Unit4+詞匯、短語、語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及拓展 人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

英語張老師專用講義八下unit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)及拓展詞匯拓展wrong(adj.)—____________________(反義詞，正確的)relation(n.)—____________________(n.關(guān)系)communicate(v.)—____________________(n.交流)argue(v.)—____________________(n.爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵)cloud(n.)—____________________(adj.多云的)old(adj.)—____________________(adj.年紀(jì)較長(zhǎng)的)offer(v.)—____________________(近義詞)proper(adj.)—_______________(adv.合理地)—_____________（不合理的，不合適的）secondly(adv.)—____________________(adj.第二)—____________________(n.秒)explain(v.)—____________________(n.解釋)pressure(n.)—____________________(n.近義詞)—____________________(v.按，壓)compete(v.)—____________________(n.比賽)—____________________(n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者)—____________________(adj.有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的)opinion(n.)—____________________(近義詞)skill(n.)—____________________(adj熟練的)typical(adj.)—____________________(adv.典型地)quick(adj.)—____________________(adv.快)—____________________(近義詞)push(v.)—____________________(反義詞)development(n.)—(v.)—adj—adjusual(adj.)—(adv.通常)—(反義詞，adj.不尋常的)perhaps(adv.)—(近義詞)21.clearadj.—(adv.清晰地，明顯地)—（adj.不清楚的，不確定的）22.normaladj.—____________________adv.—____________________(反義詞)-用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Thoughitwasraining,theycontinued(work)inthefield.Noneofthemtookpartinyesterday’sEnglishspeech(compete).Ihadan(usual)experiencelastnight.Icouldn’tbelieveitatall.Themanisa(skill)workerandweshouldlearnfromhim.Let’sbookthewindowseatssothatwemayseethennightskymore(clear).Iwillnottakethisbag.Firstly,itisexpensive,and(second),it'snotofgoodquality.EricandFrankstopped(argue)whentheysawtheteachercomingintotheclassroom.Wedon’thaveanyfreetime(do)thethingwelike.(what)Ido,myparentsalwaysencouragemetogetoutofdifficulties.Wemadeanimportant(decide)attheendofthemeeting.It'snotright(copy)others'homework.Whenpeoplehavedifferentideas,(argue)isofnouse.Althoughtheinternetmakesourlifeeasier,itsometimes(cause)troubletous.Good(communicate)isimportantforbusiness(業(yè)務(wù)).Itried(pull)onehandfreeandfinallymanaged(break)theropes.WemustbeproudofbeingaChinesetoseethegreat(develop)ofourcountry.Idon’tseeany(relate)betweenthetwoproblems.ThoughJackisyoung,hecanplaytheviolinaswellashis(old)brother.Asteenagers,weshouldmanageourtime(proper)andneverputofftoday’sworktilltomorrow.Motherssendtheirsmallkidstoallkindsofclasses.Andtheyarealways(compare)themwithotherchildren.短語復(fù)習(xí)有空閑時(shí)間__ 2.允許人做某事3.與某人閑逛 4.課外活動(dòng)課___5.與某人吵架/打架 6.和…比較7.與某人交談 8.生某人的氣__9.給某人寫信 10.打電話給某人12.令某人驚訝 12.翻看，瀏覽_13.成功地發(fā)展；解決 14.和睦相處；關(guān)系良好_15.主動(dòng)提出做某事 16.以便_______17.介意某人做_ 18.一直______19.今后______ 20.使某人生氣21.擔(dān)心某事_ 22.進(jìn)入，走進(jìn)_23.給某人施壓 24.與某人吵架25.與某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 26.取得更好的成績(jī)27.提出某人的觀點(diǎn) 28.學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)試技巧29.體育訓(xùn)練___ 30.刪除______-即時(shí)練習(xí)在我看來，我們應(yīng)該每天打掃我們自己的房間。,weshouldcleanourownroomeveryday.我爸媽不允許我晚上與朋友出去閑逛。Myparentsdon’tmewithmyfriendsatnight胡老師正在給學(xué)生們發(fā)新書。Mr.Hunownewbookstothestudents盡管她做得不對(duì)，但也沒什么了不起的。she'swrong,it'snot.關(guān)于這件事，你應(yīng)該向你的老師解釋。Aboutthething,youyourteacher.我今天早上上課遲到了，所以老師生我的氣了。Iwaslateforclassthismorning,sotheteacherme.由于污染，許多人擔(dān)心他們的健康。Manypeoplebecauseofthepollution.當(dāng)我離開家的時(shí)候，我總是感到孤獨(dú)和焦慮。IalwaysfeelwhenIamawayfromhome.如果你的父母遇到問題，你應(yīng)該主動(dòng)提供幫助。Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshould.很多孩子不喜歡和他們的父母交流。Manychildrendon'tliketheirparents.這個(gè)問題太困難了。我認(rèn)為我們找不到一種新的方法來解決它。Thisproblemissodifficult.Idon’tthinkwecanfindanewway______.我不得不在學(xué)校和同學(xué)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因?yàn)槲业母改缚偸前盐液推渌⒆颖容^。