2022-2023學年河南省部分重點高中高三聯(lián)考英語試卷及答案解析

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年河南省部分重點高中高三聯(lián)考英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）AFourStoriesinLife

Arealdoll

I'veworkedatanamusementparkandwhenanotherBarbarajoinedtheteam，Ichangedmynametag（標簽）from"Barb"to"Barbie".Itwasfunnytoseehowsmallkidsrelatedtomedifferently."IsshereallyaBarbie？"theyasked，Ichangeditatmyotherjob，too，andbeganansweringthephone."ThisisBarbie，howcanIhelpyou？"Ninetypercentofcallersnowrespondwithmyname，"Barbie，canyoutellme…"Pronouncingthatlong"e"soundforcesyourmouthintoasmile.ButI'vefoundthesmileisusuallyreturnedvoluntarily.

—BarbieBoscoLatrobe，Pennsylvania

Ricetwiceasnice

Wereplacedricewithcauliflower（花椰菜）rice，There'snotmuchofadifferenceintaste，anditseasonswell，cooksinminutes，andisavegetableinsteadofemptycarbs（碳水化合物）.

—MichelleByrdMarlton，NewJersey

Happywife，happylife

Earlyinourmarriage，myhusbandwouldcomehometiredfromworkandI'dbetiredfromthekids.Wewerebothtiredandbad-tempered，andweoftenendeduparguing.ItgottoapointwhereIworriedwewereontheverge（邊緣）ofdivorce.ThedayIrealizedit，Iaskedmyself，"AmIthepersonIwouldwanttocomehometo？"

Ibegangreetinghimwithasmileandkissinsteadofcomplainingaboutmyday.He'dsmilebackandwe'dtalkcalmly.Westillhaveourdifferences，butonesmallchangeinattitudesavedourmarriageforever.

Aheadofthetimes

—AnnabelleWallis，Pennsylvania

Weresortsilverwareinthedishwasher.Ittakesnoextratimeloadingandmakesemptyingmucheasier.Wealwayssmilewhenourkids，nowadults，introducefriendsto"Spoonland"and"Forkland"。

—KathleenLuck，Ohio

1.InwhataspectdidBarbieBoscoLatrobechangetomakeabetterlife？______A.Hernametag. B.Herdiet.

C.Herhousework. D.Herrelationship.2.Whodidsomethingtosaveher/hismarriage？______A.BarbieBoscoLatrobe. B.MichelleByrdMarlton.

C.AnnabelleWallis. D.KathleenLuck.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthefourstories？______A.Nopains，nogains.

B.Graspall，loseall.

C.Nothingseek，nothingfind.

D.Smallchanges，bigimprovements.BFuchsiaDunlopisacookthat'sbetteratChinesedishesthanEuropeanones，andcookinghasbecomeawayforhertokilltimeinthe"endlesslockdown".Shecooksinaveryrelaxedway，goingtothefarmers'marketattheweekendtobuyseasonalproductsforeverydaycooking—amixofJiangnan，Hunan，GuangdongandSichuandishes.

GrowingupinahouseholdinOxfordalwaysfilledwithflavorsfromJapan.Turkey，Spain，IndiaandAustria，Dunlopdreamedofbecomingacookwhenshewaslittle.However，herdreamdidnotstarttocometrueuntilshecametoChengdu，thecapitalofSichuanProvince，asauniversitystudentin1994.Thatwaswhenshebeganlearninglocalcookingskills，whilelookingfordeliciousfoodinthecityandnearbyareas.

Alwayskeepinganotebookonhandwherevershewent，shewrotedowntherecipesofthedishesshetasted.BasedonherknowledgeofSichuandishes，Dunloppublishedherfirstbook，SichuanCookery，in2001.Andsincethen，shehaspublishedfourbooksaboutSichuancuisine.

