文檔wc2001.3筆試答案

PAGEPAGE42001.3月上海市英語(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯資格證書第一階段考試參考答案:SECTION1:LISTENINGTESTPartA:SpotDictation1.sleepandeat11.announcementsandtheassignment2.getsomeexercise12.becauseyouaresick3.doallthesethings13.makeupthework4.andwritepapers14.beforeyouaresick5.haveaquiz15.Inhighschool6.Shouldyousleeplate16.getaperfectscore7.theprofessorofthecourse17.answereveryquestioncorrectly8.theyrequireattendance18.basicideas9.Onceinawhile19.hisorherofficehours10.morethanafewtimes20.repeat10.whattheysaidinclassPartB:ListeningComprehension1—5ADBCA6—1011—15BDAAC16—20BABCASECTION2：READINGTEST1—5DBBCA6—10BCDDA11—15DCCBA16—20DABCDSECTION3：TRANSLATIONTEST請(qǐng)思考一下同一個(gè)人在相隔8年前后說的話，“說到底，貧窮與其說是指生活在貧窮的國(guó)家、不如說是指只擁有低劣的技術(shù)?！边@是比爾·蓋茨在1992年說的話。想當(dāng)年，這位微軟公司董事長(zhǎng)的形象是個(gè)待人嚴(yán)厲、有自由(意志論)傾向的家伙，他得意地宣稱只需要靠自己的產(chǎn)品就可以“改變世界?！薄堑模幢闶墙裉斓馁Y本家偶像比爾·蓋茨，似乎也改變了想法。1992年時(shí)充滿自信的蓋茨顯然屬于那個(gè)時(shí)代，相信他從事的行業(yè)擁有改變世界的能力，確信市場(chǎng)和新技術(shù)的力量一旦得到釋放，就可以解放世界上的絕大多數(shù)問題。但是新千年的蓋茨對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度，表現(xiàn)出一種對(duì)奉獻(xiàn)和政府援助的熱情。盡管他已是億萬富翁，但也越來越認(rèn)識(shí)到自冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來盛行的“全球資本主義是萬靈藥”的意識(shí)形態(tài)一定有不當(dāng)之處。SECTION4：LISTENINGTESTPartA:Note-takingandGap-filling1.farmers/land-owners/peasants2.job/post3.cowboys4.college/university5.campus6.banned/regarded/described7.fame/reputation/identity/popularity8.adult/grown-up/average/ordinary9.age/stratum10.annual/yearly/total/entire11.50012.movies/films/pictures13.servicemen/soldiers/Gis14.unavailability15.increase/growth16.demand/need/requirement17.exporting/selling/marketing18.European19.Latin20.EastPartB:ListeningandTranslationⅠ.SentenceTranslation1.16歲以上人士可以讀繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院，許多課程是與工作相關(guān)的職業(yè)課程。2.藝術(shù)教學(xué)有許多方法，但我認(rèn)為主要的是要鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)孩子的想像力，允許他們盡可能自由地表達(dá)自己。3.接下來的數(shù)月里銷售額持續(xù)下降，但隨后形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn)，銷售陡然上升。4.我談一下英國(guó)公路交通事故問題。1992年到2000年期間，事故總數(shù)波動(dòng)很大。5.我們是意大利公司在英國(guó)的子公司，我們正在考慮為英國(guó)開發(fā)一些新產(chǎn)品系列，比如供應(yīng)英國(guó)市場(chǎng)飲料。Ⅱ.PassageTranslation1.1970年到1990年期間，伴隨著農(nóng)業(yè)人口下降，城市人口幅上升。在有些年份，100多萬男女離開農(nóng)場(chǎng)，到國(guó)內(nèi)日益擴(kuò)大的城市地區(qū)尋找更好的機(jī)會(huì)。在另一極端，主要是年輕夫婦從舊城區(qū)遷往郊區(qū)，尋求更好的生活條件以撫養(yǎng)自己的家庭。結(jié)果是巨大的城郊住宅開發(fā)項(xiàng)目幾乎是一夜之間冒了出來。2.煙草業(yè)今天就香煙廣告向衛(wèi)生部發(fā)出反擊。他們發(fā)表了一份報(bào)告，聲稱香煙廣告并不鼓勵(lì)人們抽更多的煙，只是鼓勵(lì)人們買某種品牌的煙。報(bào)告的依據(jù)是從全球90個(gè)國(guó)家收集的數(shù)據(jù)。報(bào)告與衛(wèi)生部上有月發(fā)表的數(shù)字有沖突，這些數(shù)字表明禁止廣告會(huì)減少香煙消費(fèi)。煙草業(yè)的發(fā)言人說“如果一種產(chǎn)品合法，那么做這種產(chǎn)品的廣告也應(yīng)該是合法的?！盨ECTION5：READINGTEST(答案要點(diǎn))1.ashowofpostcardswithdrawingsfromhundredsofartists,“celebrities”(well-knownpeople)/includingsculptors,fashiondesignersandmusicians/comedians2.drawingsonblankpostcardpersonallybyartists/someareinternationallyfamous/eachpieceis“anonymous”/namesofartistswillnotbeknownuntiltheendoftheshow/someofthedrawingscanbemostpreciousandvaluable3.anartlover/whoknowssomeoftheartiststheirstylesquitewell/interestedintheexperienceof“buyingblindly”/boughtsomevaluablecard4.others:“content”toproduce/make“astory”/programnotdirectlyinvolvedinsocialchangessleepandeat.Youalsowanttospendtimewithyournewfriendsandgetsomeexercise.But,afterthefirsttwoweeksofclasses,youhaveprobablyconcludedthatthereisn'tenoughtimetodoallthesethings,becauseyoualsohavenoattendclasses,gotolabs,doassignmentsandwritepapers.Soonyouwillbeinasituationlikethisone:Youaregoingtohaveaquizinyourteno'clockclass.Youstudiedforituntil3a.m.Youalsohaveaneighto'clock.Shouldyousleeplateandskiptheeighto'clockclass?Tosomeextenttheanswerdependsontheprofessorofthecourse.Someinstructorsannouncethattheyrequireattendance.Inthatcaseyoureallyshouldgotoclass.Somedon'tsayanything.Inthatcaseyouhavetodecide.Onceinawhileitisbettertostayinbedandsleepthantogetsotiredyoucannotthink,However,itisnotagoodideatoskipclassmorethanafewtimes.Ifyouhavetoskipaclass.askanotherstudentfortheclassnotes,announcementsandtheassignment.Also,cometothenextclassprepared.Ifyoumissclassbecauseyouaresick,telltheinstructorafterward.Heorshemayletyoumakeupthework.Ifyouhaveanimportantappointment,telltheinstructoraboutitbeforeyoumisstheclass.Hereisanotherproblem.Youtookthequiz.Evenafterstudyingveryhard,youcouldnotanswerallthequestions.Inhighschoolyoualwaysnoteveryanswerright.Whatwentwrong?Nothing.Highschoolworkiseasy,soagoodstudentissupposedtogetaprefectscore.Incollegetheteacherwantstochallengeeventhebeststudents.Therefore,almostnobodyanswerseveryquestioncorrectly.Butmaybetheresomeverybasicideasinthatcourseyoudon'tunderstand.Goseetheteacherduringhisorherofficehours.Mostteacherswillgladlyexplainthingsagain.Ofcourse,theywillnotbepleasedtorepeatwhattheysaidinclasstosomeonewhoskippedclass.Maybeyoureallyshouldgetupforthateighto'clockclass!PartB:ListeningComprehensionDirections:Inthispartofthetesttherewillbesomeshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachone,youwillbeaskedsomequestion.Thetalks,conversationandquestionwillbespokenONLYONCE.NowlistencarefullyandchoosetherightanswertoeachquestionyouhaveheardandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Nowlet'sbeginPartBListeningComprehension.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingconversation.(Male)Irecentlyreadanarticlewhichsaidthatinprimaryschoolsinparticularchancesofpromotionsofwomeninprimaryeducation.Isthissomethingyou'venoticedoristhissomethingyoufeel?(Female)No,thisissomethingthatisso.Ireadthatarticle,too.Iwouldhavewrittenitmyself,really.Andwecomebackfullcirclereallybecauseit'snotjustteaching,Imeanit'severythingthatmenaregettingpromotionmorequicklythanwomen.Intheprimarysectortherearefarmorewomenteachersthanmenbuttherearemoreheadmastersthanheadmistresses.(Male)Sowheredoesthatleavesomeonelikeyou?Imeanwhat,whatarethepossibilitiesofyourpromotioninprimaryeducation?Atthemomentyou'reinchargeofasectionoftheschool.(Female)YesI'minchargeoftheinfantdepartmentwhichgoesfromthechildrenwhoarethreetothechildrenwhoareseven.Andtheytransferwhentheyareseventohigheruptheschoolwhichiscalledthejuniordepartment,SoI'minchargeoftheLower(Male)Anddoyouhaveambitioninthatsense?Imeanwouldyouliketobeaheadmistress?(Female)NononoIwouldnot.Iwouldnotliketobeaheadmistressatall.ImeanthisisthenextstageofmycareerwereIambitious...um...butIbasicallyenjoybeingaclassroomteacher.Nowperhapsthisgivesacluetowhytherearenotmorewomenheads.Idon'tknowImeaninthepastitmayhavebeenthat,anditmaystillbe,thatbecauseboysarebroughtuptobemoreambitious,thatthey'retheoneswhoaregoingforpromotionandquickpromotion,Imeanrapidpromotionsothattheyareheadsbythetimethey'rethirtyandtheystartoutintheircareerthinkingthatwhereasIenjoybeingaclassteacherandum－IwasadeputyheadbeforeIgotthispostbutIprefertobeintheclassroomwiththechildrenthansittingatadeskdoingadministrationwhichiswhatbeingaheadmeansifyou'reaheadofalargishschool.