Ihavetoclassmatesatschoolbecausemyparentsalways_____otherchildren.每個(gè)人都喜歡鮑勃，因?yàn)樗芎推渌瑢W(xué)相處得很好。EverybodylikesBobbecausehecanotherclassmates.花更多的時(shí)間在你學(xué)習(xí)上面，然后你可以取得更好的成績(jī)。Spendmoretimeonyourstudyandyoucan__.隨著5G技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我們的日常生活變得越來越方便。_5Gtechnology,ourdailyliveshavebecomemoreandmoreconvenient.這兩個(gè)人過去常?；ハ酄?zhēng)論，以證明誰更強(qiáng)壯。Thetwomeneachothertoprovewhoisstronger.期末考試即將到來。你應(yīng)該恰當(dāng)?shù)赜?jì)劃你的時(shí)間，并且你會(huì)成功的。Thefinalexamiscoming.Youshouldandyouwillmakeit.史密斯先生是個(gè)殘疾人。但在一名志愿者的幫助下，他過著正常的生活。Mr.Smithisadisabledperson.Butwiththehelpofavolunteer,he.對(duì)于孩子來說，沒有必要有太多的壓力。最好刪掉一些課外課程。Thereisnoneedforkidstohavetoomuchpressure.afewafter-schoollessons.當(dāng)你演講時(shí)，你應(yīng)該說話比平時(shí)更大聲，以便大家都容易聽到你的聲音。Whenyoumakeaspeech,youshouldspeakinordertomakeeveryonehearyoueasily.三、知識(shí)詳解competev.比賽_____________________________為得到某物與某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Hecompetedagainsthisbestfriendforthefirstprize.【練習(xí)】完成句子梁博在“中國(guó)好聲音”中獲得冠軍。LiangBowas___________________oftheVoiceofChina.allow允許，許可allow常見用法如下：(1)_____________________________.“允許某人做某事”Myparentsallowmetogooutatnight._____________________________“允許做某事”+v_ingThelibrarydoesn’tallowtakingloudly.allow+名詞Wecan’tallowsuchathing.【練習(xí)】Theyoungshouldbeallowed__________(achieve)theirdreamsontheirown.Doyouoftenallow_______until11:00p.m.?tostayupB.stayupC.stayingupD.andstayup1.我的父母不允許我上學(xué)的晚上上網(wǎng)。___________________________________________________.2.他們不允在這條街上停車。___________________________________________________________.workout產(chǎn)生……效果，進(jìn)展……Thingsworkedoutquitewellforus.【拓展】workout“__________________”Heworkedouttheanswerbycomputingagain,butmorecarefully.You’dbetterworkoutaplantoimproveyourwritingskills.【練習(xí)】保持句意基本不變Jessicasolvedthephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.Jessica_________________thephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.4.getonwith……“與……相處”+sth“進(jìn)展”=___________________……MrsSmithgetsonwellwithherneighbors.表示相處的如何，在with前加well(好）或badly(差）等修飾詞。Doyougetalongwellwithyourclassmates?HowareyougettingonwithyourEnglishstudy?Heisgettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.【練習(xí)】杰克會(huì)和同學(xué)們相處得很好。Jackwill_________________________hisclassmates.callsb.up打電話給某人Sheisbusywithherhomework.Don’tcallherup.【拓展】打電話給某人的不同表達(dá)方式ringsbupgivesbaring/callphonesbmakeaphonecalltosbcallsb【練習(xí)】改為同義句Don’tcallupMary.Don’t______________________-_____________-Mary.Sheoftencallsupheroldclassmates.Sheoften______-_________heroldmunicatev.交流信息；溝通--communicationn.j交流_______________________________和…交流/溝通【練習(xí)】找出能代替句中劃線部分的一項(xiàng)。Peoplechoosetokeepintouchwiththeirfriendsbye—mail.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.writeB.readC.agreeD.communicateargue爭(zhēng)吵，爭(zhēng)論argue作不及物動(dòng)詞，名詞形式為______________，_______________________________________“與某人爭(zhēng)論”-Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.___________________________________與某人爭(zhēng)論，其中argue有“爭(zhēng)辯，爭(zhēng)論”的意思，常指根據(jù)一定的理由想要說服他人。Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.Don’targuewithyourmother.如果表示“為某事與某人爭(zhēng)辯”時(shí)，常用_______________________________They’realwaysarguingwitheachotheraboutmoney.【辨析】argue與discussargue著重于自己的看法、立場(chǎng)，提出論證說理，以理說服他人。discuss重在交換意見，進(jìn)行討論，不含說服對(duì)方的成分?！揪毩?xí)】Ineverargue______-myparents.A.inB.toC.forD.withDowhatyouwereorderedanddon’t________me.A.quarrelB.argueC.arguewithD.discussinstead代替，頂替【辨析】instead與insteadof單詞/短語詞性意義或用法instead副詞指舍去___________________________，可_________，位于__________________。insteadof介詞（短語）指舍去后面的成分而取前面的成分，不能_______________________-Hedidn’tanswer;instead,heaskedhisfather.-Weeatnoodlesinsteadofricesometimes.【練習(xí)】用instead或insteadof填空Dave