Now，aChineseversionofDunlop'sbook，LandofFishandRice，isavailable.Inthebook，DunlopdescribesJiangnan，theregionsouthoftheYangtzeRiver，asanarea"blessedwithawarmclimate，richland，andlakes，riversandcoastalwatersthatfilledwithfishandseafood"，andsheregardstheregionastheheartlandofthenation'sgastronomy（美食）.

TobetterunderstandthecontextofthefoodinJiangnan，DunlopstartedreadingChineseclassicslikeDreamoftheRedChamber（《紅樓夢》），whichcontainsdetaileddescriptionsofdisheseatenbywealthyfamiliesinancientChina."JiangnanfoodisconnectedwithChineseliterature.Lotsofdisheshavequiteliterarynamesorstoriesbehindthem."shesays.

"Foodisarepresentationofcultureanywhereingeneral，butinChinaithasaparticularimportance."Dunlopsays.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exotic"inParagraph2mean？______A.Wonderful. B.Rich. C.Strong. D.Foreign.5.WhendidDunloprealizeherdreamofbecomingacook？______A.Whenshewasalittlechild.

B.WhenshestudiedinChengdu.

C.Whenshepublishedherfirstbook

D.WhenshefellinlovewithSichuandishes.6.WhydidDunlopstartreadingDreamoftheRedChamber？______A.TolearntheChineselanguagebetter.

B.Tomakepreparationsforhernextbook

C.TobetterunderstandthebackgroundofJiangnanfood.

D.TolearnmoreaboutwealthyfamiliesinancientChina.7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext？______A.AWriterofGoodTaste

B.TheInfluenceofChineseClassic

C.TheParticularImportanceofFood

D.APopularBookAboutChineseFoodCTheskyturnedorangeandthehospitalswereinchaos.ThousandsofIraqiscametoemergencyroomscomplainingthattheycouldnotbreathe.Somehadtobeputonrespirators（人工呼吸器）.Schoolsclosedandairportscancelledflights.Lifecametoastopamidacloudofdust.

SuchsceneshaveoccurredalmostweeklyinIraqsinceApril.Indecadespast，twoorthreebigsandstormswereexpectedeveryyear.Thisspring，Iraqhasalreadyrecordedatleasteight.SandstormshavealwaysbeenafactoflifeintheMiddleEast，andarenowgrowingmorefrequentlyandintensely.

Scientistssayduststormsarecomplexandpoorlyunderstood，buttheirmaincausesarenatural.In2015，somepeopleblamedafiercesummerstormintheLevantonSyria'scivilwar?thinkingthatmilitaryvehiclestravellingthroughfieldskickedupenoughdusttoblankettheregion.ResearchersatPrincectonUniversitylatercitedamoreordinarymixofunusualheatandstrongwindsasitsreason，notgunners.

Still，peopleplainlycontributetotheproblem.Demandforwaterismakingadryregionevendrier.AWorldBankstudyin2019foundthathumanactions，suchasover-exploitingriversandlakes，produceaquarteroftheMiddleEast'sdust.Iranhasdrainedwetlandsforfarming.Turkishdams（水壩）ontheTigrisandEuphratesmeandrierriverbedsdownstream.

meansmoredustneedstobesweptupbythewind.Thedecreaseoftheregion'sforestsbecauseoffiresandcuttingdowntreesmeansthereislessvegetationtoholditback.Syria，forexample，haslostanestimated25%ofitswoodlandandsince2001，mostofittosummerfires.Climatechangewillmaketheproblemworse.

Forthosewhoworkoutside，sandstormsmakelifeunbearable.Sandstormsbringtinyparticles（微粒）thattraveldeepintothelungs.TheWorldBankestimatesthatairpollutioncauses30，000prematuredeathsayearintheMiddleEast-andrising.

Economiccostswillmount，too.Workersstayathome.Cropsareburiedunderdust.TheUNputsthedirecteconomiccostintheMiddleEastat﹩13bnayear，withindirectcostsmanytimesbigger.8.WhatdothescenesdescribedinParagraph1show？______A.TheseriousnessofsandstormsinIraq.

B.ThehighfrequencyofsandstormsinIraq.

