水利專業(yè)名詞(中英文對照)

水利專業(yè)名詞（中英）A安全儲備safetyreserve安全系數(shù)safetyfactor安全性safety岸邊溢洪道river-bankspillway岸邊繞滲by-passseepagearoundbankslope岸墻abutmentwall岸塔式進水口bank-towerintakeB壩的上游面坡度upstreamslpoeofdam壩的下游面downstreamfaceofdam壩頂damcrest壩頂長度crestlength壩頂超高freeboardofdamcrest壩高damheight壩頂高程crestelevation壩頂寬度crestwidth壩段monolith壩基處理foundationtreatment壩基排水drainindamfoundation壩基滲漏leakageofdamfoundation壩肩damabutment壩殼damshell壩坡damslope壩坡排水drainonslope壩體混凝土分區(qū)gradezoneofconcreteindam壩體排水系統(tǒng)drainagesystemindam壩型選擇selectionofdamtype壩址選擇selectionofdamsite壩趾damtoe壩踵damheel壩軸線damaxis本構模型constitutivemodel鼻坎bucket比尺scale比降gradient閉門力closingforce邊墩sidepier邊界層boundarylayer邊墻sidewall邊緣應力boundarystress變形觀測deformationobservation變中心角變半徑拱壩variableangleandradiusarchdam標準貫入試驗擊數(shù)numberofstandardpenetrationtest冰壓力icepressure薄壁堰sharp-crestedweir薄拱壩thin-archdam不均勻沉降裂縫differentialsettlementcrack不平整度irregularityC材料力學法methodofstrengthofmaterials材料性能分項系數(shù)partialfactorforpropertyofmaterial側槽溢洪道sidechannelspillway側輪sideroller側收縮系數(shù)coefficientofsidecontraction測縫計jointmeter插入式連接inserttypeconnection差動式鼻坎differentialbucket摻氣aeration摻氣槽aerationslot摻氣減蝕cavitationcontrolbyaeration廠房頂溢流spilloverpowerhouse沉降settlement沉井基礎sunkshaftfoundation沉沙池sedimentbasin沉沙建筑物sedimentarystructure沉沙條渠sedimentarychannel沉陷縫settlementjoint沉陷觀測settlementobservation襯砌的邊值問題boundaryvalueproblemoflining襯砌計算liningcalculation襯砌自重dead-weightoflining承載能力bearingcapacity承載能力極限狀態(tài)limitstateofbearingcapacity持住力holdingforce齒墻cut-offwall沖擊波shockwave沖沙閘flushsluice沖刷坑scourhole重現(xiàn)期returnperiod抽排措施pumpdrainagemeasure抽水蓄能電站廠房pump-storagepowerhouse出口段outletsection初步設計階段preliminarydesignstage初參數(shù)解法preliminaryparametersolution初生空化數(shù)incipientcavitationnumber初應力法initialstressmethod船閘navigationlock垂直升船機verticalshiplift純拱法independentarchmethod次要建筑物secondarystructure刺墻key-wall粗粒土coarse-grainedsoil錯縫staggeredjointD大壩安全評價assessmentofdamsafety大壩安全監(jiān)控monitorofdamsafety大壩老化damaging大頭壩massive-headdam單層襯砌monolayerlining單級船閘liftlock單線船閘singlelinelock擋潮閘tidesluice擋水建筑物retainingstructure導流洞diversiontunnel導墻guidewall倒虹吸管invertedsiphon倒懸度overhang等半徑拱壩constantradiusarchdam等中心角變半徑拱壩constantangleandvariableradiusarchdam底流消能energydissipationbyhydraulicjump底緣bottomedge地基變形foundationdeformation地基變形模量deformationmodulusoffoundation地基處理foundationtreatment地下廠房undergroundpowerhouse地下廠房變壓器洞transformertunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下廠房出線洞bus-bartunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下廠房交通洞accesstunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下廠房通風洞ventilationtunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下廠房尾水洞tailwatertunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下輪廓線underoutlineofstructure地下水groundwater地形條件topographicalcondition