went

fishing_______________going

skating.My

brother

isn’t

good

at

math.__________,he

is

good

at

English.Ilike

reading

in

the

library____________in

the

classroom.

Yesterday

John____________Mr.

Zhang

gave

us

atalk

on

American

history.

Davewentcycling_______________goingskating.Mybrotherisn'tgoodatmath.__________,heisgoodatEnglish.Mr.Zhanglikesreadingnewspapers___________books.llikereadinginthelibrary____________intheclassroom.offerV.提供；提出，建議(1)offer“提供”，其后可接雙賓語，即___________________.=________________________.Sheofferstheoldmanacupoftea.=Sheoffersacupofteatotheoldman.offer還有“提出，建議”的意思，其后接不定式時(shí)表示“主動(dòng)提出做某事”_______________________________Heofferedtolendmesomebooks.【練習(xí)】Thelittleboy_____hisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.A.lentB.offeredC.tookD.brought10.comparev.“比較，和……相比”_______________________________和….作比較Henevercompareshimselfwithothers.【拓展】_______________________________“把……比作……”，Lifeiscomparedtovoyage.Peopleoftencomparethelifetoastage.【練習(xí)】Myhandwritingcannotbecompared______father’s.A.toB.withC.onD.for11.continue為動(dòng)詞，“繼續(xù)”continue作及物動(dòng)詞，“繼續(xù)（做某事）”+名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞_______________________________=_______________________________繼續(xù)做某事Themeetingwillbecontinuedafterabreak.Theyoungmancontinuedhisstudyafterhisfatherdied.Theraincontinuedfalling/tofallallafternoon.（2）continue用在直接引語后，表示“接著說”“Ilikeyourcountryverymuch,”hecontinued.【練習(xí)】Althoughwearetired,we________work.A.continuesB.continuetoC.continuingD.continued12.cutout剪裁，刪去Sheiscuttingoutacoat.Youmustcutoutimportantdetails.【練習(xí)】Hedecidedtocut_______smoking.A.upB.onC.outD.in13.cause的用法(1)cause用作動(dòng)詞，“使產(chǎn)生，使發(fā)生”Aburningcigarettecausedthefire.Whatcausedhisillness?cause有可用作名詞，“_________\_________”Thedogwasthecauseoftheaccident.【練習(xí)】翻譯句子許多車禍都是因?yàn)殚_車不小心造成的。______________________________14.theTaylors【解析】the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“____________________”，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用________。例如：TheTaylorsareatypicalAmericanfamily.a/an＋姓氏單數(shù)”表示_______________________。例如：HiswifeisaKennedy（＝amemberoftheKennedyfamily）【做一做】1.TheBrowns__________(be)fromNewYork.2.John一家人在看電視。TheJohns_____________________now.3.史密斯一家人正在吃飯。TheSmiths____________________________atthedinninghall.語法串講1.用could,should提建議could和should都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接__________________could和should用于陳述句中的辨析在陳述句中，could用來____________________________________，向?qū)Ψ教峁┮粋€(gè)選擇的內(nèi)容，“可以，不妨”，should表示____________________________________，指按照常理該怎么樣，“應(yīng)該”Wecouldwritealettertotheheadmaster.我們不妨給校長(zhǎng)寫封信。Weshouldwritealettertotheheadmaster.沃恩應(yīng)該給校長(zhǎng)寫封信。could和should用語疑問句中的用法1）在疑問句中，could用于以委婉語氣向別人提出要求、建議或勸告，此時(shí)could不表示過去，肯定回答用can或sure,否定回答用can’t或sorry.——CouldIhaveacupoftea?——Yes,youcan./Sure.在疑問句中，should只用于主語為第一人稱的時(shí)候，表示征詢意見或建議，語氣比could委婉?！猄houldIopenthewindow?——OK.【練習(xí)】用should或could填空——_______Itakethebooksoutoftheroom?——No,youcan’t.You________speakEnglishinEnglishclass._______youpleasehelpmewithmyChinese?Ifyougooutatnight,you_______tellyourparents.I’mnotsureifyou_______tellherthenews.2.Whydon’tyoudo…?【解析】Whydon’tyoudo…?