C.ThestepstakentoaddressIraq'ssandstorms.

D.TheIraqis'negativeresponsetosandstorms.9.HowdoesParagraph3mainlydevelop？______A.Byofferinganalyses. B.Bygivinganexample.

C.Byprovidingresearchresults. D.Bychallengingageneralview.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"Allofthis"inParagraph5referto？______A.Adrierclimate.

B.WatershortageintheMiddleEast.

C.Theimpactofhumanactivitiesonwaterresources.

D.DecreaseofforestareasacrosstheMiddleEast.11.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheMiddleEast'ssandstormproblem？______A.Puzzled. B.Worried. C.Doubtful D.Optimistic.DPeoplewithdyslexia（閱讀障礙）havebrainsthataredirectedtowardsexploringtheunknown，acharacterthat'sbeenimportanttothesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.Dyslexiashouldbeconsideredadifference，notadisorder，researchersattheUniversityofCambridgesay.Thisisevidencedbystudiesthatshowpeoplewithdyslexiahavebrainsthatarespecializedtoexploretheunknownandthinkintermsofthebiggerpicture.

Thestrengthsofthedyslexicbraincouldhaveevolvedashumansadaptedtochangingculture.Tosurvive，weneededtolearnskillsandacquirehabits，butwealsoneededtobecreativeandfindnewsolutionsthroughexploration.Inthenewstudy，theresearcherssaythatsomepeoplespecializedinusinglearnedinformation，whileothersfocusedondiscoveryandinvention.

Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithdyslexiaarelessefficientatprocedural（程序的）learningthannon-dyslexicpeople，saidTaylor，whostudiescognitionandhumanevolution."Learningtoread，writeorplaythepianoareallskillsthataredependentuponproceduralmemory，oncelearned，theskillscanbeprocessedautomaticallyandrapidly，"Tayloradded.

Dyslexiahaslongbeenviewedthroughanegativelens（透鏡）.Ithasbeencalledadevelopmentaldisorder，learningdisabilityorlearningdifficulty.Instead，thedistinctionbetweendyslexieandnon-dyslexiebrainsshouldbeframed（表達）simplyasadifference，saidTaylor."Weallpossessdifficultiesinareasthatareotherpeople'sstrengths.It'sjustunfortunatethatinthecaseofpeoplewithdyslexia，theirdifficultiesarecontinuallyhighlighted，inpartduetothenatureofeducationandalsototheimportanceofreadingandwritinginourculture.Inreframingdyslexiaasadifference，societycanbenefitfrommoreinnovativesolutions，"saidTaylor."It'simportanttostressthatpeoplewithdyslexiastillfacealotofdifficulties，butthedifficultiesexistbecauseoftheenvironmentandanemphasisonrotelearning（死記硬背）andreadingandwriting.Instead，wecoulddevelop"explorativelearning'-learningthroughdiscovery，inventionandcreativity，whichwouldworkmoretotheirstrengths."12.Whatcharacteristicdopeoplewithdyslexiahave？______A.Theirbrainsarespecial

B.Theysufferbraindisorder.

C.Theyprefertoexploretheunknown.

D.Theyfocusonthesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.13.Whichisindependentofproceduralmemoryaccordingtothetext？______A.Readinganarticle. B.Composingasong.

C.Practicingthepiano. D.Recitingapoem.14.Whyhasdyslexiabeenviewednegatively？______A.Peoplewithitareunlucky.

B.Peoplecanbenefitfromitssolutions.

C.Itleadstolearningdisabilityorlearningdifficulty.

D.Partiallybecauseourculturevaluesreadingandwriting.15.Whatshouldwedotoachievetheaimofreframingdyslexiaasadifference？______A.Emphasizetheroleofrotelearningandreadingandwriting.

B.Realizetheimportanceofreadingandwritinginourculture.

C.Highlightthedifficultiespeoplewithdyslexiafacecontinually.