(Male)Areyoupleasedthatyouchoseprimaryteachingasacareerandif...ifsomeonecameuptoyouatschoolleavingageandwaswonderingaboutwhattheyweregoingtodo,wouldyouadvisethemtofollowinyourfootsteps?(Female)I'mverypleasedthatIdid－wellI'mpleasedmostofthetime.MondaymorningI'mnotpleased.SomemorningsduringtheweekandtheendoftheholidaysI'mnotpleased.I'maprimaryschoolteacher,ImeanbasicallyIam.BecauseIleftteachingonceandthenwentbackintoit,soIthinkthatshowsthatIamcommittedtobeaprimaryschoolteacher.QuestionNO.1.Whathasthemanreadrecently?QuestionNO.2.Whatdoesthewomanmeanbythe“LowerSchool”?QuestionNO.3.Accordingtothewoman,whydomengetrapidpromotion?QuestionNO.4.Whatdoesthewomanwantforherself?QuestionNO.5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothedialogue?Question6to10arebasedonthefollowingnews.NEWDELHIItalian-bornSoniaGandhiwasoverwhelminglyreelectedpresidentofIndia'soppositionCongressPartyyesterday,crushingtheunwelcomechallengeoflittle-knowndissident.AseniorofficialofthetroubledcentristgroupsaidthewidowofformerprimeministerRajivGandhiwonallbut180ofthe7,767ballotscastbypartydelegatesaroundthecountryonSunday.Formerpartyvice-presidentJitendraPrasada,whomadehistorybybecomingthefirstpersontocontesttheleadershipofIndia'soldestpartyagainstamemberoftheNehru-Gandhidynasty,tookjust94votes.Eighty-sixothervoteswereinvalid.Morethan2,000exuberantGandhisupportersgatheredoutsidetheCongressPartyheadquartersinNewDelhiasthevotecountcametoaclose.Manyofthemhadalreadycompletedseveralhoursofcelebration,settingofffirecrackers,wavingbannersandchantingGandhi'snameLISBONARussian-builtAntonovplanecrashednearLuandayesterday,killingall40peopleaboardandonepersonontheground,Portugal'sLusanewsagencyreportedfromtheAngolancapital.LusahadearlierquotedAngolanNationalRadioassayingthe24peoplewerebelievedaboardtheplanethatcamedownat13∶00localtime,somefiveminutesaftertakingoff.ThePortugueseagencysaidthatoneofitscorrespondentshadcounted41bodiesatthesceneofthecrashinopencountryontheoutskirtsofLuanda.Itsaidthatthebodies,includingsomewomenandchildren,werebadlyburned.BOGOTAColombia'stoprebelgroupbrokeoffpeacetalkswiththegovernmentyesterday,sayingithadfailedtohaltright-wing“terrorism”andwaslayingthegroundworkforaVietNam-style,USmilitaryinterventionintheAndeannation.ThesurprisemovebytheRevolutionaryArmedForcesofColombia(FARC),LatinAmerica'slargestrebelarmy,cameatameetinginitsSwitzerland-sizedsafehaveninsoutheasternjungles,whereguerrillacommandersandgovernmentdelegatesweresupposedtooutlinetermfortheirfirstbilateralcease-firein13years.Instead,FARCissuedastifflywordedstatementsayingitwasindefinitelysuspendingtheslow-movingpeacetalksitbeganinJanuary1999.BERNETheSwissGovernmentaskedparliamentyesterdaytoratifyatreatyestablishinganinternationalcriminalcourttotrymassmurderersandothergrossviolatorsofhumanrights.Thecourt,tobebasedintheDutchcityofTheHague,wouldtrythemostheinouscrimes－genocide,warcrimesandcrimesagainsthumanity.