陜西省咸陽2022-2023高三英語下學期高考模擬檢測(一)試題

陜西省咸陽2022-2023高三下學期高考模擬檢測=1\*GB4㈠英語試題注意事項：1.本試卷共10頁,全卷滿分150分,答題時間為120分鐘；2.答卷前,考生須準確填寫自己的姓名、準考證號,并認真核準條形碼上的姓名、準考證號；3.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4.考試結(jié)束后,監(jiān)考員將答題卡按順序收回,裝袋整理；試題不回收。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題,每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howdidthemanlearnhisbasketballskills?A.Fromhisschoolteam. B.Fromhisbrother. C.Fromhisworkteam.2.Whatwilltheboydofirst?A.Watchamovie. B.Havedinner. C.Finishhishomework.3.WheredidSallybuyhershirt?A.Atthedepartmentstore. B.Atanexpensivestore. C.OntheInternet.4.Howdoestheboyfeelabouthisexam?A.Proud. B.Pleased. C.Disappointed.5.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Sheisachef. B.Sheisawaitress. C.Sheisamanager.第二節(jié)（共15小題,每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.Tohisoffice. B.Toabusstation. C.Tothecentrallibrary.7.Howdoesthewomansoundtotheman?A.Thankful. B.Sympathetic. C.Confused.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whyisthemanupset?A.Hehastofixhiscar.B.Hedoesn'tlikethesnow.C.Hehasbeentoobusywithwork.9.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At4:00. B.At12:00. C.At12:30.10.Wherewillthemangonext?A.Theoffice. B.Thetrainstation. C.Thewoman'shouse.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthematterwiththeman'ssonatschool?A.Hedoesn'tdowellintests.B.Heislonelywithfewfriends.C.Heiseasilydistractedinclass.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheman'ssondo?A.Makemorenewfriends.B.Havemorechallenginghomework.C.Practicemorebeforetests.13.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Wifeandhusband. B.Teacherandparent. C.Friends.聽第9段材料,回答第14至16題。14.Wherearethewoman'sparentsstayingbeforetheyretire?A.InNewYork. B.InCalifornia. C.InFlorida.15.Whatwillthemandoafterhighschoolgraduation?A.Travelaroundtheworld.B.AttenduniversityinBoston.C.Takeapart-timejob.16.Whendidtheman'takeacampustour?A.Lastweek. B.Yesterday. C.Lastmonth.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhoisAnna? A.Anoperator. B.Anassistant. C.Arider.18.Whatisthespeakerexplaining?A.Whatarideoperatorshoulddo.B.Howtheyshouldtakeapictureontheride.C.Whatrulestheyarefortheride.19.Whathappenedearliertodaytoarider?A.Hissafetybeltbroke.B.Helosthisphoneontheride.C.Hewasremovedfromtheparkforspitting.20.Whatwilltheaudiencedonext?A.Boardthecar.B.AskAnnasomequestions.C.Getsomefoodanddrinks.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題,每小題2分,滿分30分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATicketInformationDuetoextremelyhighdemand,ticketsforthethreetraditionalend-of-yearconcertsoftheViennaPhilharmonicaredrawnexclusivelyontheViennaPhilharmonicwebsite.Inthisway,peopleworldwidehaveanequalchancetopurchasethesehighlydesiredtickets.ApplicationPeriod:February1-28,2023Duringthisperiod,interestedpersonscanapplyonthiswebsiteforticketstothePreviewPerformance,theNewYear'sEveConcert,andtheNewYear'sConcert.Thefirststeptowardmakinganapplicationforticketsistoregisterforthedrawing.TheregistrationisseparatefromyouruseraccountfortheWebshopandisspecificallyforthedrawing.Userscanentertheirticketpreferencesfortheupcomingconcertsduringtheapplicationperiod.PriceCategoriesThenumberofticketsfortheNewYear'sConcertislimitedtotwo,andthenumberofticketsforthePreviewPerformanceandNewYear'sEveConcertcanbeuptofour.Theticketpricesrangebetween35€and1200€fortheNewYear'sConcert,25€and860€fortheNewYear'sEveConcert,andbetween20€and495€forthePreviewPerformance.Ifyouwishtochangeyourapplication,youmayonlydosoduringtheapplicationperiod.InMarch,youwillknowtheresultsofthedrawing.WhenShouldIApply?Withintheone-monthapplicationperiod,theactualtimeofapplicationisirrelevant.AnapplicationmadeonFebruary1hasthesamechancesasanapplicationmadeonFebruary28.Theonlywaytoobtainticketsfortheseconcertsisbytakingpartintheonlinedrawing!Requestssubmittedthroughthepostalsystem,bye-mailorbyanyothermeanswillnotbeconsidered!21.Whocouldbemostinterestedinthisinformation?A.Awebsitedesigner. B.Apaintinglover.C.Amusicfan. D.Atouristguide.22.Whatdoyouhavetodotogettickets?A.Applyonemonthinadvance.B.Participateinthedrawing.C.Sende-mailstothewebshop.D.Usethesamenameastheuseraccount.23.HowmuchmustyoupayatleastfortwoticketsforthePreviewPerformance?A.70€. B.25€. C.50€. D.40€.BBorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanage（孤兒院）forthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadnoideawhatherfuturewouldhold.ThelittlegirlbornwithFibularHemimeliawouldnotonlygoontobea13-timegoldmedal-winningParalympicchampion,butshewouldinspireotherstochasetheirdreams.LongwasborninRussia,whereshelivedinanorphanageuntilherparentsadoptedherin1993.Soonafterbeingadopted,shehadtohaveherlegsamputated（截肢）atonlyayearandahalf.“Itgavemealotoffreedomandmovement,”Longsaid.“Butgrowingupwasdefinitelyreallyhard.Fromaveryearlyage,IjustdecidedthatIwasgoingtobeunstoppableandIwasn'tgoingtoletmylegsholdmeback."Fromthatpointforward,shedidn'tletanyonetellherwhatshewasorwasn'tcapableofdoing.Shestarteddoinggymnasticsasakid.Then,in2002,Longfoundhersportforlife:swimming!“Iwastheonlygirlwithnolegsontheswimteam,“shesaid.”ThereweremomentsIstruggled,butmyteammatestreatedmelikeafriend.WhenIlookbackonmylifeandIthinkaboutanyoneonthatteam,noonemadefunofmeforhavingnolegsandtheyweresokind.“Longdefied（頂?。゛lloddsandsurprisedeveryonewhenshequalifiedatageonly12fortheParalympicsin2004inAthens.AfterfourParalympics,Longhaswon13gold,sixsilver,andfourbronzemedals.ShehasdozensofWorldChampionshipmedalsandhasbrokennumerousworldrecordsthroughouthercareersofar.Butshedidn'tconcentrateonwinningawardsorbeingfamous.“Ireallyjustloveswimming.It'simportantforanyathletetorememberjustwhyyoustarted,”shesaid.Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long'sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongasherbodyallows.“Dreambig,"shesaid.“Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.Youdefineyourownsuccess.”24.HowoldwasLongwhenshefoundherlifesport?A.11 B.10. C.12. D.13.A.11.25.WhatmadeJessicadeterminetodevoteherselftoswimming?A.Herexperienceofwinning13goldmedals.B.Herparents'supportandteachers'help.C.Herteammates'understandingandkindness.D.Herfocusonwinningawardsandfame.26.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Apoororphanageandherclosefriends.B.Ahappygirlandherconfusingchildhood.C.Anamazingillnessanditsterribleinfluence.D.Aninspiringstoryaboutanunluckyperson.27.WhichofthefollowingmayLongmostagreewith?A.Ifyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.B.Ifyouwanttosucceed,learntoswim.C.Amanneverreachessuccessuntildisabled.D.Asportsman'sgoaliswinninggoldmedals.CNeuroscientists（神經(jīng)科學家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone'sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?Maybe.Butit'snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuro-scientificsenseifwediditreasonably.Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn'thavelivedinasocietythatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,notscientificones.It'sapitythatNeurosciencewon'thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itispointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right”ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit'sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.B.Scientists'brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians'.C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn'tmatureuntil18.D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.29.