D.Promotelearningthroughdiscovery，inventionandcreativity.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）Somepeoplethinkthere'slittleyoucandotosurviveastampede（踩踏）.Indeed，it'safrighteningsituationtobeinandcircumstancesmaymakeitimpossibletoescape.Butcrowd-safetyexpertssaythereareseveralstrategiesthatcouldhelpyouavoidaseriousoutcome.

●Haveaplanbeforeyouneedone.

Thekeytostayingsafeinacrowdbeginsassoonasyouarriveatthelocation，saysRandyI.Atlas，asafetyconsultantbasedinFortLauderdale.(1)It'sapieceofcommonsenseadvicethatAtlasappliesnotjustatbigevents，butevenwhenenteringalmostanyroom.

●Gowiththeflow.

Ifthere'sasuddenpanicandcrowdsbegintopushinacertaindirection，yourinstinct（本能）maybetofightbackandpushtheoppositeway.(2)Ifyougoagainsttheflow，youincreaseyourchancesofgettingtrippedandknockeddown.Anotherrisk，accordingtoexperts：Ifyoufightthecrowd，youwilltireyourselfoutquicklyinasituationwhereyouneedalltheenergyyoucanmuster.

●(3)

Asyoumoveforwardwiththecrowd，it'sbesttomoveinadiagonal（對角線的）directionsoyoucanpotentiallyangleyourwayoutofthesituation，expertssay.Thegoal，accordingtowriterPatrickHutchison，istogetto"theedgeofthestampedewhereit'slesslikelythatyou'llendupstuckatachokepoint，likeadoorway."

●Findsomewheretoprotectyourself.

Anotherpotentialwaytohandlethesituationistoprotectyourselfandallowthecrowdtomovepastyou.Lookfor"asolidstructuretostandbehindsuchasawall，"saysBartWhitaker，aveteranvenueandevent-managementprofessional.(4)

●Giveyourselfsomebreathingroom.

Inmanystampedeevents，peoplediefromasphyxiation（窒息）-theyaresimplycrushedtothepointtheycan'tbreathe.Butapossiblewaytoavoidthisistoplaceyourarmsinfrontofyou，almostinaboxer-likeposition.(5)It'sasimplepose，butsurprisinglyeffectiveandpossiblylife-saving.

A.Angleyourwayout.

B.Choosetherightdirection.

C.Butthatcouldbeabigmistake.

D.Coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarms.

E.Otherplacestoduck：behindacarorevenalamppost.

F.Thatcouldgiveyousomeveryvaluablebreathingroom.

G.Namely，headvisespeopletotakenoteofwherethenearestexitsare.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）Afewyearsago，Ifoundababygoatattheendofthedriveway.I(21)！someonedumped（丟棄）himoverthefence.ThegoatwasvisiblynervousbutstoodperfectlystillasI(22).

I'mananimal(23)andI'vebroughthomedogs，catsandchickens，butneveragoat.Thetinykidwastoo(24)toresist.InamedhimQuincy，andwiththehelpofsome(25)friends，bottle-fedhiminmybathroom.

Quincyprovedtobequite(26).Whenhewasaboutaweekold，Itapped（輕敲）myfingersonthebathroomfloorandsaid"Liedown."Iwas(27)whenhedroppeddown.Iwasevenmoreamazedwhenhediditthreetimesinarow.

Aquick(28)，Quincylearnedtoliedown，bow，andturninacircleinnotime.Heishouse-trained，jumpsinthebackofmySUVwhenIsay"(29)"，andspendsthedaywalkingwithmydogs.HeknowsthenameofeverythingI(30)him，andevenjoinsusfortripstothedogpark.

Iloveto(31)animalsandoftentakemydogstoshowswheretheycanperformtheir(32).Quincydidhisfirst(33)whenhewasjustsixweeksold.Heknewonlyafewtricksthen，buthedidthem(34)andnevergotnervousinfrontofthe(35).