地形圖比例尺scaleoftopographicalmap地應力groundstress地震earthquake地震烈度earthquakeintensity地質條件geologicalcondition墊層cushion墊座plinth吊耳lifteye調(diào)度dispatch跌坎drop-step跌流消能dropenergydissipation跌水drop迭代法iterationmethod疊梁stoplog丁壩spurdike定向爆破堆石壩directedblastingrockfilldam動強度dynamicstrength動水壓力hydrodynamicpressure洞內(nèi)孔板消能energydissipationbyorificeplateintunnel洞內(nèi)漩流消能energydissipationwithswirlingflowintunnel洞身段tunnelbodysection洞室群caverngroup洞軸線tunnelaxis陡坡steepslope渡槽短管型進水口intakewithpressureshortpipe斷層fault堆石壩rockfilldam對數(shù)螺旋線拱壩logspiralarchdam多級船閘multi-stagelock多線船閘multi-linelock多心圓拱壩multi-centeredarchdam多用途隧洞multi-usetunnelE二道壩secondarydamF發(fā)電洞powertunnel筏道logway反弧段bucket反濾層filter防沖槽erosioncontroltrench防洪floodpreventi，floodcontrol防洪限制水位restrictedstageforfloodprevention防浪墻parapet防滲墻anti-seepagewall防滲體anti-seepagebody放空底孔unwateringbottomoutlet非常溢洪道emergencyspillway非線性有限元non-linearfiniteelementmethod非溢流重力壩nonoverflowgravitydam分岔fork分洪閘flooddiversionsluice分項系數(shù)partialfactor分項系數(shù)極限狀態(tài)設計法limitstatedesignmethodofpartialfactor封拱archclosure封拱溫度closuretemperature浮筒式升船機shipliftwithfloats浮箱閘門floatingcamelgate浮運水閘floatingsluice輔助消能工appurtenantenergydissipationG剛體極限平衡法rigidlimitequilibriummethod剛性支護rigidsupport鋼筋混凝土襯砌reinforcedconcretelining鋼筋計reinforcementmeter鋼閘門steelgate高邊坡highsideslope高流速泄水隧洞dischargetunnelwithhighvelocity工程管理projectmanagement工程規(guī)劃projectplan工程量quantityofwork工程設計engineeringdesign工程施工engineeringconstruction工作橋servicebridge工作閘門maingate拱壩壩肩巖體穩(wěn)定stabilityofrockmassnearabutmentofarchdam拱壩布置layoutofarchdam拱壩上滑穩(wěn)定分析up-slidingstabilityanalysisofarchdam拱壩體形shapeofarchdam拱端archabutment拱冠archcrown拱冠梁法crowncantilevermethod拱冠梁剖面profileofcrowncantilever拱內(nèi)圈intrados拱外圈extrados固結consolidation固結灌漿consolidationgrouting管涌piping灌溉irrigation規(guī)范code，specification過壩建筑物structuresforpassingdam過濾層transitionlayer過渡區(qū)transitionzone過木機logconveyer過木建筑物logpassstructures過魚建筑物fish-passstructuresH海漫flexible涵洞culvert河道沖刷riverbedscour荷載load荷載組合loadcombination橫縫transversejoint橫拉閘門horizontalrolling/slidinggate洪水標準floodstandard虹吸溢洪道siphonspillway厚高比thicknesstohightratio弧形閘門radialgate護岸工程bank-protectionworks護坡slopeprotection護坦apron戽琉消能bucke-typeenergydissipation滑坡landslip滑楔法slidingwedgemethod滑雪道式溢洪道skijumpspillway環(huán)境評價environmentassessment換土墊層cushionofreplacedsoil回填灌漿backfillgrouting混凝土concrete混凝土襯砌concretelining混凝土防滲墻concretecutoffwall混凝土面板concretefaceslab混凝土面板堆石壩concrete-facedrockfilldam混凝土重力壩concretegravitydamJ基本荷載組合basicloadcombination基本剖面basicprofile基面排水baseleveldrainage激光準直發(fā)methodoflaseralignment極限平衡法limitequilibriummethod極限狀態(tài)limitstate堅固系數(shù)soundnesscoefficient剪切模量shearmodulus剪切應力shearstress檢查inspection檢修閘門bulkhead簡單條分法simpleslicesmethod建筑材料constructionmaterial簡化畢肖普法simplifiedBishop’smethod漸