsare:Emerson(TheAmericanScholar)andThoreau.

6)"Nature",Emerson’sworks,iscalledtheunofficialmanifestofortheclub.(P421—P422)

4.Hawthornewasamasterinusingsymbolandallegory;citesomeexampletoanalyzeit.

Answer:

1)Allegorically,YoungGoodmanBrownbecomesanEverymancalledBrown,whowillbeagedinonenightbyaneviladventure,andtheevilnessmakeseveryoneafallenidolintheworld.

2)IntheangleofSymbol:"BrownlookuptotheHeavenandresistthewickedone"symbolsBrownhastheforcetoresisttheevilnessoftheNatureandhestillhasthefaithtoGod;but"heisaloneintheforest"symbolsthesocietyistheplacefullofsinsandevilness,Brown’sstrengthisnotenoughatall;thenafterreturning,helivesadismalandgloomylifesymbolshehasbeencrusheddownbythesocialevilnessandlosthisbeliefingoodnessandpiety.(P434—435)

5.WashingtonIrvingwascalled"FatheroftheAmericanshortstories"and"theAmericanGoldsmith".Whatcharacteristicsdidhehave?

Answer:

1)Hewasnostalgicauthor,andhealwaysjuxtaposingtheOldandtheNewworld;

2)Heremainedaconservativeandalwaysexaltedadisappearingpast,andhepreferthepasttopresent,preferadream-likeworldtoarealone;

3)Hisstorieswerealwaysfromlegend,especiallyGermanlegends,showingbestclassicstyle.(P405—406)

6.SeaadventuresareMelville’sfavoritesubject;"Moby-Dick"isagreatnovelinthetheme,whichisalsonotedforitssymbolism,pleaseanalyzeitindetail.

Answer:

1)Abouttheseaadventure:itsymbolsthevoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse;aspiritexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology;

2)Abouttheboat;itsymbolsthesociety,andthecrewsymbolallkindsofpeoplewithdifferentsocialandethnicideas;

3)Aboutthewhitewhale:Totheauthor,itsymbolsnature,itisacomplex,unfathomableandbeautiful;TothecaptainAhab,itisevilness,isawall.Sohewillleadallhiscrewtocutthroughthewalltodigoutalltheunknown,mysteriousthingsbehindit.Tothenarrator,Ishmael,itisamystery.(P460—461)

7.WaltWhitmanisauniquepoet.Canyouexplainwhatmakehimunique?

Answer:

1)Histhemesare:Democracy;theRevolutionaryWarandtheCivilWar;freedom;openness;brotherhood;individualism;thegrowthofindustryandthewealthofthecities;universality.

2)Hisstylesarespecial:"freeverse";"catalogue";simpleandevencrudelanguage.(P448-551)PARTTWO:AMERICANLITERATURE

Chapter2TheRealisticPeriod

I.Choosetherightanswer:

1.EmilyDickinsonwassometimescuriousaboutthefeelingofspeechofdeathandinoneofherpoemsshewroteaboutthe______ofdeath,thetitleofthepoemis"IheardaFlybuzzwhenIdied".

A.momentB.sufferingC.happinessD.meaning

Answer:A(P518)

2.TheodoreDreiserbelongedtotheschoolofliterary______whichemphasizedheredityandenvironmentasimportantdeterministicforcesshapingindividualizedcharacterswhowerepresentedinspecialanddetailedcircumstances.

A.naturalismB.realismC.determinismD.humanism

Answer:A(P524)

3.MorethanfivehundredpoemsthatDickinsonwroteareaboutnature,inwhichhergeneral_____abouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureiswellexpressed.

A.skepticismB.eulogyC.happinessD.denial

Answer:A(P518)

4."ThisismylettertotheWorld"isapoemexpressingEmilyDickinson’s_____abouthercommunicationwiththeoutsideworld.

A.happinessB.angerC.AnxietyD.sorrow

Answer:C(P520)

5.Thoughsecludedherselfinherownhouse,EmilyDickinsonwasneverreallyindifferentoftheoutsideworld,ascouldbeseeninherpoemssuchas"IliketoseeitlaptheMiles",whichdescribesa(n)______,anembodimentofmoderncivilization.

