新新編國際貿(mào)易英語教程chapter

NewInternationalTradeEnglish新編國際貿(mào)易英語教程.Chapter1

AnIntroductiontoInternationalTrade

ContentsObjectivesNEWTERMS

Vignette1.1InternationalTrade1.2BasicConceptsofInternationalTrade1.3EconomicGlobalization.LearningObjectivesofChapter1LearningobjectivesTolearnthedefinitionofinternationaltradeTounderstandthebasicconceptsininternationaltradeToknowthelinkbetweeneconomicglobalizationandinternationaltrade.Preparationfortheunit:Brainstorming:

Workwithyourgroupandthinkoutasmanywords,phrasesorexpressionsaspossibleaboutbusiness(trade).Back.TermsWeShouldKnowinThisUNITA:EnglishTermsChineseEquivalentsCapital-intensiveLand-intensiveLabor-intensivebarter★BilateraltradeMultilateraltradespecialization資本密集型土地密集型勞動(dòng)密集型以物易物雙邊貿(mào)易多邊貿(mào)易專業(yè)化.TermsWeShouldKnowinThisUNITB:DivisionoflaborComparativeadvantageMassproductionInternationaltrade★GrossDomesticProductsquotasubsidyTradebarrierProtectionistpolicyprotectionism貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義勞動(dòng)分工比較優(yōu)勢大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)國際貿(mào)易國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值限額補(bǔ)貼貿(mào)易壁壘貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義政策.TermsWeShouldKnowinThisUNITCFinancialstandingForeigncurrencyExchangerateimport★export★Tangibletrade★Intangibletrade★SITCIntellectualpropertyrightsGATS財(cái)務(wù)狀況外幣匯率進(jìn)口出口有形產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易無形產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易國際貿(mào)易標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分類知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)效勞貿(mào)易總協(xié)定.TermsWeShouldKnowinThisUNITDTRIPScopyrightstrademarkpatentTradesecretsIndustrialdesignDirecttrade★Indirecttrade★Transittrade★Transitduty與貿(mào)易相關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定版權(quán)商標(biāo)專利商業(yè)機(jī)密工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)直接貿(mào)易間接貿(mào)易過境貿(mào)易過境稅.TermsWeShouldKnowinThisUNITEEntrepottradeTradesurplus★Tradedeficit★tarriff★Non-tarriffbarrier★BondedwarehouseFreetradezonesglobalization★EconomicglobalizationEconomicintegration轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易貿(mào)易順差貿(mào)易逆差關(guān)稅非關(guān)稅型貿(mào)易壁壘保稅倉庫自由貿(mào)易區(qū)全球化經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化.TermsWeShouldKnowinThisUNITFFactorsofproductionMultinationalcompaniesTransnationalcompaniesNAFTADirectForeigninvestmentEconomicblocsCustomsterritoryEconomicexpansion生產(chǎn)要素多國公司跨國公司北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定對(duì)外直接投資經(jīng)濟(jì)集團(tuán)關(guān)境經(jīng)濟(jì)開展.VignetteNewwordsandexpressions:1Vignette:

adecorativedesignorsmallillustrationusedonthetitlepageofabookoratthebeginningorendofachapter.文字簡短優(yōu)美的)簡介;小品文2capital-intensiveproducts資本密集型產(chǎn)品3land-intensiveproducts土地密集型產(chǎn)品4labor-intensivecommodities勞力密集的產(chǎn)品5finishedproducts成品6cutting-edgetechnology尖端技術(shù)Back.Questions:1Whydomoderncountriestradewithoneanother?Theappearanceofinternationaltradearisesformanyreasons1)Thedifferentdistributionoftheworld’sresourcesdeterminesthepatternsofworldtrade.2)Climateandterrain(地域;地帶)affectthecultivationofsomeagriculturalproductsanationcanproduceandtradeinternationally.3)Theskilledworkersandcapitalresourceshelpdeterminewhatanationisabletoproduceandtradewithothernations.4)Withthedevelopmentofmanufacturingandtechnology,therearoseanothermotivation,economicbenefit,fornationstotrade..Questions:2Illustratewhatarecapital-intensiveproducts,land-intensiveproducts,labor-intensivecommoditiesandlisttheexamplesofcountriesofeachtype.1.1InternationalTradeTerms:Tradevs.barterBack.1.1InternationalTradeTerms:2Internationaltradevs.Domestictrade:Internationaltrade,alsocalledforeigntrade,worldtradeoroverseastrade,inessence,isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofcommodityandserviceacrossnationalboundaries.Itincludesimportandexporttradeoperations.Theformsofinternationaltradecanbelistedasfollowings:Exporting,importing,tradingcompanies,licensing,contractmanufacturing,jointventuresanddirectinvestment..1.1InternationalTradeQuestions:3Listthedifferencesbetweeninternationaltradeanddomestictrade.1.1InternationalTradeTerms:Tradebarrier.1．1．2Abriefhistoryofinternationaltrade

questions:Whydidtheinternationaltradeflourishwithinromanempire?1merchantswereabletotravelsafelyandtradewithoneanother.2theuseofcommoncoinage(貨幣)

enabledbusinesstransactionstobecarriedouteasily.3Romandevelopedasystematiclaw,centralmarketlocationsthroughthefoundingofcites(1500-WorldWarIwesternEuropeancountriesincludingBritainWorldwarIIUnitedStates).1.1.3Theenvironmentofinternationaltrade

