語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)-賓語(yǔ)從句01

verycold.verycold.天氣非常冷。（1）Theweather is主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)（連系動(dòng)詞）+表語(yǔ)(2)Helaughed■他笑。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（vi.不及物動(dòng)詞）⑶IlikeChinesefood■我喜歡中國(guó)食物。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（vt.及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)（名詞）(4)Hesentmeapostcard.他寄給我一張明信片主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（vt.及物動(dòng)詞）+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)⑸Icanmakeyouhappy■我會(huì)使你幸福的。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（vt.及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)*英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要有兩大類：系動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞（1） 系動(dòng)詞是連接主語(yǔ)，表明主語(yǔ)身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，主要有 be動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞feel,smell,taste等兩大類，后接形容詞等表語(yǔ)。*be動(dòng)詞的形式有am,are,is，過去式was/were，過去分詞been,現(xiàn)在分詞being（2） 行為動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞*請(qǐng)把以下方框的單詞分別填入下面及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞：arrive,come,die,play,fall,happen,speak,rise,borrow,discover,enjoy,invent,use,put,love,know,raise,supply,buy,run,jump,及物動(dòng)詞： 不及物動(dòng)詞： ⑶賓語(yǔ)的形式Ilikemyteacher.（名詞作賓語(yǔ)）Ienjoyplayingbasketball*動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）Iknowhim.（代詞作賓語(yǔ)）（二）賓語(yǔ)從句（1） 賓語(yǔ)從句的定義:在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。（2） 賓語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：We know Yaoming.（簡(jiǎn)單句）主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)WeknowthatYaoming] is afamousbasketballplayer.（賓語(yǔ)從句）（主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)）（連詞從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)\主句/\從句?I sawthatCharlesplayed baskeltball yesterday.（賓語(yǔ)從句）（主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)）（連詞從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ) 從句賓卡1 狀語(yǔ)）\王句/\從句Z*句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語(yǔ)從句⑶從句的連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）*在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that（that?？墒÷裕?whether,if代詞：who,whose,what,which副詞：when,where,how,why等。?that的用法that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略LinTaoknows（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.（陳述句語(yǔ)序）Shesays（that）shewon'ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnex.SundayJimthought（that）thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid（that）hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.2?以下情況that不能省略：*Shetoldme（that）thefilmwasverygoodandthatshewantedtoseeitagain.她告訴我那部電影很好，而且她還想再看一次。*Shesaidthatthatwasasecret.她說那是一個(gè)秘密。3?下列情況只用that⑴besidesthat：此外；除了Sheknewnothingbesidesthathewasthere.除了知道他在那兒外，她什么也不知道。（2） butthat:要不是；如非，除…外Nothingwouldpleasehimbutthatwegoalong.除了我們往下進(jìn)行之外，什么都不會(huì)使他開心。（3） exceptthat:除去…之外；只可惜；除去，除掉Iknownothingexceptthathelefthomeearlythatmorning.我只知道那天早晨他很早就離開了家，其余的我就不清楚了。Sherememberednothing（abouthim）exceptthathishairwasblack.她（對(duì)他）什麼都不記得，只記得他的頭發(fā)是黑的。Hesaidnothingexceptthathewasallright.他只是說他很好，其他什么都沒說。（4） inthat：［書面語(yǔ)］既然，因?yàn)椋辉凇矫鍵preferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismorepractical.我更喜歡他的計(jì)劃，因?yàn)槲矣X得他的計(jì)劃比你的更實(shí)際。Mendifferfrombrutesinthattheycanthinkandspeak.人和動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于人能思維，人有語(yǔ)言。*這幾個(gè)介詞：besides,but,except,in在語(yǔ)言的進(jìn)化發(fā)展過程中，與that構(gòu)成了一個(gè)復(fù)合詞，起連詞作用，that不可省略。其中除了inthat“在于”外，besides/but/except都含有“除了”的意思。