A.snakeB.animalC.theroadD.train

Answer:D(P521)

6.After"TheAdventureofTomSawyer",TwaingivesaliteraryindependencetoTom’sbuddyHuckinabookcalled_____,andthebookfromwhich"allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes".

A.LifeontheMississippiRiverB.TheGildedAgeC.AdventuresofHuckleberryFinnD.TheSunAlsoRises

Answer:C(P479480)

7.Winterbourneisusedasa______inHenryJames’s"DaisyMiller".

A.ProtagonistB.NarratoroftheeventsC.AcharacterofcentralconsciousnessD.Persona

Answer:C(P499)

8.EmilyDickinson’sverseismostaptlycharacterizedas___________.

A.exposingtheevilsofthesocietyB.pavingthewayforthefollowinggenerationoffreeversepoets

C.sharingthesamepoeticconventionsasWaltWhitmanD.exhibitingsensitivenesstothesymbolicimplicationsofexperience,suchaslove,death,immortalityandetc.

Answer:D(P518)

9.Theauthorof"ThePortraitofaLady"isbestat_______.

A.probingintotheunsearchedsecretpartofhumanlife

B.atruthfuldelineationofthemotives,theimpulses,theprinciplesthatshapethelivesofactualmenandwomen.

C.adramatizingthecollisionsbetweentwoverydifferentculturalsystemsonaninternationalscene

D.disclosingthesocialinjusticesandevilsofacivilizedsocietyaftertheCivilWar.

Answer:C(P496)

10.Theperiodrangingfrom1865to1914hasbeenreferredtoas_____________.

A.theAgeofRealismB.theAgeofModernismC.theAgeofRomanticismD.theAgeofColonicalism

Answer:A(P471)

11.Whoexertsthesimplemostimportantinfluenceonliterarynaturalism?

A.EmersonB.JackLondonC.TheodoreDreiserD.Darwin

Answer:D(P475)

12.OneofthemostfamiliarthemesinAmericannaturalismisthethemeofhuman"______".

A.bestialityB.goodnessC.compassionD.greed

Answer:A(P476)

13.______isconsideredbyH.L.Menckenas"thetruefatherofournationalliterature."

A.HemingwayB.PoeC.IrvingD.Twain

Answer:D(P477)

14.MarkTwainwrotemostofhisliteraryworkswitha_______language.

A.grandB.pompousC.simpleD.vernacular

Answer:D(P481)

15.HenryJames’sfamegenerallyrestsuponhisnovelsandstorieswith________.

A.internationalthemeB.nationalthemeC.EuropeanthemeD.Regionaltheme

Answer:A(P497)

16.Inthefollowingwriters,whoisgenerallyregardedastheforerunnerofthe20thcentury"Stream-of-consciousness"novelsandthefounderofpsychologicalrealism______________.

A.HenryJamesB.MarkTwainC.EmilyDickensonD.TheodoreDreiser

Answer:A(P498)

17.InHenryJames’"DaisyMiller",theauthortriestoportraytheyoungwomanasanembodimentof___________.

A.thecorruptionofthenewlyrichB.thefreespiritoftheNewWorldC.thedeclineofaristocracyD.theforceofconvention

Answer:B(P499)

18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTausualsubjectofpoeticexpressionofEmilyDickinson’s?

A.WarandpeaceB.LoveandmarriageC.LifeanddeathD.Religion

Answer:A(P517)

19.Thefollowingtitlesareallrelatedtothesubjectthatescapesfromthesocietyandreturnstonatureexcept__________.

A.Dreiser’sSisterCarrieB.Copper’sLeather-StockingTalesC.Thoreau’sWaldenD.MarkTwain’sTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

Answer:A(P401/P526)

20.ThegreatestworkwrittenbyTheodoreDreiseris__________.

A.SisterCarrieB.AnAmericanTragedyC.TheFinancierD.TheTitan

Answer:B(P525)

21.CloselyrelatedtoEmilyDickinson’sreligiouspoetryareherpoemsconcerning___________.

A.ChildhoodB.YouthandhappinessC.LonelinessD.Deathandimmortality

Answer:D(518)

22.WithHowells,James,andMarkTwainactiveontheliteraryscene,_________becamethemajortrendinAmericanliteratureintheseventiesandeightiesofthe19thcentury.