Nowhehasnew(36)：He'llshakehooves，comewhencalled，wave，smileforthe(37)（"Saycheese!"），andmore.Quincyandmy(38)performregularlyatnursinghomes，andcharityevents.It's(39)tobelievethatthegoatkidnobodywanted(40)tobeoneofthesmartestanimalsI'veeverhad.21.

A.stated B.wondered C.figured D.knew22.

A.approached B.fled C.passed D.appeared23.

A.designer B.painter C.doctor D.lover24.

A.cheap B.cute C.naughty D.sick25.

A.experienced B.loyal C.confident D.graceful26.

A.intelligent B.brave C.reliable D.independent27.

A.excited B.amazed C.curious D.frightened28.

A.lecture B.check C.study D.experiment29.

A.rushout B.runaway C.liedown D.loadup30.

A.feed B.buy C.support D.decorate31.

A.protect B.train C.hunt D.trap32.

A.promises B.plays C.tricks D.duties33.

A.effort B.show C.discovery D.visit34.

A.formally B.equally C.slowly D.perfectly35.

A.farmers B.staff C.students D.crowd36.

A.owners B.interest C.skills D.status37.

A.mirror B.camera C.food D.adult38.

A.kids B.chickens C.cats D.dogs39.

A.hard B.natural C.easy D.normal40.

A.wenton B.madeout C.turnedout D.turnedup四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.YueOpera，oneofthefivemajorChineseoperasandthesecond(1)（large）typenationally，isknownas"Chinesedrama"abroad.ItoriginatedinShengzhouCityinZhejiangProvince，whichwaspartoftheYueStateintheSpringandAutumnPeriod，soit(2)（name）YueOpera.Ithasatleastthirteen(3)（school）andprevails（盛行）inShanghai，Zhejiang，Jiangsu，F(xiàn)ujian，JiangxiandAnhuiareas，aswellascitiesinnorthernChinasuchasBeijingandTianjin.

YueOperawasbornin1906as"littlesongclass".In1938，it(4)（formal）adoptedthenameofYueOpera.

AbsorbingtheelementsofShaoxingOpera，YueOperaenrichedthemandcreateditsowntypeofmusic.Itisgood(5)expressingemotionsthroughsinging.(6)（maintain）itssofttunes，sweetmelodies（旋律），(7)refinedstyle，YueOperaadoptedartisticachievementsfromthemoderndrama，KunquOperaandWesternmusic，andcreated(8)newperformancestyle.

Uptonow，manyyearsofdevelopment(9)（make）YueOperaamostimportantoperastylenexttoPekingOperainChina，takingitsthemefromfairytales，literaryclassicsand(10)（history）stories.PopularplaysincludeLiangShanboandZhuYingtai（knownasTheButterflyLovers），DreamoftheRedChamberandMrs.Xianglin.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）42.（1）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文.文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：（1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞：

（2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

Ilikereadingstories，amongthemthemostimpressiveoneisCangJieCreatingCharacters.

CangJiewasaofficialundertheYellowEmperor，whowasresponsibleforthemanageofanimalfood.Atthattime，therewasnowriting，soitwasverydifficulttomanage.Duringahuntingtrip，hefindthatthehunterswouldtrackdowntheanimalsbyfollowtheirfootprints.CangJieinspiredbythis.Soshedrewsomethingtorepresentdifferentlythings.Inthisway，hebegantocreatecharacters.

Beforereadingthisstory，Iknowthatman'swisdomisinfinite（無窮的）.Onlybydaringtocreatecanwehavegreatthings.IhavelearnedalotoffromCangJie.(1)(2)六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）43.很多同學不知道如何處理學習與愛好之間的關(guān)系，并為此感到困擾。請你就這一話題給校英文報寫一篇英語短文。內(nèi)容包括：