是常見的提建議的句型，該句型還可以用來發(fā)出禮貌的邀請(qǐng)。同樣表示征求對(duì)方意見的句型：______________________…?/______________________…?②______________________…?______________________.④______________________【做一做】1.Whynot________(wear)ahat?Goodidea.2.Howabout___________(visit)ourteacher?Thatsoundsgood.3.Let’s__________(take)thedogforawalk.Sorry,Ican’t.4.Wouldyoumindmy__________(open)thedoor?Ofcoursenot.5.Wouldyoulike____________(come)tomyparty?I’dloveto,but…1.Tomorrowwillbesunny.Howabouthavingapicnicinthepark?_________________ButIhavetopreparefortomorrow’sexam.A.I’dlove. B.I’dloveto.C.That’sright.2.Anew3Dmovieison.Shallwegoandseeitthisweekend?--____!What’sit?A.Imustbegoingnow B.Youareright C.Whynot D.Mypleasure3.Look!It’srainingheavily.____takearaincoatwithyou?Well,I’lltakeonerightnow.A.WhynotB.Whydon’tC.WouldyoumindD.Wouldyoulike4.A:Wouldyouliketodancewithme? B:.Ihavetoomuchhomework.A.Sorry,Ican’t. B.Ofcoursenot. C.That’sOK. D.I’dliketo.過關(guān)檢測(cè)(TEST）Time：Score：Name：Marks：_________1.Hisfatherdoesn’tallowhimswimmingalone.A.goes B.togo C.going D.go2.givehimawatch?A.Whatabout B.Let’s C.Whydon’t D.Whydon’tyou3.Youcouldsavesomemoneyyoucanbuyagiftforyourmother.A.inorderto B.because C.so D.sothat4.heisverypoor,hefeelsveryhappy.A.Although；but B.Although；/C.Because；so D.Because；/5.Ithinktheresultmusthimverymuch.A.surprise B.surprised C.surprising D.surprises6.Thismathquestionistoodifficult.Canyouhelpme?A.workonit B.workoutit C.workitout D.workforit7.Hehastwosons.TheyareJimandTom.JimisTom’sbrother.A.old B.older C.elder D.young8.Theoldmanlooksveryunhappy,becausehelives,andhefeelsvery.A.alone；alone B.lonely；lonelyC.alone；lonely D.lonely；alone9.Heshouldtheteacher.A.explain B.explainto C.explained D.explainedto10.—What’swrong?—Ican’tdomyhomeworknow.Imyhomeworkintheclassroomthismorning.A.leave B.forget C.forgot D.left11.I’mnotsure.Hisfatherintheoffice.A.maybe B.maybe C.may D.is12.Heisveryangrywithhismother,becausehismotheralwayshimwiththebeststudent.A.compares B.complains C.tells D.makes13.Isthereinthisstory?A.wonderfulsomethingB.somethingwonderfulC.wonderfulanythingD.anythingwonderful14.Itistooloud.Pleasetheradio.A.turnon B.turnoff C.turndown D.turnup15.Couldyouplease_______thatmeetingfrommyschedule?A.cutdownB.cutoutC.cutoffD.cutup16.InourEnglishstudy,readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.Idon’tagree.Speakingis____reading.A.asimportantasB.themostimportantC.thesame17.Maybeyoushould__________.A.callinherB.callupherC.callherup18.Charles’cousinisthesameage________him.Theygetonwell______eachother.A.as,withB.as,onC.as,in19._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.For20.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.unless21.I___________homeuntilfinishmyhomework.A.won’tgoB.willgoC.goD.went22.They’re____________.A.enoughbusyB.busyenoughC.enoughbusiesD.busytoenough23.Wefoundhissister_____hereatthatmoment.A.playB.playedC.playing24.Yesterday,theytalkedaboutsomethingimportant______thephone.A.inB.ofC.on25.Shelooked________whensheheardthe_______news.A.surprised;surprisingB.surprising;surprisedC.surprising;surprising課后作業(yè)大挑戰(zhàn) 14-year-oldboyfromtheUSAwasdescribedasahero(英雄)yesterdayafterhesavedthelifeofawomaninanothercountry．DeanBlueyfromDallas，Texas，wasaschoolboywhohasmuch