當(dāng)然并非except后的從句都用that引導(dǎo)，根據(jù)詞義也可用what,when,how,where,whether（不用which和if）等引導(dǎo)。whether/if“是否”1.if/whether“是否”，通?？梢曰Q，但是不能省略。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常有wonder想知道,ask問,mind介意,findout查明等?！猈ereyoulateforschoolthismorning?（一般疑問句）—Mymotheraskedmewheter/ifIwaslateforschoolthismorning.（陳述句語(yǔ)序）*請(qǐng)將下列句子的畫線改為一般疑問句：Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let'sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.2■下列情況只用whether不能用if:*Oursuccessdependsonwhetherweworkhard.我們的成功取決于我們是否努力。*We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishthehomework.我們正在考慮是否能完成這項(xiàng)家庭作業(yè)。*1don'tknowwhetheritwillraintomorrowornot.我不知道明天會(huì)不會(huì)下雨。*Shedidn'tsaywhetherornotshewouldcome.她沒說她是否會(huì)來。Whetherhewillcome,Ican'tsay.他是否會(huì)來，我說不準(zhǔn)。Whetheritrainsorsnows,Idon'tcare.是否會(huì)下雪，我都不在乎。*Idon'tknowwhethertoselltheoldcar.我不知道是否把舊車賣掉。注意：if放句首時(shí)，是"如果”的意思：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgo.如果明天下雨，我們就不去了。3連接代詞：which哪個(gè),what什么，whose誰的,who誰,whom誰,whatever無論什么,whoever無論誰,whomever無論誰,whichever無論哪個(gè)等。比較下列句子：—Wholivesinthisroom?誰住在這個(gè)房間？—Iwonder inthisroom.我想知道誰住這個(gè)房間?！猈hoareyou?你是誰?—Idon'tcare ?我不在乎你是誰?！猈hodoyouworkfor?你為誰工作？—Tellme .告訴我你為誰工作。—Whodoyouthinkissuitable?你認(rèn)為誰合適？—Youmayselectwho issuitable.你可以選你認(rèn)為合適的人。*WenowknowwhatwashappendinginBellTowerneighborhood現(xiàn)在我們知道鐘樓小區(qū)發(fā)生什么事情了。*Thomaswantstoknowwhatshethinksofthetransportation.托馬斯想知道她對(duì)交通有什么看法。*Doyouknowwholivesinthisroom?你知道誰住在這個(gè)房間里嗎？*Idon'tknowwhosebagitis.我不知道這個(gè)是誰的包。*Canyoutellmewhichsubjectyoulikebest?你能告訴我你最喜歡哪門學(xué)科嗎？Idon'tknowwhomhehasinmindforthejob.我不知道他想讓誰來做這項(xiàng)工作。*Youmustdowhateverisbestforyou.什么對(duì)你最有利你就得做什么。Youmayselectwhoeveryouthinkissuitable.你看誰合適就選誰。She'llbuywhicheverischeapest.什么最便宜她就買什么。Youcaninvitewhomeveryoulike你可以邀請(qǐng)你喜歡的任何人。4連接副詞：where,when,why,how1?把下列句子改為特殊疑問句：*Doyouknowwhenbasketballwasinvented?你知道籃球是何時(shí)發(fā)明的嗎？*CanyoutellmewhereIcanbuyadictionary?你能告訴我在哪里可以買到詞典嗎？*1don'tknowhowIcanimprovemyEnglish.我不知道怎樣才能提高我的英語(yǔ)。*Themanwonderedwhyhissnacksweresohot.這個(gè)人想知道他的小吃為什么這么熱！2■由how構(gòu)成的詞組也可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，howold,howmany,howmuch,howoften,howfar,howlong等。Canyoutellme heis?你能告訴我他多大嗎？Wedon'tmind wehavetogo.我們不介意去多遠(yuǎn)。Doyouknow colorsthereareinarainbow?你知道彩虹有多少種顏色嘛？Canyouimagine hepaidforthatcar?你能想象他那車付了多少錢？Youneedtoworkout youaregoingtousethephone.你應(yīng)該弄清楚多久用一次電話。Shewondered thishotweatherwilllast.她好奇這炎熱天氣將會(huì)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。§在主句為動(dòng)詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語(yǔ)從句。*常用來引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,surprised等Hewassurprisedthathisfatherhadsoldthefarm.他對(duì)父親已賣掉農(nóng)場(chǎng)一事感到驚訝。I'msurethismoviewillbegoodboxoffice.我相信這部電影一定賣座。Iamgladthatthebuyershaveacceptedmyopinion.我很高興買主已經(jīng)接受我的意見。I'msorrythatIcan'tjoinyouinthediscussion.很遺憾，我不能參加你們的討論了。I'mafraidthatit'snotgoingtoworkout.恐怕這事不會(huì)成的。（三）考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一：時(shí)態(tài)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2?如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）