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.C.Indifferent.D.Intolerant.30.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.I'sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.B.ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA.C.It'sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.31.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?C.ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?DBothlab-grownandplant-basedalternativesareclosetothetasteandnutritionalvalueofrealmeatwithoutenvironmentaldamage.TheUNexpectstheworldtohave9.8billionpeopleby2050.Bythatdate,accordingtothepredictions,humanswillconsume70%moremeatthantheydidin2005.Anditturnsoutthatraisinganimalsforhumanconsumptionisamongtheworstthingswedototheenvironment.Dependingontheanimal,producingapoundofmeatprotein（蛋白質(zhì)）withWestemindustrializedmethodsneeds4to25timesmorewater,6to17timesmoreland,and6to20timesmorefossilfuelsthanproducingapoundofplantprotein.Theproblemisthatpeoplearen'tlikelytostopeatingmeatanytimesoon.Thismeanslab-grownandplant-basedalternativesmightbethebestwaytolimitthedamage.Makinglab-grownmeatinvolvesgettingmuscletissuefromanimalsandgrowingitinbioreactors（生物反應器）.Theendproductlooksmuchlikewhatyou’dgetfromananimal,althoughresearchersarestillworkingonthetaste.ResearchersatMaastrichtUniversity,whoareworkingtoproducelab-grownmeatatscale,believethey'llhavealab-grownburgeravailablebynextyear.Oneshortcomingoflab-grownmeatisthattheenvironmentalbenefitsarestillsmall-arecentWorldEconomicForumreportsaystheemissions（排放）fromlab-grownmeatwouldbeonlyaround7％lessthanemissionsfrombeefproduction.Abetterenvironmentalcasecanbemadeforplant-basedmeatsfromcompanieslikeBeyondMeatFoods,whichusepeaproteins,wheat,potatoes,andplantoilstomimictherealtasteofanimalmeat.AccordingtoananalysisbytheCenterforSustainableSystemsattheUniversityofMichigan,aBeyondMeatpiewouldprobablygenerate90%lessgreenhouse-gasemissionsthanatraditionalburgermadefromacow.32.Whywerelab-grownandplant-basedmeatintroduced?A.Toeatmoretastyanddeliciousmeat.B.Toreducedamagetotheenvironment.C.Tohaveasmuchproteinaspeoplecan.D.Toridtheworldofseverehungerproblems.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutlab-grownmeatfromParagraph3?A.Makinglab-grownmeatinvolveskillinganimalsfirst.B.Consuminglab-grownmeatcanberealizednextyear.C.Thecostoflab-grownbeefis7%cheaperthanrealbeef.D.Thedamageoflab-grownmeattotheenvironmentisstillbig.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mimic”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Copy.B.Ruin.C.Change.D.Sell.35.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Acourseplan.第二節(jié)（共5小題,每小題2分,滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Arhetoricalquestionisaquestionthatrequiresnoreply,eitherbecausetheanswerisobviousorbecausetheaskeralreadyknowstheanswer.Asoneofthemostcommonlyusedpersuasivetechniquesforspeeches,itissoeffectiveatattractingyouraudience.36.So,youneedtofindtherightbalance!1.Forceyouraudiencetothink.37.andyouraudiencewillstartthinkingabouttheanswersbythemselves.Thesequestionsdon'thavefixedorstandardanswers.Forexample,“Whatdoyouthinktheworldwilllooklikein50years?Whatweresomeideasthatpoppedintoyourhead?Istheworldexactlythesameasourstoday？Doesithavelevitating（懸浮）carsandmagicglasses？Orisitdyingfromclimatechange？”