“Settingupapermanentcriminalcourtthataimstoputanendtoleavingcriminalsunpunishedhasbeenexpectedfordecades.Itscreationmarksavaluablecontributiontopeaceandsecurity,”theforeignministrysaidinastatement.Twenty-twocountrieshaveratifiedthetreatydrawnupinRomein1998.Atotalof60mustdosobeforethecourtcanstartup.Some115countrieshavesignedupforthecourt,signalingtheirintentiontoratifythetreaty.PARISFrenchauthoritiesclaimtheywilldestroyallmeatandbonemealusedinthemanufactureofanimalfeedyesterday.TheclaimwasmadeonedayafterPrimeMinisterLionelJospinannouncedabanonsuchfeedtopreventthespreadof“madcowdisease.”FrancoisPatriat,theFrenchStateSecretaryforConsumptionundertheMinistryofAgriculture,saidFrancehasthemeanstocopewiththisemergencysituation.Franceneedstodestroyabout1milliontonsofsuchfeedwithinoneyear.Ithassofardestroyed140,000tonsandisintheprocessofstockinganddestroying500,000tonsmorenow.QuestionNo.6.WhathappenedrecentlyinIndia?QuestionNo.7.HowmanypeoplewerekilledinaplanecrashinAngola?QuestionNo.8.WhathappenedintheLatinAmericancountryofColombia?QuestionNo.9.WhatdoestheSwissgovernmentasktheparliamenttodo?QuestionNo.10.WhatdotheFrenchauthoritiesclaimtheywilldo?Question11to15arebasedonfollowinginterview.(Male)So,Juulietyou...youhaveaverypowerfulvoice,withawonderfulrangefromhightolow...doesittakealotoflookingafter?(Female)Um...notmoresothananybodyelse,Idon'tthink...um,buter,I'mverylazy,I'msureI'mdoingalotofthingswrong,um,buter,sofarsogood.IdolookafteritinthefactthatItrynottogetverytired,orwearmyselfout,becausenotjust,youknow,...talkingdoesasmuchdamage,andlaughingthewrongway,assingingdoes...(Man)Itthatso?Ididn'trealisethat...(Female)Yeah...Somepeopletalk...Ifyoutalklikethis,youputalotofstrainonthebackofcordsthere,um,thatdoesalotofdamagetoyourvocalsoveranumberofyears,soyoutryand,ItryandtalkthewayI'mtalkingnow,notveryfast,notveryhigh-pitched,andwithoutmuchpressureonmyvoice.(Man)Whenyou'resinging,yousound,yourvoicesoundswonderfullyrelaxed,butthat'snottheideathatmostpeoplewouldhaveofthemusicbusinessasawhole.Isthe,isthelife-styleverystressful?(Female)Yes,asamatteroffact,it'sverydemanding,um,it'sprobablylikea,anexecutivejob,um,whereyoucan'tcomehomeatacertainnine-to-five,youcan'tspendalotofyourtimewithpeoplearoundyou,youfeeldetachedbecauseyouknow,it'slike,I,I...Idon'tnecessarilyhaveaschedule,Imightworkweekends,um,but...Idon'tactuallymind,butit'slikeyourfamily,yourboyfriend,oryourhusband,orwhatever,theycan'tgettoseeyou,it'slikelastnight,I,erit'slikeIwassupposedtobegoingouttodinnerwitholdfriend,youknowwithsomefriends,and,Iended,Iwasatastudio,andIsaid,ohIshouldbefinishedaroundseven,andofcourseeleveno'clockcame,andIwasstillatthestudio,andeverybodywasravingmad,andIgotthereonlytofindthateverybodywasgettingreadytoleavetherestaurant...Thingslikethatdohappen,youknowyoucan't,you...you'renottiedtothat,andbecauseofthatsometimesyoufeelyoucan'tdothingsthatotherpeople,nine-to-five,cando.YoumighthaveadayoffonaTuesday,andallyournine-to-fivefriendshavegottogetuptogotowork,sotheydon'tnecessarilywanttogooutonthetownortothecountrysideortothebeach,thewayyoumightwanttoonaSaturday,andsoyoufindthatyou,youchange,andyouhangaroundwithmorepeopleinthebusiness,becausetheirschedulesallfityours...(Man)Youmeanitisyourmusiccareerthatdeterminesthepatternofyoursociallife?(Female)Yes,Imeanyoucanhavemoreofasociallifewithinthebusiness.It'snotthatyoujustwanttohangoutwiththefamouspeople,it'sjustthatthey'retheonesthatareavailable...QuestionNo.11.Whatisthejobofthewomanisbeinginterviewed?QuestionNo.12.Intheinterview,thewomaniscomparingherjobwithanothertypeofwork.QuestionNo.13.Accordingtotheinterview,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?QuestionNo.14.Whydidthewomanletdownherfriendsbybeinglateattherestaurantlastnight?QuestionNo.15.Whatisthemaintopicofthisinterview?Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingtalk.(Man)IntheUnitedStates,homelessnesshadgrownatadramaticrateduringthelastdecade.EstimatesofthenumberofAmericanscurrentlywithoutapermanenthomevarywildly.AdvocacygroupsliketheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelesssaythatcloseto3millionAmericansliveonthestreetsorinemergencyandtemporaryshelters.TheU.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopmentputsthefigureat350,000.Yetbothbureaucratsandadvocatesagreeononepoint,thatis,thefaceofhomelessnesshaschangedradicallyinthepast10years,asmoreandmorelow-incomehousingismoweddowninthenameofprogress.Some20yearsago,saysKristenMorris,assistantdirectoroftheNewYork,officeoftheNationalCoalitionfortheHomeless,thetypical“streetperson”wasaWhitemalewhosufferedfromamentalillnessoranaddictiontodrugsoralcohol.Today'shomeless,however,areamoreeclecticgroup.Morethan60percentofthehomelesstodayareBlack,mostlysinglemotherswithsmallchildren.Morethanhalfofthemhaveneverbeenhomelessbefore.Inmanycases,theyhavebeenevictedformtheirhomes,orthelow-incomehousinginwhichtheylivedwasdemolishedorburneddown.About60percentofallhomelesspeopleliveonsomeformofpublicassistancewithanaveragemonthlyincomeof210dollars.About20percentarementallyill.AccordingtoMarieRobinsonwhoisalawyerforthecoalitionfortheHomeless,“Therehasbeenarealdemocratizationofskidrow”.Allsortsofpeoplehavebeenpushedoutofthehousingmarketbecauseofthecriticalshortageofaffordableplacestolive.Asaresult,homelessnesshasclimbedtothetopofthe“me-generation's”shortlistofsocialconcerns.Butthereisagreatgapbetweenconcernandactiveinvolvementintheefforttosolvethisgrowingproblem.Formanypeople,theinactionisduetoignorance,notindifference.AccordingtoEllenRocks,whoisexecutivedirectoroftheHouseofRuth,aWashington,D.C.,organizationthatprovidesshelterandotherservicestowomenwhoarehomelessorarethevictimsofdomesticviolence,“Thereareaalotofpeoplewhowanttogetinvolvedbutdon'treallyknowhow.”Thefactisthattherearemanywaysinwhichindividualscanhelpthehomeless.Yetforthosepeopletrulyinterestedinthecause,oneofthefirststepsistogettoknowthehomelessandunderstandhowtheybecamethatway.Manyadvocatesbelievethatitisimportantformiddle-classpeopletogettoknowandreachouttothehomelessandbridgethegapthatexists.“Middle-classpeoplehavetolearnthatwhatishappeninginAmericatodayisall-outwaronthepoor.JustasAmericaoncerobbedtheIndiansoftheirland,todaywe'rerobbingthepoorofaffordablehousing.”QuestionNo.16.AccordingtotheUSDepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment,howmanyAmericansarehomeless?QuestionNo.17.Accordingtotalk,whichofthefollowingisresponsibleforthedramaticgrowthrateofhomelessness?QuestionNo.18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutthehomelesspeople?QuestionNo.19.Whyisthereagreatgapbetweenmereconcernandactiveinvolvementinsolvingtheproblem?QuestionNo.20.Accordingtothetalk,whatisoneofthefirststepstohelpthesehomelesspeople?SECTION4:LISTENINGTESTPartA:Note-takingandGap-fillingDirections:Inthispartofthetestyouwillhearashorttalk.YouwillhearthetalkONLYONCE.Whilelisteningtothetalk,youmaytakenotesontheimportantpointssothatcanhaveenoughinformationtocompleteagap-fillingtaskonaseparateANSWERBOOKLET.YouwillnotgetyourANSWERBOOKLETuntilafteryouhavelistenedtothetalk.Nowlistentothetalkcarefully.