①同學們面對學習與愛好的現(xiàn)狀：

②你的觀點。

注意：（1）詞數(shù)100左右：

②標題已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)：

③可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

MyOpiniononBalancingStudyandHobbies______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、D【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A

real

doll部分中的I

changed

my

name

tag（標簽）

from"Barb"to"Barbie".（我把自己的姓名標簽從"Barb"改成了"Barbie"。）可知，為了更好地生活，BarbieBoscoLatrobe改變了自己的名牌。故選A。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Happy

wife，happy

life部分中的I

began

greeting

him

with

a

smile

and

kiss

instead

of

complaining

about

my

day.He'd

smile

back

and

we'd

talk

calmly.We

still

have

our

differences，but

one

small

change

in

attitude

saved

our

marriage

forever.（我開始用微笑和親吻來問候他，而不是抱怨我的一天。他會回以微笑，我們會心平氣和地交談。我們?nèi)匀挥蟹制?，但態(tài)度上的一個小小的改變永遠挽救了我們的婚姻。）以及—Annabelle

Wallis，Pennsylvania（—賓夕法尼亞州安娜貝爾?沃利斯）可知，AnnabelleWallis做了一些事情來挽救她的婚姻。故選C。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)A

real

doll部分中的I've

worked

at

an

amusement

park

and

when

another

Barbara

joined

the

team，I

changed

my

name

tag（標簽）

from"Barb"to"Barbie".（我在一家游樂園工作，當另一個芭芭拉加入團隊時，我把自己的姓名標簽從"Barb"改成了"Barbie"。）以及Rice

twice

as

nice部分中的We

replaced

rice

with

cauliflower（花椰菜）

rice.There's

not

much

of

a

difference

in

taste，and

it

seasons

well，cooks

in

minutes，and

is

a

vegetable

instead

of

empty

carbs（碳水化合物）.（我們用花椰菜代替大米。味道沒有太大的區(qū)別，調(diào)味好，烹飪時間短，是一種蔬菜而不是空碳水化合物。）以及Happy

wife，happy

life部分中的We

still

have

our

differences，but

one

small

change

in

attitude

saved

our

marriage

forever.（我們?nèi)匀挥蟹制?，但態(tài)度上的一個小小的改變永遠挽救了我們的婚姻。）以及Ahead

of

the

times部分中的We

resort

silverware

in

the

dishwasher.It

takes

no

extra

time

loading

and

makes

emptying

much

easier.（我們把銀器放在洗碗機里。它不需要額外的時間加載，使清空容易得多。）可知，我們可以從這四個故事中學到：小變化，大進步。故選D。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個人生活中的小故事。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

4~7.【答案】D、B、C、A【解析】（1）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Growing

up

in

a

household

in

Oxford

always

filled

with

flavors

from

Japan.（我在牛津長大，家里總是充滿了來自日本的異域風情。）可知，此處指"異域風情"。結(jié)合選項，A.Wonderful.精彩的；B.Rich.富有的；C.Strong.強壯的；D.Foreign.外國的，異域的。分析可知，D項與劃線部分的詞exotic意思接近。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句However，her

dream

did

not

start

to

come

true

until

she

came

to

Chengdu，the

capital

of

Sichuan

Province，as

a

university

student

in

1994.（然而，直到1994年她作為一名大學生來到四川省會成都，她的夢想才開始成真。）可知，當她在成都學習時她才實現(xiàn)當一名廚師的夢想。故選B。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中第一句To

better

understand

the

context

of

the

food

in

Jiangnan，Dunlop

started

reading

Chinese

classics

like

Dream

of

the

Red

Chamber（《紅樓夢》），which

contains

detailed

descriptions

of

dishes

eaten

by

wealthy

families

in

ancient

China."（為了更好地了解江南美食的背景，鄧祿普開始閱讀中國經(jīng)典名著，如《紅樓夢》，其中詳細描述了中國古代富裕家庭所吃的菜肴。）可知，鄧祿普開始讀《紅樓夢》是為了更好地了解江南美食的背景。