A.sentimentalismB.romanticismC.realismD.naturalism

Answer:C(P474)

II.Readthequotedpartandanswerthequestions:

1."Itwasacloseplace.Itookitup,andhelditinmyhand.Iwasatrembling,becauseI’dgottodecide,forever,betwixttowthings,andIknowedit.Istudiedaminute,sortofholdingmybreath,andthensaystomyself:

"Allright,then,I’llgotohell"andtoreitup.

Itwasawfulthoughts,andawfulwords,buttheywassaid.AndIletthemstaysaid;andneverthoughnomoreaboutreforming."

1)Whowasthe"I",whichbookwasthepassagetakenfrom?Andbywhom?2)Whydidhethink"itwasawfulthought"?Analyzeit.

3)Analyzethecharacteristicofthehero.

Answer:

1)ThecharacterisHuckleberryFinn,thepassageistakenfrom"AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn"byMarkTwain.(P489)

2)ItistheclimaxoftheHuck’sinnerstruggleontheMississippi,whenHuckisconflictingwhetherornotheshouldwritealettertotellMissWatsonwhereJimis,andheispolarizing/contradictingbythetwoopposingforcesbetweenhisheartandhishead,betweenhisaffectionforJimandthelawsofthesocietyagainstthosewhohelpslavesescape.Huck’sfinaldecision-tofollowhisowngoodheartedmoralimpulseratherthanconventionalvillagemorality.DuringhisthinkingHuckthinksoftheconsequenceofhelpingJim(therunawayslave),hemightgotohell,"itwasawfulthought",withtheeventualvictoryofhismoralconscienceoverhissocialawareness,Huckgrows.(P480)

3)Huckisaninnocentandreluctantrebel,atypicalAmericanBoywitha"soundheartanddeformedconscience".ThroughtheeyesofHuck,thePre-CivilWarAmericansocietyisfullyexposedandwearedeeplyimpressedbyMarkTwain’sthematiccontrastsbetweeninnocenceandexperience,natureandculture,wildnessandcivilization.(P483)

2."Ishouldthinkitmightbearranged,"Winterbournewasthusemboldenedtoreply."Couldn’tyougetsomeonetostayfortheafternoonwithRandolph?"

MissMillerlookedathimamoment;andthenwithallserenity,"Iwishyou’dstaywithhim!"shesaid.

Questions:

1)Pleaseidentifytheworkandtheauthor.2)PleaseanalyzethecharacterofDaisyMillerinliterature.

參考答案:

1)ItistakenfromHenryJames’s"DaisyMiller".(P513)

2)SheistheAmericanGirlinEurope,acelebratedtypewhoembodiesthespiritoftheNewWorld.However,innocence,thekeynoteofhercharacter,turnsouttobeanadmiringbutadangerousqualityandherdefianceofsocialtaboosintheOldWorldfinallybringshertoadisasterintheclashbetweentwodifferentcultures.(P499-500)

3."WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstrove

AtRecessintheRing

WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain

WepassedtheSettingSun”

Questions:

1)Pleaseidentifythepoemandthepoet;2)Whatdoes"theSchool,theFieldsofGazingGrainandtheSettingSun"standsfor?

Answers:

1)Thelinesarefrom"BecauseIcouldnotstopfroDeath",EmilyDickinson.(P523)

2)Itstandsforthreestagesoflife:theSchoolyouth;

theFieldsofGazingGrainmatureperiod;

theSettingSunendoflife.(P523)

4."TheEyesaroundhadwrungthemdry

Andbreathsweregatheringfirm

ForthatlastOnsetwhentheKing

BewitnessedintheRoom"

Questions:

1)Whatisthemeaningofthefirstline?2)Whatdoes"theKing"referto?3)Whatideadoesthepoemfromwhichthisstanzaistakenexpress?

Answers:

1)Itmeanstherelativesandfriendshadcriedandcriedsothattherewerenotearsanymore.(P521)

2)"TheKing"referstotheGodofdeath.(P521)3)Thepoemexpressesthattheauthorevenimaginedherowndeath,thelossofherownbody,andthejourneyofhersoultotheunknown.(P518)

III.Questionsandanswers:

1.WhatarethemainideasofRealistsofAmerica?