(Woman)Beyonddoubt,thejeansphenomenonisaseismiceventinthehistoryofdress,andnotonlyintheUnitedStates.Indeed,thehabitofwearingjeansis－alongwiththecomputer,thecopyingmachine,rockmusic,poliovaccine,andthehydrogenbomb－oneofthemajorcontributionsoftheUnitedStatestopostwarworldatlarge.Beforethenineteen-fifties,jeanswereworn,principallyintheWestandSouthwestoftheUnitedStates,bychildren,farmers,manuallaborerswhenonthejob,andofcourse,cowboys.Therewereisolatedexceptions－forexample,artistsofbothsexestooktobluejeansinandaroundSantaFe,NewMexico,inthenineteen-twentiesandthirties;around1940,themalestudentsatWilliamsCollegetookthemupasamarkofdifferentiationfromthechino-wearingsnobsofYaleandPrinceton;andinthelatefortiesthefemalestudentsofBenningtonCollegeadoptedthemasavirtualuniform,thoughonlyforwearoncampus－butinthenineteen-fifties,JamesDeanandMarlonBrandoworejeansinmoviesaboutyouthinarevoltagainstparentsandsociety.JohnWayneworetheminmoviesaboutuntrammeledheroesinalawlessOldWest,manyschoolsfromcoasttocoastgaveaboosttojeansbybanningthemasinappropriateforclassrooms.Sojeansacquiredtheideologicalbaggagenecessarytopropelthemtonationalfame.Afterthatfamecamequickly,anditwasnotlongbeforeyoungAmericans－whethertoexpresssocialdissent,toenjoycomfort,ortofollowtheirpeers－h(huán)adbecomesoattachedtotheirjeansthatsomehardlyevertookthemoff.Accordingtoajeansauthority,ayoungmanintheNorthBronxwithalargeandindulgentfamilyattainedsomesortofrecordbycontinuouslywearingthesamepairofjeans,evenforbathingandsleeping,forovereightmonths.Eventually,asalltheworldknows,thepopularityofjeansspreadfromcowboysandanomicyouthstoadultAmericansofvirtuallyeveryareandsociopoliticalposture,conspicuouslyincludingJimmyCarterwhenhewasacandidateforthepresidency.Truckscontainingjeanscametorankasoneofthethreeleadingtargetsofhijackers,alongwiththosecontainingliquorandcigarettes.EstimatesofjeanssalesintheUnitedStatesvarywildly,chieflybecausethelinebetweenjeansandslackshascometobeafuzzyone.Accordingtothemostconservativefigures,putoutbytheleadingjeansmanufacturer,LeviStrauss&Company,ofSanFrancisco,annualsalesofjeansofallkindsintheUnitedStatesbyallmanufacturersin1957stoodataroundahundredandfiftymillionpairs,whilefor1997theycametooverfivehundredmillion,orconsiderablymorethantwopairsforeveryman,woman,andchildinthecountry.Overseas,jeanshadtowaitslightlylongerfortheirtimetocome.AmericanWesternmoviesandtheexampleofAmericanservicemenfromtheWestandSouthweststationedabroadwho,assoonastheSecondWorldWarended,changeddirectlyfromtheirserviceuniformsintobluejeansboughtatpostexchangesstartedafadforthemamongEuropeansinthelatenineteen-forties.Butthefadremainedasmallone,partlybecauseoftheunavailabilityofjeansinanyquantity;inthosedays,EuropeancustomersconsideredjeansofinferiorqualityunlesstheycamefromtheUnitedStates,whileUnitedStatesjeansmanufacturerswereinclinedtobesatisfiedwithareliabledomesticmarket.Beingalwaysshortofdenim,therough,durable,naturallyshrink-and-stretchcottonclothofwhichbasicjeansaremade,theywerereluctantorunabletoundertakeoverseasexpansion.Gradually,though,denimproductionintheUnitedStatesincreased,andmeanwhiledemandforAmerican-madejeansbecameveryoverwhelminginpartsofEurope.Atfirst,thedemandwasgreatestinGermany,France,England,andtheBeneluxnations;lateritspreadtoItaly,SpainandScandinavia,andeventuallytoLatinAmericanandtheFarEast.PartB:ListeningandTranslationⅠ.SentenceTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear5English