1PoliticalenvironmentdifferentinternationaltradepoliciesPoliticalstability.2EconomicenvironmentNewwordsandexpressions:Tariff關(guān)稅Excise海關(guān)pricefluctuation價(jià)格波動(dòng)Question:Explainhowtariff,non-tariffbarrierandforeigncurrencyinfluenceinternationaltrade..3culturalenvironmentHowdoestheculturalenvironmentinfluenceinternationaltrade?4physicalenvironmentNaturalphysicalfeatures,human-madestructures.1.2Basicconceptsofinternationaltrade1.2.1internationaltradeclassification1importvs.exportIFormostnationsexportsandimportsarethemostimportantinternationalactivities.Eachcountryhastoimportthearticlesandcommoditiesitdoesnotitselfproduce,andithastoearnforeignexchangestopayforthem.Itdoesthisbyexportingitsownmanufacturedarticlesandsurplus(過剩,剩余)rawmaterials.Thustheimportandexporttradesaretwosidesofthesamecoin,andbothcanhavebeneficialeffectsonthehomemarket.Back.1.2Basicconceptsofinternationaltrade1.2.1internationaltradeclassification1importvs.exportThefactorsmeanthatimportingandexportingaresubjecttoalotofformalities,suchascustomsentryandexchangecontrolapproval,fromwhichthehomeretail(零售)andwholesaletradesarefree.Theyalsomeanthattheprocedureofforeigntradeismuchmorecomplicatedthanthatofdomestictrade,thelatterinvolvesspecializedknowledgeandhighlytrainedpersonnel..1.2Basicconceptsofinternationaltrade1.2.1internationaltradeclassification1importvs.exportWhenacompanystartstoexportorsellgoodsinanewmarket,theyoftendosomemarketresearchesorapreliminarystudytoseeiftheprojectisfeasible.Theyinvestigatethepotentialmarketordoafeasibilitystudytoseeiftheywillmakemoneybysellinginthenewmarket.Thisstageusuallyincludesmarketresearch,marketingandpromotionandinvestigationofcredit-worthinessofcustomers..1.2BasicconceptsofinternationaltradeSpecialtiesinvolvedinexportandimporttransaction1)shippingagentswilltakeresponsibilityforthedocumentationandarrangeforthegoodstobeshippedbyair,sea,railorroad.2)airlines,shippinglines,railwaycompaniesorhaulage(拖運(yùn)費(fèi);運(yùn)輸;輸送)contractorswillactuallytransportthegoods..1.2BasicconceptsofinternationaltradeSpecialtiesinvolvedinexportandimporttransaction3)boththeimporter’sandexporter’sbankswillbeinvolvedinarrangingpayments.4)aninsurancecompanyinsuresgoodsintransit.5)alawyerifaspecialcontracthastobedrawn.1.2Basicconceptsofinternationaltrade3.DocumentsneededinexportandimporttransactionBilloflading(裝載貨物)(提單)commercialinvoice(發(fā)票,發(fā)貨單,貨單托運(yùn)物品)proformainvoice(形式發(fā)票,估價(jià)發(fā)票)consular(領(lǐng)事的；執(zhí)政官的)

invoice,packinglist,weightmemo,certificateofinspection,certificateoforigin,insurancepolicy,salescontract,sales.1.2Basicconceptsofinternationaltrade1.2.1internationaltradeclassification2tangibletradevs.intangibletrade1)explainwhatistangibletradeandwhatisintangibletradetangibletradevisibletradeintangibletradeinvisibletrade2)AccordingtoSITC(StandardInternationalTradeClassification國際貿(mào)易標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分類)

,theinternationaltradecommoditiescouldbeclassifiedinto10categories.Listthe10categories.3)Listthe4categoriesofservicesdefinedbyGATS.4)DefineIntellectualPropertyRights.1.2Basicconceptsofinternationaltrade

1.2.1internationaltradeclassification3Directtradevs.indirecttradeExplainwhatisdirecttradeandwhatisindirecttradeTrytounderstandfollowingterms:transitcountry,transitdutyandtransittrade;entrepottrade.1.2.2ImportanttermsaboutinternationaltradeTrytounderstandtheImportanttermsaboutinternationaltrade1favorablebalanceoftrade(貿(mào)易順差)andunfavorablebalanceoftrade(貿(mào)易逆差)2generaltradesystem(一般貿(mào)易體系)vs.specialtradesystem(專門貿(mào)易體系)3valueofinternationaltrade(國際貿(mào)易值)vs.quantumofinternationaltrade(國際貿(mào)易量)4thecommoditycompositionofinternationaltrade(國際貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu))5thegeographicalcompositionofinternationaltrade(國際貿(mào)易地理構(gòu)成)6thedegreeofdependenceonforeigntrade(對(duì)外貿(mào)易依存度).1.3EconomicGlobalization1.3.1WhatiseconomicglobalizationQuestions:1Explainwhatiseconomicglobalization.2Explainthetwomaincomponentsofeconomicglobalization:globalizationofmarketsandtheglobalizationofproduction3Explainsthephasesofglobalization4ExplainthePESTFactorsofeconomicglobalization5Whatarethetwomacrofactorsunderliethetrendtowardglobalization?6Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeconomicglobalization.Back.1.3EconomicGlobalization1.3.2InternationalTradeandeconomicGlobalizationExplaintherelationbetweeninternationaltradeandeconomicglobalization.1Inaglob