Answer:

TheharshlifeanddisillusionfromthedarkmemoriesoftheCivilWarmadethenationdisliketheromance,thenewgenerationofwriterscameupwithnewinspirations:

1)Theywereinterestedintherealitiesoflife.Itaimedattheinterpretationoftheactualityofanyaspectoflife;

2)People’sattentionwasnowdirectedtheinterestingfeatures/thingsofeverydayexistence/things-somethingbrutal,sordid/mean,classstruggleetc.

3)Theauthorsintroducedcommonpeoplesuchas:industrialworkersandfarmers,ambitiousbusinessmen,vagrants,prostitutes/streetgirls,andunheroicsoldiersinfiction;

4)Americanwritersdisplayednativetrendsinportrayalofthelandscapeadsocialsurfacerealistically;

5)Theyformedperfectvernacularstyleinlanguage;

6)Someauthorsexploredandexploited/usedtheliterarypossibilitiesoftheinteriorlife/psychology,suchasHenryJames;

7)Therepresentativeswere:MarkTwain,HenryJames,WilliamDeanHowells;

Inshort,theysettheexampleandpicturedthefuturecourseforthemodernism.(inthesubject,themes,techniques,andstylesoffiction)

(P472474)

2.TakeexamplestoanalyzethestyleandthemeofMarkTwain.

Answer:

MarkTwainisagreatliteraryofAmerica,H.L.Menckenconsideredhim"thetruefatherofournationalliterature".

1)Twain’sworkslike"AdventureofHuckleberryFinn"and"LifeontheMississippi"shapedtheviewsofAmericaandcombinedAmericanfolkhumorandseriousliteraturetogether;

2)"TheadventuresofTomSawyer"andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn"provedtobethemilestoneinAmericanliterature,andtheyweretherecordofavanishingwayoflifeinthepre-CivilWarMississippi.

3)Thebookswerenotedfortheirunpretentious,colloquial,poetic,humorous,innocentandfreestyle;

4)ThelanguageofTwainwassimple,direct,lucidandfaithfultotruth-"vernacular";

5)Twainwasfamousforalocalcolorist,whopresentedsociallifethroughportraitsofthelocalcharactersofhisregion-peoplelivinginthearea,thelandscape,thecustoms,dialects,costumes.EspeciallythethemeoftheMississippivalleyandtheWest;

6)TheworkofTwainwerealwaysconfinedtoaparticularregion,historicalmoment,strongaccent,intensifiedhumortocriticizethesocialinjusticeandsatirizethedecayedromanticism.(P477-481)

3.GiveacommentontheexperienceofCarrie.

參考答案：

1)Pennilessand"fulloftheillusionsofignoranceandyouth",SisterCarrieleavesherruralhometoseekworkinChicago,shegrowsfromaninnocent,purecountrygirltobeagirlmatureinintellectandemotion,andshebecomesastarofmusicalcomedies.Butinspiteofhersuccessinmaterial,sheisnothappybutlonelyanddissatisfied.

2)SisterCarriebestembodiesDreiser’snaturalisticbeliefthatwhilemenarecontrolledandconditionedbyheredity,instinctandchance,afewextraordinaryandunsophisticatedhumanbeingsrefusetoaccepttheirfatewordlesslyandinsteadstrive,unsuccessfully,tofindmeaningandpurposefortheirexistence.(P527-528)

4.ThecharacteristicandthemeanalysesofHenryJames.

Answer:

1)TheFreudianapproachisfamousinhisnovelsandhisliteraryessays.

2)Jamestookgreatinterestininternationalthemes-theclashedbetweentwodifferentculturesandtheemotionalandmoralproblemsofAmericansinEurope,orEuropeansinAmericainhisfirstperiod.

3)"ThePortraitofALay"isgenerallyconsideredtobehismasterpiece.

4)Jamesexperimentedwithdifferentthemesandformsinhismiddleperiod.

5)Inhislastanmajorperiod,Jamesreturnedtohis"international-theme."

6)ThetypicalpatternoftheconflictbetweenthetwocultureswouldbethatofayoungAmericanmanoranAmericangirl(DaisyMiller)whogoestoEuropeandaffronts/metwithhisorherdestiny.Theunsophisticatedboyorgirlwouldbebeguiled,betrayed,cruellywrongedatthehandsofthosewhopretendtostandforthehighestpossiblecivilization.

7)Hefocuses