英語學(xué)科語法小專題-定語從句與名詞性從句

2023屆英語學(xué)科語法小專題學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間______年______月______日班級(jí)姓名教學(xué)內(nèi)容定語從句與名詞性從句課型語法解題思路知識(shí)回顧定從：用一個(gè)句子修飾、限定另一個(gè)句子中的名詞或代詞宜用that不用which的情況先行詞既指人又指物。先行詞被“三否四代五個(gè)the”修飾。no,none,littleeach,every,any,muchthevery,thesame,theonly,thefirst,thelast先行詞本身是不定代詞。先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾。關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)膹木涑煞种复南刃性~限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句who主語人√√whom表語，動(dòng)詞賓語，介詞賓語人√√whose定語人/（物）√√which主語,表語,動(dòng)詞賓語，介詞賓語物√√that主語,表語，動(dòng)詞賓語，介詞賓語人/物√×as①主語,表語,動(dòng)詞賓語物/（人）√√介詞+關(guān)系代詞：指人whom;指物which關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)?shù)膹木涑煞窒刃性~限制性非限制性相當(dāng)于where地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)②√√介詞+地點(diǎn)(in,at+which)when時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間√√介詞+時(shí)間

(at,in,on,during,by+which)why原因狀語原因③√√forwhichthat方式狀語方式④√×inwhichas引導(dǎo)的常見表達(dá):asweallknow,asfarasweknow,asissaidabove,asisusual,asisreportedsituation情況,point點(diǎn),position位置,condition情況,scene情景,occasion場(chǎng)合,area區(qū)域,領(lǐng)域time,hour,day,year,moment,occasion時(shí)刻，age年代，period階段,stage時(shí)期reasonway,means方式名從：用一個(gè)句子代替另一個(gè)句子中的名詞從句不缺成分，不缺意思，用that從句缺主賓，指人用who，指物用what從句不缺主賓，缺什么意思補(bǔ)什么意思（6個(gè)W,一個(gè)H:why,when,where,whether&if,which,whose,how）無論任何+everit做形式主語（itis+adj./n./ved+forsb.+todosth.）

Itislikelythat...,Itisafactthat...,Itisapitythat,Itisasurprisethat,Itissaid/reportedthat..,.Itisbelievedthat...,Itissuggestedthat...,Itiswellknownthat...,Ithappenedthat...,Itseems/appearsthat...,Itoccurstomethat...,考點(diǎn)一：區(qū)分定語從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞（關(guān)鍵：從句缺不缺主要成分）注意：不要看到時(shí)間就填time,看到地點(diǎn)就填whereThisisthecollege________________Ivisited.Thisisthecollege________________Istudiedthreeyearsago.I’llneverforgettheday________________wespenttogether.I’llneverforgettheday___________Igotmarried.Thisisthereason________________hegave.Thisisthereason___________Ibelieveyou.Istillremembertheearthquake______happenedin2008inSichuan.Doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsago________Icametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ66)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ，65)MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，70)Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，________isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017·江蘇，28)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgram,oneof__________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostof___________haveneverbeforebeenpublished.(2018·江蘇，23)Selfdrivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.考點(diǎn)二：區(qū)分定語從句與名詞性從句（關(guān)鍵：主句缺不缺成分）ItseemedthatIhadbee________myparentshadwantedmetobe.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmyson’slife,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow__________tothankhim.”Somecountries______namesIhadneverheardofbeforewereshownonthemap.（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak__________shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthreequartersofthetime,theyagreed.All______weneedisenoughrestafterlonghours’work.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes_______wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis______theyneedanEnglishtrainer.（2021天津卷）WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.Oliversaysifyou'reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem__________youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.Hemaywinthepetition,in_________caseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.Itisnotaproblem__________wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.________urbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushinganimalsoutoftheirnaturalhabitatsisnotnecessarilyaccurate.Ａlotoflanguagelearning,__________hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.Thestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetrue________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.________remainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon_________schooleducationdepends.[21安徽]Itoccurredtome_________Ihadanimportantmeetingtoattendthenextday.Itisnecessary__________westrengthenselfdiscipline,whetherwearelawyers,publicservants,consultants,clerks,orreceptionists.Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.Whetherwecansolvetheproblemofenvironmentalpollutiondependsinlargemeasureonwecanusecleanenergyinareasonablewayornot.Iwonder__________makesthisdecisionandhowtheyetotheirconclusion.Weshouldbelievethateachofusisabletodosomethingwell,and__________ifweworkhard,wewillsucceed.Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,____________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivities______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestarequitedifferentfromeachother.Thisis__________theculturesystemsareseparate.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof_______usesitsomewhatdifferently.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister_________shewouldstayforanhour.Asiswellknowntoall,theSpringFestivalis__________thefamilyarereunitedandcelebratethenewyear.Nowthatsummerisfinallyhere,familiesarepreparingfor__________theyexpecttobeagreatvacationawayfromthedailyroutines.考點(diǎn)三：區(qū)分定語從句與同位語從句關(guān)鍵：同位語語從句中，主句不缺成分，等同而非限定Doyoubelievethestorythathewaslostlastnight?Doyoubelievethestorythathetoldyou?Thereisstillnonews________willbesenttothatvillagetohelpthelocalfarmersforayear.Thereason________themeetingwaspostponedwasduetotheunexpectedweatherconditions.Doyouhaveanyidea________isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?Thequestion________Englishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswersinceitiscertainthatthisprocesswillcontinue.Thequestion________manypeopleareaskingiswhetherthepolicywillchange.Wordhase________someAmericanguestswilleforavisittoourcollegenextweek.Thereisstillsomedoubt________theautumnsportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschool,butthereisnodoubt________itwillbeheldsoonafterourNationalDayholiday.Youneedtosolvetheproblem________hascausedmanyuserstoplain.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)There’sawelefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicion________timehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.考點(diǎn)四：主謂一致