語法專項-賓語從句01

verycold.verycold.天氣非常冷。（1）Theweather is主語 +謂語（連系動詞）+表語(2)Helaughed■他笑。主語+謂語（vi.不及物動詞）⑶IlikeChinesefood■我喜歡中國食物。主語+謂語（vt.及物動詞）+賓語（名詞）(4)Hesentmeapostcard.他寄給我一張明信片主語+謂語（vt.及物動詞）+間接賓語+直接賓語⑸Icanmakeyouhappy■我會使你幸福的。主語+謂語（vt.及物動詞）+賓語 +賓語補足語*英語動詞主要有兩大類：系動詞和行為動詞（1） 系動詞是連接主語，表明主語身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的動詞，主要有 be動詞和感官動詞feel,smell,taste等兩大類，后接形容詞等表語。*be動詞的形式有am,are,is，過去式was/were，過去分詞been,現(xiàn)在分詞being（2） 行為動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞*請把以下方框的單詞分別填入下面及物動詞和不及物動詞：arrive,come,die,play,fall,happen,speak,rise,borrow,discover,enjoy,invent,use,put,love,know,raise,supply,buy,run,jump,及物動詞： 不及物動詞： ⑶賓語的形式Ilikemyteacher.（名詞作賓語）Ienjoyplayingbasketball*動名詞作賓語）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作賓語）Iknowhim.（代詞作賓語）（二）賓語從句（1） 賓語從句的定義:在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。（2） 賓語從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：We know Yaoming.（簡單句）主語 +謂語 +賓語WeknowthatYaoming] is afamousbasketballplayer.（賓語從句）（主語謂語）（連詞從句主語從句謂語\主句/\從句?I sawthatCharlesplayed baskeltball yesterday.（賓語從句）（主語謂語）（連詞從句主語從句謂語 從句賓卡1 狀語）\王句/\從句Z*句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句⑶從句的連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）*在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that（that?？墒÷裕?whether,if代詞：who,whose,what,which副詞：when,where,how,why等。?that的用法that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略LinTaoknows（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.（陳述句語序）Shesays（that）shewon'ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnex.SundayJimthought（that）thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid（that）hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.2?以下情況that不能省略：*Shetoldme（that）thefilmwasverygoodandthatshewantedtoseeitagain.她告訴我那部電影很好，而且她還想再看一次。*Shesaidthatthatwasasecret.她說那是一個秘密。3?下列情況只用that⑴besidesthat：此外；除了Sheknewnothingbesidesthathewasthere.除了知道他在那兒外，她什么也不知道。（2） butthat:要不是；如非，除…外Nothingwouldpleasehimbutthatwegoalong.除了我們往下進行之外，什么都不會使他開心。（3） exceptthat:除去…之外；只可惜；除去，除掉Iknownothingexceptthathelefthomeearlythatmorning.我只知道那天早晨他很早就離開了家，其余的我就不清楚了。Sherememberednothing（abouthim）exceptthathishairwasblack.她（對他）什麼都不記得，只記得他的頭發(fā)是黑的。Hesaidnothingexceptthathewasallright.他只是說他很好，其他什么都沒說。（4） inthat：［書面語］既然，因為；在……方面IpreferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismorepractical.我更喜歡他的計劃，因為我覺得他的計劃比你的更實際。Mendifferfrombrutesinthattheycanthinkandspeak.人和動物的區(qū)別在于人能思維，人有語言。*這幾個介詞：besides,but,except,in在語言的進化發(fā)展過程中，與that構(gòu)成了一個復(fù)合詞，起連詞作用，that不可省略。其中除了inthat“在于”外，besides/but/except都含有“除了”的意思。當然并非except后的從句都用that引導(dǎo)，根據(jù)詞義也可用what,when,how,where,whether（不用which和if）等引導(dǎo)。whether/if“是否”1.if/whether“是否”，通常可以互換，但是不能省略。主句的謂語動詞通常有wonder想知道,ask問,mind介意,findout查明等?！猈ereyoulateforschoolthismorning?（一般疑問句）—Mymotheraskedmewheter/ifIwaslateforschoolthismorning.（陳述句語序）*請將下列句子的畫線改為一般疑問句：Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let'sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.2■下列情況只用whether不能用if:*Oursuccessdependsonwhetherweworkhard.我們的成功取決于我們是否努力。*We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishthehomework.我們正在考慮是否能完成這項家庭作業(yè)。*1don'tknowwhetheritwillraintomorrowornot.我不知道明天會不會下雨。*Shedidn'tsaywhetherornotshewouldcome.她沒說她是否會來。Whetherhewillcome,Ican'tsay.他是否會來，我說不準。Whetheritrainsorsnows,Idon'tcare.是否會下雪，我都不在乎。*Idon'tknowwhethertoselltheoldcar.我不知道是否把舊車賣掉。注意：if放句首時，是"如果”的意思：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgo.如果明天下雨，我們就不去了。3連接代詞：which哪個,what什么，whose誰的,who誰,whom誰,whatever無論什么,whoever無論誰,whomever無論誰,whichever無論哪個等。比較下列句子：—Wholivesinthisroom?誰住在這個房間？—Iwonder inthisroom.我想知道誰住這個房間?！猈hoareyou?你是誰?—Idon'tcare ?我不在乎你是誰?！猈hodoyouworkfor?你為誰工作？—Tellme .告訴我你為誰工作?！猈hodoyouthinkissuitable?你認為誰合適？—Youmayselectwho issuitable.你可以選你認為合適的人。*WenowknowwhatwashappendinginBellTowerneighborhood現(xiàn)在我們知道鐘樓小區(qū)發(fā)生什么事情了。*Thomaswantstoknowwhatshethinksofthetransportation.托馬斯想知道她對交通有什么看法。*Doyouknowwholivesinthisroom?你知道誰住在這個房間里嗎？*Idon'tknowwhosebagitis.我不知道這個是誰的包。*Canyoutellmewhichsubjectyoulikebest?你能告訴我你最喜歡哪門學(xué)科嗎？Idon'tknowwhomhehasinmindforthejob.我不知道他想讓誰來做這項工作。*Youmustdowhateverisbestforyou.什么對你最有利你就得做什么。Youmayselectwhoeveryouthinkissuitable.你看誰合適就選誰。She'llbuywhicheverischeapest.什么最便宜她就買什么。Youcaninvitewhomeveryoulike你可以邀請你喜歡的任何人。4連接副詞：where,when,why,how1?把下列句子改為特殊疑問句：*Doyouknowwhenbasketballwasinvented?你知道籃球是何時發(fā)明的嗎？*CanyoutellmewhereIcanbuyadictionary?你能告訴我在哪里可以買到詞典嗎？*1don'tknowhowIcanimprovemyEnglish.我不知道怎樣才能提高我的英語。*Themanwonderedwhyhissnacksweresohot.這個人想知道他的小吃為什么這么熱！2■由how構(gòu)成的詞組也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，howold,howmany,howmuch,howoften,howfar,howlong等。Canyoutellme heis?你能告訴我他多大嗎？Wedon'tmind wehavetogo.我們不介意去多遠。Doyouknow colorsthereareinarainbow?你知道彩虹有多少種顏色嘛？Canyouimagine hepaidforthatcar?你能想象他那車付了多少錢？Youneedtoworkout youaregoingtousethephone.你應(yīng)該弄清楚多久用一次電話。Shewondered thishotweatherwilllast.她好奇這炎熱天氣將會持續(xù)多長時間?！煸谥骶錇閯釉~be加某些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。*常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,surprised等Hewassurprisedthathisfatherhadsoldthefarm.他對父親已賣掉農(nóng)場一事感到驚訝。I'msurethismoviewillbegoodboxoffice.我相信這部電影一定賣座。Iamgladthatthebuyershaveacceptedmyopinion.我很高興買主已經(jīng)接受我的意見。I'msorrythatIcan'tjoinyouinthediscussion.很遺憾，我不能參加你們的討論了。I'mafraidthatit'snotgoingtoworkout.恐怕這事不會成的。（三）考點考點一：時態(tài)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2?如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）

Iknewwholivedhere.Hetoldmethatshewastalkingwithhermotheratthattimelastweek.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenitbefore.3?當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.主句時態(tài)從句時態(tài)主句時態(tài)從句時態(tài)連接前連接后連接前連接后一般現(xiàn)在時—般過去時考點二：語序時態(tài)保持不變—般過去時冠完成時過去將來時過去進行時一般現(xiàn)在時—般過去時考點二：語序時態(tài)保持不變—般過去時冠完成時過去將來時過去進行時一般現(xiàn)在時—般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時隘從句的語序必須用陳述語序WhenwiHisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon'tknowwhathewantstobuy.ary?連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分Idon'tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?They'renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.They'renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.