故選C。

（4）標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第三段Always

keeping

a

notebook

on

hand

wherever

she

went，she

wrote

down

the

recipes

of

the

dishes

she

tasted.Based

on

her

knowledge

of

Sichuan

dishes，Dunlop

published

her

first

book，Sichuan

Cookery，in

2001.And

since

then，she

has

published

four

books

about

Sichuan

cuisine.（基于她對川菜的了解，鄧祿普于2001年出版了她的第一本書《四川烹飪》。從那時起，她已經(jīng)出版了四本關(guān)于川菜的書。）和第四段Now，a

Chinese

version

of

Dunlop's

book，Land

of

Fish

and

Rice，is

available.In

the

book，Dunlop

describes

Jiangnan，the

region

south

of

the

Yangtze

River，as

an

area"blessed

with

a

warm

climate，rich

land，and

lakes，rivers

and

coastal

waters

that

filled

with

fish

and

seafood"，and

she

regards

the

region

as

the

heartland

of

the

nation's

gastronomy（美食）.（現(xiàn)在，鄧祿普的著作《魚米之鄉(xiāng)》中文版已經(jīng)出版。在書中，鄧洛普將長江以南的江南地區(qū)描述為"氣候溫暖，土地富饒，湖泊、河流和沿海水域盛產(chǎn)魚類和海鮮"的地區(qū)，她認為該地區(qū)是全國美食的中心地帶。）可知，文章主要介紹了擅長做美食的作家鄧祿普。結(jié)合選項，A.A

Writer

of

Good

Taste一位有品位的作家；B.The

Influence

of

Chinese

Classic中國經(jīng)典的影響；C.The

Particular

Importance

of

Food食物的特殊重要性；D.A

Popular

Book

About

Chinese

Food一本關(guān)于中國食物的暢銷書。分析可知，A項能準確地概括全文的內(nèi)容，故選A。

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位非常擅長做中國菜的美食家Fuchsia

Dunlop的一些個人經(jīng)歷以及她所出版的幾本書的相關(guān)信息。

做閱讀時首先要通讀全文，理解文章大意，然后帶著問題到原文中找信息句，仔細研究問題和跟問題有關(guān)的句子，琢磨其意思，選出正確答案。

8~11.【答案】A、B、C、B【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的描述Theskyturnedorangeandthehospitalswereinchaos.ThousandsofIraqiscametoemergencyroomscomplainingthattheycouldnotbreathe.Somehadtobeputonrespirators（人工呼吸器）.Schoolsclosedandairportscancelledflights.Lifecametoastopamidacloudofdust.（天空變成橙色，醫(yī)院一片混亂。成千上萬的伊拉克人來到急診室，抱怨他們無法呼吸。一些人不得不戴上呼吸器。學校停課，機場取消航班。在一片塵土中，生命停止了），結(jié)合第二段中SuchsceneshaveoccurredalmostweeklyinIraqsinceApril.Indecadespast，twoorthreebigsandstormswereexpectedeveryyear.（自四月以來，這樣的場景在伊拉克幾乎每周都會發(fā)生。在過去的幾十年里，每年都會有兩到三次大的沙塵暴。）可知，第一段描述的場景主要顯示了伊拉克沙塵暴的嚴重性。故選A。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容Scientistssayduststormsarecomplexandpoorlyunderstood，buttheirmaincausesarenatural.In2015，somepeopleblamedafiercesummerstormintheLevantonSyria'scivilwar?thinkingthatmilitaryvehiclestravellingthroughfieldskickedupenoughdusttoblankettheregion.ResearchersatPrincectonUniversitylatercitedamoreordinarymixofunusualheatandstrongwindsasitsreason，notgunners.（科學家說沙塵暴是復(fù)雜的，我們對它知之甚少，但是它的主要原因是自然因素。2015年，很多人將黎凡特夏季的一場嚴重沙塵暴歸咎于敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，認為顛簸而過的裝甲車揚起的塵土足以覆蓋住該地區(qū)。普林斯頓大學的研究人員后來將其歸因于異常高溫和氣流，而非坦克兵。異常高溫和氣流是陣風的更常見組合。）可知，本段通過例舉黎凡特夏季沙塵暴這一例子說明沙塵暴主要是由自然因素引起的。故選B。