Iknewwholivedhere.Hetoldmethatshewastalkingwithhermotheratthattimelastweek.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenitbefore.3?當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)連接前連接后連接前連接后一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)—般過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)二：語(yǔ)序時(shí)態(tài)保持不變—般過去時(shí)冠完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)—般過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)二：語(yǔ)序時(shí)態(tài)保持不變—般過去時(shí)冠完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)—般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)隘從句的語(yǔ)序必須用陳述語(yǔ)序WhenwiHisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon'tknowwhathewantstobuy.ary?連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分Idon'tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?They'renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.They'renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.考點(diǎn)三：賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移*主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,consider,expect,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.Idon'tthinkhewillcometomyparty.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì).Idon'tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的，是不是？考點(diǎn)四：wh連詞+動(dòng)詞不定式todo—Idon'tknowwhatIshalldonext.—Idon'tknowwhattodonext.—Shedidn'tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.—Shedidn'tdecidewhichonetochoose.—Pleasetellmewhomyou'llgivetheletterto.—Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.注意事項(xiàng)1一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，即不用that/ifIamsurprisedatwhathesaid.我很驚訝他所說的話。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。Thefirstprizeshouldgotowhoeverwritesbest.頭等獎(jiǎng)應(yīng)頒給最優(yōu)秀的作者。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperienee.—切取決于我們是否有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)從句前加it*這類動(dòng)詞主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.(that不能省略)Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.3其他*謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為ask，后面緊跟whether/if，分開用that;*謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為say，—般用thatShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.Heasksif/whetherIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanoverthere(that)howyoucangettothebusstation.*doubt,doubtful用于肯定句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句連接詞常用whether或if*doubt,doubtful用于否定句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞用that。Idoubtif/whetherheisathome.Wedon'tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.*當(dāng)besure引導(dǎo)主句是肯定句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用that;*當(dāng)besure引導(dǎo)的主句是否定句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用whether或if。Wearesurethathewillbesuccessfulsoon.Theoldmandidn'tseemtobesurewhether/ifhehadmetme.賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一?將下列簡(jiǎn)單句改成賓語(yǔ)從句He'sgonetoHunan.Iforgot.2.Shesaid,"Theyarewaitingforabus."Whosebagisit?Doyouknow.Whatwillyoudo?Heasked.Whoteachesyoumaths?Heaskedme.haveseenhim.Iremembered.答案forgotthathehadgonetoHunan.Shesaidthattheywerewaitingforabus.Doyouknowwhosebagitis?Heaskedwhatyouwoulddo.Heaskedmewhotaughtmemaths.IrememberedthatIhadseenhim.完成句子wantedtoknow （她在和誰交談）Hesaid （他以前見過我）3.1'msorryfor （我所做的事）Theteacherasked （誰能回答這個(gè)問題）Janesaidthat （她將乘飛機(jī)去那里）wantedtoknow （她是否有一些錢）Wehaven'tdecided （我們下一步該做什么）8.1'mnotsure （昨天天氣是否晴朗）Heaskedme （是如何處理這件事的）Doyouknow （是否要下雨）wantedtoknow （她是否來還是不來）二?答案whomshewastalkingwithhehadseenmebeforewhatIhavedonewhocouldanswerthequestionshewouldgotherebyplane6.if/whethershehadany/somemoney7.whatweshoulddonext8.if/whetheritwillbesunnytomorrow9.whatIdidwiththematter10.ifitisgoingtorainwhethershewouldcomeornot三?選擇填空：( )1」t'ssodark.Ican'tfindout it'saboy agirl.A.if,andB.that,andC.either,orD.whether,or( )2.Couldyoutellmeifhe toShanghai?A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.went D.go( )3.Hetoldme shewouldcatchtheearlybus.A.which B.whether C.whyD.that( )4.Mrs.Greenaskedme Iwouldgowithher.A.what B.which C.why D.That( )5.1don'tknow thecoat cheapenough.A.if,isB.where,wereC.that,wasD.if,were( )6.Hesaidthatthey Yunnan.