考點三：賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移*主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,consider,expect,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.Idon'tthinkhewillcometomyparty.我認為他不會來我的舞會.Idon'tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的，是不是？考點四：wh連詞+動詞不定式todo—Idon'tknowwhatIshalldonext.—Idon'tknowwhattodonext.—Shedidn'tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.—Shedidn'tdecidewhichonetochoose.—Pleasetellmewhomyou'llgivetheletterto.—Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.注意事項1一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，即不用that/ifIamsurprisedatwhathesaid.我很驚訝他所說的話。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。Thefirstprizeshouldgotowhoeverwritesbest.頭等獎應(yīng)頒給最優(yōu)秀的作者。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperienee.—切取決于我們是否有足夠的經(jīng)驗。2有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語從句前加it*這類動詞主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.(that不能省略)Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會認為我們的計劃確實可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認為你會同意我們的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.開啟發(fā)動機時，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.3其他*謂語動詞為ask，后面緊跟whether/if，分開用that;*謂語動詞為say，—般用thatShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.Heasksif/whetherIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanoverthere(that)howyoucangettothebusstation.*doubt,doubtful用于肯定句時，后面的名詞性從句連接詞常用whether或if*doubt,doubtful用于否定句時，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞用that。Idoubtif/whetherheisathome.Wedon'tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.*當besure引導(dǎo)主句是肯定句時，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用that;*當besure引導(dǎo)的主句是否定句時，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用whether或if。Wearesurethathewillbesuccessfulsoon.Theoldmandidn'tseemtobesurewhether/ifhehadmetme.賓語從句專項練習(xí)：一?將下列簡單句改成賓語從句He'sgonetoHunan.Iforgot.2.Shesaid,"Theyarewaitingforabus."Whosebagisit?Doyouknow.Whatwillyoudo?Heasked.Whoteachesyoumaths?Heaskedme.haveseenhim.Iremembered.答案forgotthathehadgonetoHunan.Shesaidthattheywerewaitingforabus.Doyouknowwhosebagitis?Heaskedwhatyouwoulddo.Heaskedmewhotaughtmemaths.IrememberedthatIhadseenhim.完成句子wantedtoknow （她在和誰交談）Hesaid （他以前見過我）3.1'msorryfor （我所做的事）Theteacherasked （誰能回答這個問題）Janesaidthat （她將乘飛機去那里）wantedtoknow （她是否有一些錢）Wehaven'tdecided （我們下一步該做什么）8.1'mnotsure （昨天天氣是否晴朗）Heaskedme （是如何處理這件事的）Doyouknow （是否要下雨）wantedtoknow （她是否來還是不來）二?答案whomshewastalkingwithhehadseenmebeforewhatIhavedonewhocouldanswerthequestionshewouldgotherebyplane6.if/whethershehadany/somemoney7.whatweshoulddonext8.if/whetheritwillbesunnytomorrow9.whatIdidwiththematter10.ifitisgoingtorainwhethershewouldcomeornot三?選擇填空：( )1」t'ssodark.Ican'tfindout it'saboy agirl.A.if,andB.that,andC.either,orD.whether,or( )2.Couldyoutellmeifhe toShanghai?A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.went D.go( )3.Hetoldme shewouldcatchtheearlybus.A.which B.whether C.whyD.that( )4.Mrs.Greenaskedme Iwouldgowithher.A.what B.which C.why D.That( )5.1don'tknow thecoat cheapenough.A.if,isB.where,wereC.that,wasD.if,were( )6.Hesaidthatthey Yunnan.