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incomputer．Oneday，he

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anemailtoafriendontheInternet．Suddenlyhereceivedamessagesaying“Help!Pain!Help!”．ThemessagewasfromFinland，

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kilometersawayfromAmerica．“Ididn'tknow

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Ishoulddo，”Deansaidtoareporterafterwards．“Itwasreallydifficulttotellifthemessagewasreal．”SoDeandidnothingatfirst．5

themessagekeptcoming．“Bythenitwaseasytoseethatsomeonewasintrouble,”Deansaid.He

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andfoundthatthesenderwasastudentcalledTarja,whowasaloneinauniversitylibrary.Shewasill.Whatwas

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,therewasnophonearoundher.Heronlywayofcommunicatingwiththeworldwasbye-mail.Dean

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thepoliceimmediately.Andtheyrealizedthatthesituationwasquiteserious.TheycalledthepoliceinFinland.Thenanambulancehurriedtothelibrary.

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,shewasstillaliveandwassenttothehospitalquickly.

“I'mgladshe'sOK,”Deansaid.“It'shardtobelieve,but

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savedherlife.”A．interest

B．interested

C．interesting

D．Interests2．A．sent

B．sends

C．wassending

D．issending3．A．hundred B．thousand

C．thousands

D．thousandsof4．A．how

B．what

C．where

D．when5．A．So

B．And

C．But

D．As6．A．telephoned

B．replied

C．found

D．talked7．A．better

B．worse

C．harder

D．easier8．A．contacted

B．invited

C．interviewed D.offered9．A．Hardly

B．Happily

C．Luckily

D．Carefully10．A．a(chǎn)boy

B．doctors

C．thepolice

D．email完成對(duì)話：Boy1:Hey,Peter,_____________________________?Boy2:Ihadanargument__2___mybestfriend._____________________________?Boy1:Well,youshould___4__himaletter.Boy2:Idon'tthinkso.Idon'tlikewritingletters.Boy1:_____________________________.Boy2:No,Idon'twant__6___talkaboutit_7____thephone.Boy1:Well,youshouldsayyou'resorry.Boy2:Yes,IknowIshould,butit'snoteasy.Boy1:Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.Boy2:IguessIcould,butIdon'twantto_8____him.Boy1:Hey,Iknow.Youcouldgivehimatickettoaballgame.Boy2:Well,_____________________________,butIdon'thave__10___money.閱讀理解ADearDr.Smith,Mymomalwayskeepsaskingme,“What’sgoingon?”IfIwanttogo