變段transition鍵槽key/key-way漿砌石重力壩cement-stonemasonrygravitydam交叉建筑物crossingstructure交通橋accessbridge校核洪水位waterlevelofcheckfloo校核流量checkflooddischarge接觸沖刷contactwashing接觸流土soilflowoncontactsurface節(jié)制閘controllingsluice結構可靠度reliabilityofstructure結構力學法structuralmechanicsmethod結構系數(shù)structuralcoefficient截流環(huán)cutoffcollar截水槽cutofftrench進口段inlet進口曲線inletcurve進水喇叭口inletbellmouth進水閘inletsluice浸潤面saturatedarea浸潤線saturatedline經(jīng)濟評價economicassessment井式溢洪道shaftspillway靜水壓力hydrostaticpressure均質土壩homogeneousearthdamK開敞式溢洪道openchannelspillway開裂機理crackmechanism勘測explorationsurvey坎上水深waterdepthonsill抗沖刷性scourresistance抗凍性frostresistance抗滑穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)safetycoefficientofstabilityagainstsliding抗剪斷公式shear-breakstrengthformula抗剪強度shearstrength抗裂性crackresistance抗磨abrasion-resistance抗侵蝕性erosion-resistance抗震分析analysisofearthquakeresistance顆粒級配曲線grainsizedistributioncurve可靠度指標reliabilityindex可行性研究設計階段designstageoffeasibilitystudy空腹重力壩hollowgravitydam空腹拱壩hollowarchdam空化cavitation空化數(shù)cavitationnumber空蝕cavitationdamage空隙水壓力porewaterpressure控制堰controlweir枯水期lowwaterperiod庫區(qū)reservoirarea寬頂堰broadcrestedweir寬縫重力壩slottedgravitydam寬高比widthtoheightratio擴散段expandingsection擴散角divergentangleL攔沙坎sedimentcontrolsill攔污柵trashrack廊道gallery浪壓力wavepressure棱體排水prismdrainage理論分析theoryanalysis力法方程canonicalequationofforcemethod連續(xù)式鼻坎plainbucket聯(lián)合消能combinedenergydissipation梁式渡槽beam-typeflume量水建筑物water-measurestructure裂縫crack臨界水力坡降criticalhydraulicgradient臨時縫temporaryjoint臨時性水工建筑物temporaryhydraulicstructure流量discharge流速flowvelocity流態(tài)flowpattern流土soilflow流網(wǎng)flownet流向flowdirection露頂式閘門emersedgateM馬蹄形斷面horseshoesection脈動壓力fluctuatingpressure錨桿支護anchorsupport門葉gateflap迷宮堰labyrinthweir面流消能energydissipationofsurfaceregime模型試驗modeltest摩擦公式frictionfactorformula摩擦系數(shù)coefficientoffriction目標函數(shù)objectivefunctionN內(nèi)部應力internalstress內(nèi)摩擦角internalfrictionangle內(nèi)水壓力internalwaterpressure撓度觀測deflectionobservation泥沙壓力siltpressure粘性土cohesivesoil碾壓混凝土重力壩rollercompactedconcretegravitydam凝聚力cohesion扭曲式鼻坎distortedtypebucketP排沙底孔flushbottomoutlet排沙漏斗flushfunnel排沙隧洞flushtunnel排水drainage排水孔drainhole排水設施drainagefacilities拋物線拱壩parabolicarchdam噴混凝土支護shotcretesupport噴錨支護sprayconcreteanddeadmanstrut漂木道logchute平板壩flatslabbuttressdam平衡重式升船機verticalshipliftwithcounterweight平面閘門plaingate平壓管equalizingpipe坡率sloperatio破碎帶crushzone鋪蓋blanketQ啟閉機hoist啟門力liftingforce砌石拱壩stonemasonryarchdam潛壩submergeddam潛孔式閘門submergedgate傾斜儀clinometer曲線形沉沙池curvedsedimentarybasin渠首canalhead渠道canal渠系建筑物canalsystemstructure取水建筑物waterintakestructureR人工材料心墻壩earth-rockdamwithmanufacturedcentralcore人字閘門mitregate任意料區(qū)miscellaneousaggregatezone溶洞solutioncavern柔度系數(shù)flexibilitycoefficient褥墊式排水horizontalblanketdrainage軟弱夾層weakintercalationS三角網(wǎng)法triangulationmethod三角形單元triangularelement三心圓拱壩threecenterarchdam三軸試驗triaxialtest扇形閘門sectorgate上游upstream設計洪水位designfloodlevel設計基準期designreferenceperiod設計階段designstage設計階段劃分dividingofdesignstage設計流量designdischarge設計狀況系數(shù)designstatecoefficient設計準則designcriteria伸縮縫contractionjoint滲流比降seepagegradient滲流變形seepagedeformation滲流分析seepageanalysis滲流量seepagedischarge滲流體積力massforceofseepage滲流系數(shù)permeabilitycoefficient生態(tài)環(huán)境ecologicalenvironment生態(tài)平衡ecologicalbalance失效概率probabilityoffailure施工導流constructiondiversion施工縫constructionjoint施工管理constructionmanagement施工條件constructioncondition施工圖階段constructiondrawingstage施工進度constructionprogress實體重力壩solidgravitydam實用剖面practicalprofile實用堰practicalweir事故閘門emergencygate視準線法collimationmethod收縮段constringentsection樞紐布置layoutofhydrauliccomplex輸水建筑物waterconveyancestructure豎式排水verticaldrainage數(shù)值分析numericalanalysis雙層襯砌double-layerlining雙曲拱壩doublecurvaturearchdam水電站地下廠房undergroundpowerhouse水電站建筑物hydroelectricstationstructure水墊塘cushionbasin水工建筑物hydraulicstructure水工隧洞hydraulictunnel水環(huán)境waterenvironment水庫吹程fetch水庫浸沒reservoirsubmersion水庫滲漏reservoirleakage水庫坍岸reservoirbankcaving水庫淹沒reservoirinundation水力資源waterpowerresource水力劈裂hydraulicfracture水利工程hydraulicengineering，waterproject水利工程設計designofhydroproject水利工程樞紐分等rankofhydrauliccomplex水利樞紐hydrauliccomplex水面線waterlevelline水能hydraulicenergy水平位移horizontaldisplacement水體污染waterpollution水土流失waterandsoilloss水位急降instantaneousreservoirdrawdown水壓力hydraulicpressu水閘sluice水質waterquality水資源waterresources順壩longitudinaldike四邊形單元quadrangularelement塑性破壞failurebyplasticflow塑性變形plasticdeformation塑性區(qū)plasticrange鎖壩closuredike鎖定器dogdeviceTT型墩T-typepier塌落拱法roofcollapsearchmethod塔式進水口towerintake臺階式溢流壩面step-typeoverflowface彈塑性理論elastoplastictheory彈性基礎梁beamonelasticfoundation彈性抗力elasticresistance彈性中心elasticcentre彈性理論theoryofelasticity特殊荷載組合specialloadcombination體形優(yōu)化設計shapeoptimizingdesign挑距jettrajectorydistance挑流消能ski-jumpenergydissipation挑射角exitangleofjet調(diào)壓室surgetank貼坡排水surfacedrainageondamslope通航建筑物navigationstructure通氣孔airhole土工復合材料geosynthetic土工膜geomembrane土工織物geotexile土石壩earth-rockdam土壓力earthpressure土質材料斜墻壩earth-rockdamwithinclinedsoilcore土質心墻壩earth-rockdamwithcentralsoilcore駝峰堰humpweir橢圓曲線ellipticalcurveWWES型剖面堰WEScurveprofileweir外水壓力externalwaterpressure彎矩平衡momentequilibrium圍巖surroundingrock圍巖強度strengthofsurroundingrock圍巖穩(wěn)定分析圍巖壓力surroundingrockpressu帷幕灌漿curtaingrouting維修maintenance尾水渠tailwatercanal溫度縫temperaturejoint溫度計thermometer溫度應變temperaturestrain溫度應力temperaturestress溫降temperaturedrop溫升temperaturerise污水處理sewagetreatment無壩取水undamedintake無粘性土cohesionlesssoil無壓泄水孔free-flowoutletX下游downstream現(xiàn)場檢查fieldinspection橡膠壩rubberdam消力池stillingbasin消能防沖設計designofenergydissipationanderosioncontrol消能工energydissipator校核洪水