A.havebeentoB.hadgonetoC.havegonetoD.hasgonetoA.havebeentoB.hadgonetoC.havegonetoD.hasgoneto( )7.Jackisn'tsure studentsthereareinhisclass.A.howmanyB.whatC.whichD.Whether( )8.Mybrothersaidhe going hisfriendthenextday.A.was,tomeetB.wouldgo,hasC.willgo,wasgoingtoD.willgo,will( )9.Hetoldmethathe toLondonthenextday.A.wouldgoB.go C.wentD.hasgone( )10.HesaidthatApril the monthofayear.A.is,thirdB.is,fourthC.was,fourthD.was,third( )11.Doyouknow ?A.isitwhosepenB.whosepenisitC.whosepenitisD.itiswhosepen( )12.Canyoutellme languageshespeaks?A.whichB.whose C.that D.whether( )13.1don'tunderstand yousaid.A.when B.that C.whereD.what( )14.Idon'tthink I outtheproblem.A.if,canworkB.how,willworkC.that,canworkD.when,willwork( )15.Sheisafraid he coldatnight.A.that,willcatchB.that,catchesC.whether,willcatchD.is,catches( )16.Wearesure he tospeakEnglishwell.A.that,learnedB.that,haslearned C.if,learned D.if,haslearned( )17.Don'tyoubelieve tothemoonbyspaceship?A.thatmandidflyB.howdidthemanflyC.ifmanflyD.whethermanfly( )18.It'sfoggytoday.Ican'tfindout it'saman agirl.A.if,andB.that,andC.either,orD.whether,or( )19.Couldyoutellmeifit alotinsummerinyourhometown?A.rainedB.rainC.rainsD.israining( )20.Ican'tremember Isentthebookto.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whom( )21.Wedidn'tknow tovisitourschool.A.whendidhecomeB.whenwouldhecomeC.whenhewascomingD.whenhecame( )22.Iwanttoknow willgowithus.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.that( )23.Doyouknowwhattime .A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves( )24.Wewantedtoknow theanswerwasrightornot.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what( )25.Shehasmadeitclear shewillhavenothingtodowithhim.A.whatB.whichC.whetherD.that( )26.Forcenturies,peoplehavewondered thiscontinentisreallylike,sinceitiscoveredwithsolidthickiceanddeepsnowalltheyearround.A.whatB.howC.whichD.whether( )27.Hereallydoesn'tknow theoverheadbridgewillbefinished.A.howmuchB.howfarC.howsoon D.howoften( )28.Theboyaskedhowfarthemoon fromtheearth.A.wasB.wereC.isD.was( )29.Iforgot Franee.A.hehasgonetoB.hehadbeento C.hewentD.hehadgoneto( )30.Theywillbethankfulfor youhavedone.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who三?答案1B;2A;3D;4C;5A;6B;7A;8A;9A;10B;11C;12A;13D;14C;15A;16B;17A;18D;19C;20D;21C;22A;23D;24C;25D;26A;27C;28C;29D;30AUnit2【whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句練習(xí)】1.(2013.南京中考)一: weatheritis!Wecan'tgoboatingontheXuanwuLake.Unit3【疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句練習(xí)】（2013.北京中考）Idon'tremember thebookyesterday.A.whereIputB.wheredidIputC.wherewill