常見知識(shí)點(diǎn)完美版(全)

常見知識(shí)點(diǎn)一：常見介詞常用介詞隨便也有二三十個(gè)，如：at,in,on,beside,by,near,behind,but,except,besides,among,between,from,to,with,without,about,like,into,onto,through,before,against,along,during,for,of,off,past,since,towards,until,within,up,down,per,over,upon,till等等。二:常見系動(dòng)詞be，look,sound,taste,feel （感官）get,turn,become,go,fall（變化）keep,remain,stay（保持）三：todo,doing作賓語口訣1）常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣：consider,suggest/consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan'thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape承認(rèn)推遲沒得想避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練否認(rèn)完成停能賞不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。forbid,risk,imagine2）常跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣：想要拒絕命令需要努力學(xué)習(xí),期望同意幫助希望決定開始三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)，hope;wish;want;agree;promise兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕,demand;ask;refuse設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定,manage;learn;decide想要拒絕命令需要努力學(xué)習(xí),期望同意幫助希望決定開始3）以下的動(dòng)詞后面既可接動(dòng)詞的不定式又可以接動(dòng)詞的ing作賓語：hate,love,prefer,remember,forget,regret,like,try,stop,begin,start既跟動(dòng)詞ing又接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣：雙方一旦開始，不論喜歡與否，都得繼續(xù)下去。begin,start,like,prefer,hate,dislike,continue.不管記住與否，努力打算停止，后悔三個(gè)需要。remember,forget,try,mean,stop,regret,want,need,require在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同，動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作，不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。在begin/start,continue之后，用動(dòng)名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時(shí)候。C.在動(dòng)詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語動(dòng)作，如：在try,mean之后，意義各不相同，如trytodo（設(shè)法），trydoing（試試）,meantodo（打算，有意要做），meandoing（意思是，意味著）。goondoing和goontodogoondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；goontodo接著做另一件事。如：1） 請(qǐng)接著做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。 thesameexercise．2） 請(qǐng)做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。 theotherexerciseneed,require,want作“需要”解時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于tobedone。如：Theradioneeds/requires/wantsrepairing/toberepaired.四：常見不可數(shù)名詞（以后遇到別的不可數(shù)名詞繼續(xù)添加哦）單詞意義短語、例句advice建議givesb.someadviceonsth.equipmentasetofequipmentexperience經(jīng)驗(yàn)（注：“經(jīng)歷”可數(shù)）Mr.Lihasmuchteachingexperience.exercise鍛煉（注：“練習(xí)”可數(shù)）takeexercisefun開心、快樂的事Whatfunitistodosth.!furniture家具asetoffurniturenews/information/word消息，新聞Wordcamethathewonthefirstprizeinthematch.baggage/luggage行李apieceofbaggage/luggageprogress進(jìn)步makegreat/rapid/some/noprogressinsth.practice練習(xí)Practicemakesperfect.work工作weather天氣applause掌聲aburstofapplause一陣掌聲wealth財(cái)富，富裕friendship友誼energy精力homework家庭作業(yè)knowledge知識(shí)nature自然luck運(yùn)氣health健康technology技能courage勇氣

doingdone做定語ing形式作定語單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面，可以表示：1） 被修飾者的作用或功能，drinkingwater=waterfordrinking飲用水2） 表示與被修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系A(chǔ)rethereanylivingthingsonthemoon.developingcountrythecryingboy3）表示“令人 ”surprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果形式短語作定語-ing時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞之后，和名詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他們住在一間面朝街的房子。ThemanstandingthereisPeter'sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter'sfather.站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。done形式作定語done可以用作前置定語，此時(shí)，done和名詞之間有兩種語意關(guān)系：一種是done和被限定詞表被動(dòng)（常見）一種是done表示主動(dòng)（但時(shí)間上已經(jīng)過去）；。Heisaretiredworker.他是一個(gè)時(shí)退休工人。Thisisanewly-developeddevice（對(duì)比acryingboy）這是一個(gè)新開發(fā)的工具。過去分詞短語作后置定語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver bythedirtywaterfromLondon.Let'strythebookstorethatwasopenedlastmonth.Let'strythebookstoreopenedlastmonth.tobedone/beingdone/done做定語的區(qū)別。thebuildingtobebuilt將被建的建筑物thebuildingbeingbuilt正在被建的建筑物thebuildingbuilt被建成的建筑物

Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowingAgreatnumberofstudents saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questioned D.questioningSofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscoveredTomknewhewouldcertainlyget ifhewaslatehome.A.shoutatB.toshoutatC.shoutedat D.tobeshoutedatThenextthinghesawwassmoke frombehindthehouse.A.rose B.risingC.toriseD.risenOnreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.A.says B.saidC.sayingD.tosayLookoverthere—there'saverylong,windingpath uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.toleadThetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighed D.weighingListen!Doyouhearsomeone forhelp?A.callingB.callC.tocallD.calledA.callingB.callC.tocallD.calledtodo/doing/done做狀語的區(qū)別todo/doing/done做狀語的位置：在句中的位置：一句話的前或后邊，中間用逗號(hào)隔開。（表伴隨時(shí)有時(shí)不加）todo做狀語表目的，結(jié)果：（1）固定搭配（2）單獨(dú)使用表意外結(jié)果doing/done做狀語不表目的，doing表結(jié)果，表示自然而然，意料中的結(jié)果的結(jié)果。Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.Hewenttoseehisaunt,onlytofindherout.3.doing和done做狀語有何區(qū)別Seeingnobodythere,heturnedoffthelight.WritteninFrench,thelettercannotbeunderstood.總結(jié)：doing做狀語和句子主語存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系。done做狀語和子主語存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系練習(xí)：Sarahpretendedtobecheerful, nothingabouttheargument.（2011大綱全國(guó)卷）A.says B.saidC.tosay D.saying aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelo-calpeople.（遼寧2011）A.Gather B.TogatherC.Gathering D.TobegatheringDoyouwakeupeverymorning energeticandreadytostartanewday?（湖南2011）A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.feltMorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina, itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoan-other.（陜西2011）A.making B.madeC.tomake D.havingmadeDina, formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.（湖南2010）A.struggling B.struggled C.havingstruggledD.tostruggleWhenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroducedDon'tusewords,expressions,orphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknown D.knownAllofuswere bythe question___byalittlegirl.A.puzzled,puzzling,roseB.puzzling,puzzled,raisedC.puzzled,puzzling,raisedD.Puzzled,puzzled,liftedWithFather'sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank presentsformydad.A.buy B.tobuy C.buying D.tohavebought10.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetold B.tellingC.beingtold D.toldtododoingdone做賓補(bǔ)不定式做賓補(bǔ)(todo)1.引導(dǎo)todo做賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,expect/get+sb.todosth.Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.Theteachertoldme (擦黑板)2．不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)五看:seewatchlookatobservenotice三使：makehavelet兩聽：hearlistento一感覺：feel例:1)Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.2)MothermadeJohnwashthecar.Johnwasmadetowashthecar.以上的動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to要還原doing做賓補(bǔ)五看:seewatchlookatobservenotice一使have兩聽：hearlistento 一感覺：feel如:Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.Listentothebirdssinging./Ididn'tnoticehimwaiting.Iwon'thaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞，常見的有set,keep,get,catch,leave,find,等。如：I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.★see,hear,feel,watch等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：前者(doing)表示賓語動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而后者(todo)表示(或強(qiáng)調(diào))賓語動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我們走過教室，看見老師在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(只在走過教室的剎那間，看見老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn))Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我們坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)，看老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)看完老師作實(shí)驗(yàn))done做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：1).keepleave2)gethavemake3).watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find.4).want,wish,like,expect,order.5).With+賓+done例：Hekeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.IhavehadmybikerepairedWhenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.IwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasureThethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.todo/doing/done做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別1）Withalltheproblemssettled,hefelthappy.（done做賓補(bǔ)表被動(dòng)完成）2）Withmanyproblemstosettle,hefeltworried（todo做賓補(bǔ)表將來）Isawhercomeintotheclassroom（todo做賓補(bǔ)表動(dòng)作全過程）3）Iheardsomeonecallingme.（doing與賓語之間是主謂關(guān)系（主動(dòng)進(jìn)行）總結(jié)：done強(qiáng)調(diào)與賓語之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作已完成。todo強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程、或表將來要發(fā)生的事情。doing與賓語之間是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行關(guān)系他說的話讓我吃驚。Whathehadsaidmademe .我的眼鏡壞了。我要修理一下.Myglassesarebroken.I'llhavetogetthem .指著那個(gè)碎花瓶，媽媽問我：“誰干的？”Withherfinger tothebrokenvase,mymotheraskedme,“Whodidthat?”醫(yī)生看到他偷偷吸煙了。Thedoctorsawhim secretlyThemanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedout D.tocarryout There'saholeinyourbag. Iknow,I'mgoingtohaveit .A.mend B.mendingC.mendedD.tobemendedThoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister ,todayhewasmade byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cry D.tocry;cryHemanagedtomakehimself withhis English.A.understand;breaking B.understand;brokenC.understood;breaking D.understood;broken.Ifoundthedoor whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlocking D.openTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound .A.exposeB.exposed C.toexpose D.exposingIhaveoftenheardtheABCSong ,butIhaveneverheardAlice it.A.tobesung;tosingB.beingsung;sangC.sung;singD.sang;singingWhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill .A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating二：常見系動(dòng)詞（感官） （變化） （保持） 三：todo,doing作賓語口訣1）常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣：consider,putoff,fancy/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,enjoy/appreciateexcuse,pardoncan'thelp,mind,alpleorwm/it,escapeadmit,delay/avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,forbid,risk,ima