Yousee,whensomeoneasksyouarhetoricalquestion,youstarttoexploredifferentideasinyourmind.38.2.Emphasizeaspecificpoint.Youcanuserhetoricalquestionstoemphasizeyourpreviousstatement.39.Forexample:“67%ofallAustraliansareoverweight.Areyouoneofthem?”Here,therhetoricalquestionhammersthepreviousstatementinyourmind.Yourealizethat67%isactuallyareallyhighpercentage.3.Evokeemotions.Rhetoricalquestionscanalsoevoke（引起）emotionsbyputtingtheaudienceinasituationwheretheycanhavereal-timeexperiencewithwhatisbeingdiscussed.Let'schangethestatement“Futuregenerationswillneverseetigersorpolarbearsagain”intoarhetoricalquestion“Whatifyourchildandtheirchildcanneverseeatigerorpolarbearagain?”40.Thishelpsyouconvincethemtobelieveyourspeech.A.Askopen-endedquestionsB.WhenyouraudiencethinkyouareanicemanC.UsenewtechnologiestopreventyouraudiencefromtakinganapD.ManypeoplewillbecertainlyemotionalbyhearingsuchquestionsE.ThiswillmakeyouraudiencethinkhardaboutwhatyousaidjustnowF.YoumightevenfindyourselfexploringnewpossibilitiesyouneverthoughtbeforeG.However,overusingrhetoricaltechniquescanalsomakeyourspeechsoundtoorepetitive第三部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié),滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題,每小題1.5分,滿分30分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給四個選項（A、B、C和D）中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Almosteightyearsago,AINixondecidedtobegineachdayfromabench,enjoyingaspectacularsunriseattheSt.Petersburg,Florida,waterfront.“Icallit'liferising'becausewatchinga41makesmefeelcenteredbeforestartingmyday,”saysNixon.It'sNixon'sown42ofhismotivation.However,ayearlater,apassingwoman43hisoriginalthoughtonhisdaily44.“Shesaid,'EverymorningwhenIseeyousittinghere,Iknowthat45isgoingtobeOK,'"Nixon46.“ItwasatthatmomentthatIsuddenlyrealized:Everypersonwhostoppedbythebench47myattention.Ineededtomakeeye48andletpeopleknowwe49toeachother.”Insteadofjust_50atthesunrise,Nixonstartedsmilingatpeopleandlendinga（n）51tolistentothemwithoutaskingforanyreturn.Andprettysoon,hestarted52withsomeearlyriserswhobeganjoininghimonthebench.Later,somestrangerseven_53themselvesouttoturntoNixonforadviceaboutrelationships,careers,andpersonalproblems.“Iwashappyto54,”Nixon,59,says,“Iwantedpeopletoknowthattheyneedn'tfeel55orupsetwhenwalkingaway.Atthisperiodinlife,thisis56mypurpose.”So,everymorning,weatherpermitting,Nixon57at4:30a.m,putsonahat,sipsacupofcoffee,then58.thewaterfront,wherehe'llstayfortwohours.Hispresence,his59,tolisten,andhiskindnesstoward60_,haveledsometonicknamehimtheSunshineMayor.41. A.sea B.wave C.sunrise D.passer-by42. A.description B.organization C.invitation D.addition43. A.posted B.ignored C.regretted D.changed44. A.routine B.appointment C.business D.movement45. A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing46. A.rewards B.reports C.rebuilds D.recalls47. A.avoided B.deserved C.attempted D.paid48. A.direction B.information C.escape D.contact49. A.belonged B.separated C.mattered D.devoted50. A.staring B.glaring C.watching D.enjoying51. A.heart B.ear C.nose D.eye52. A.vacations B.conflicts C.arguments D.conversations53. A.worked B.left C.poured D.pointed54. A.listen B.leave C.stay D.sit55. A.friendly B.silly C.lonely D.likely56. A.regularly B.definitely C.secretly D.frequently57. A.rises B.sleeps C.works D.starts58. A.headsup B.headson C.headsfor D.headsback59. A.selfishness B.loneliness C.hardness D.openness60. A.colleagues B.strangers C.friends D.acquaintances第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Dailyactivitiesand61.（ceremony）toshowfilialpiety（孝心）havebeenanessentialpartoftraditionalChinesevirtues,andoneimportantoccasioninautumnistheChongyangFestival,orDoubleNinthFestival,which62.（observe）ontheninthdayoftheninthmonthontheChineselunarcalendar,isanimportantoccasiontoshowlovetowardparents.Familieswilltakeseniorstoclimbupthemountains63.（enjoy）thecool,refreshingairofthefall,appreciateavarietyofchrysanthemums（菊花）infullbloomandwishforlivinglong,amongotheractivit