A.havebeentoB.hadgonetoC.havegonetoD.hasgonetoA.havebeentoB.hadgonetoC.havegonetoD.hasgoneto( )7.Jackisn'tsure studentsthereareinhisclass.A.howmanyB.whatC.whichD.Whether( )8.Mybrothersaidhe going hisfriendthenextday.A.was,tomeetB.wouldgo,hasC.willgo,wasgoingtoD.willgo,will( )9.Hetoldmethathe toLondonthenextday.A.wouldgoB.go C.wentD.hasgone( )10.HesaidthatApril the monthofayear.A.is,thirdB.is,fourthC.was,fourthD.was,third( )11.Doyouknow ?A.isitwhosepenB.whosepenisitC.whosepenitisD.itiswhosepen( )12.Canyoutellme languageshespeaks?A.whichB.whose C.that D.whether( )13.1don'tunderstand yousaid.A.when B.that C.whereD.what( )14.Idon'tthink I outtheproblem.A.if,canworkB.how,willworkC.that,canworkD.when,willwork( )15.Sheisafraid he coldatnight.A.that,willcatchB.that,catchesC.whether,willcatchD.is,catches( )16.Wearesure he tospeakEnglishwell.A.that,learnedB.that,haslearned C.if,learned D.if,haslearned( )17.Don'tyoubelieve tothemoonbyspaceship?A.thatmandidflyB.howdidthemanflyC.ifmanflyD.whethermanfly( )18.It'sfoggytoday.Ican'tfindout it'saman agirl.A.if,andB.that,andC.either,orD.whether,or( )19.Couldyoutellmeifit alotinsummerinyourhometown?A.rainedB.rainC.rainsD.israining( )20.Ican'tremember Isentthebookto.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whom( )21.Wedidn'tknow tovisitourschool.A.whendidhecomeB.whenwouldhecomeC.whenhewascomingD.whenhecame( )22.Iwanttoknow willgowithus.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.that( )23.Doyouknowwhattime .A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves( )24.Wewantedtoknow theanswerwasrightornot.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what( )25.Shehasmadeitclear shewillhavenothingtodowithhim.A.whatB.whichC.whetherD.that( )26.Forcenturies,peoplehavewondered thiscontinentisreallylike,sinceitiscoveredwithsolidthickiceanddeepsnowalltheyearround.A.whatB.howC.whichD.whether( )27.Hereallydoesn'tknow theoverheadbridgewillbefinished.A.howmuchB.howfarC.howsoon D.howoften( )28.Theboyaskedhowfarthemoon fromtheearth.A.wasB.wereC.isD.was( )29.Iforgot Franee.A.hehasgonetoB.hehadbeento C.hewentD.hehadgoneto( )30.Theywillbethankfulfor youhavedone.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who三?答案1B;2A;3D;4C;5A;6B;7A;8A;9A;10B;11C;12A;13D;14C;15A;16B;17A;18D;19C;20D;21C;22A;23D;24C;25D;26A;27C;28C;29D;30AUnit2【whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)】1.(2013.南京中考)一: weatheritis!Wecan'tgoboatingontheXuanwuLake.Unit3【疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)】（2013.北京中考）Idon'tremember thebookyesterday.A.whereIputB.wheredidIputC.wherewill