（3）代詞指代題。this通常代指前面提到過的人或事物，根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容SDemandforwaterismakingadryregionevendrier.AWorldBankstudyin2019foundthathumanactions，suchasover-exploitingriversandlakes，produceaquarteroftheMiddleEast'sdust.Iranhasdrainedwetlandsforfarming.Turkishdams（水壩）ontheTigrisandEuphratesmeandrierriverbedsdownstream.（對水的需求使得干旱地區(qū)更加干旱。世界銀行2019年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，過度開發(fā)河流和湖泊等人類行為產(chǎn)生了中東四分之一的灰塵。伊朗已經(jīng)排干濕地用于農(nóng)業(yè)。底格里斯河和幼發(fā)拉底河上的土耳其大壩意味著下游更加干燥的河床。）可知，此處Allofthis代指的是人類活動對水資源的影響。A.干燥的氣候；B.中東缺水；C.人類活動對水資源的影響；D.中東地區(qū)森林面積減少。故選C。

（4）觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Forthosewhoworkoutside，sandstormsmakelifeunbearable.Sandstormsbringtinyparticles（微粒）thattraveldeepintothelungs.TheWorldBankestimatesthatairpollutioncauses30，000prematuredeathsayearintheMiddleEast-andrising.（對于在外工作的人來說，沙塵暴讓生活難以忍受。沙塵暴帶來的微小顆粒會深入肺部。世界銀行估計，在中東，空氣污染每年導(dǎo)致3萬人過早死亡，而且這個數(shù)字還在上升。）以及最后一段Economiccostswillmount，too.Workersstayathome.Cropsareburiedunderdust.TheUNputsthedirecteconomiccostintheMiddleEastat﹩13bnayear，withindirectcostsmanytimesbigger.（經(jīng)濟成本也會增加。工人呆在家里。莊稼被埋在塵土中。聯(lián)合國估計，中東地區(qū)每年的直接經(jīng)濟成本為130億美元，間接成本要高出許多倍。）可知，沙塵暴引起的空氣污染導(dǎo)致數(shù)萬人死亡，經(jīng)濟損失嚴重，由此判斷，作者對中東沙塵暴問題的態(tài)度是擔心的。故選B。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中東地區(qū)近年來沙塵暴活動頻繁，對人類生活造成很大的影響。文章還解釋了這一現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因，并對這一問題表示擔憂。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

12~15.【答案】C、B、D、D【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Peoplewithdyslexia（閱讀障礙）havebrainsthataredirectedtowardsexploringtheunknown，acharacterthat'sbeenimportanttothesurvivalandsuccessofhumans.（有閱讀障礙的人的大腦傾向于探索未知，這種性格對人類的生存和成功至關(guān)重要。）和最后一句Thisisevidencedbystudiesthatshowpeoplewithdyslexiahavebrainsthatarespecializedtoexploretheunknownandthinkintermsofthebiggerpicture.（研究表明，有閱讀障礙的人的大腦專門探索未知，并從更大的角度思考。）可知，有閱讀障礙的人更喜歡探索未知。故選C。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithdyslexiaarelessefficientatprocedural（程序的）learningthannon-dyslexicpeople，saidTaylor，whostudiescognitionandhumanevolution."Learningtoread，writeorplaythepianoareallskillsthataredependentuponproceduralmemory，oncelearned，theskillscanbeprocessedautomaticallyandrapidly，"Tayloradded.（研究表明，有閱讀障礙的人在程序性學習方面不如沒有閱讀障礙的人有效，研究認知和人類進化的泰勒說。泰勒補充說："學習讀、寫或彈鋼琴都是依賴于程序性記憶的技能，一旦學會，這些技能可以被自動快速地處理。"）可知，閱讀一篇文章、練習鋼琴和朗誦一首詩都是依賴于程序性記憶的技能，而創(chuàng)作歌曲屬于創(chuàng)造性過程，是獨立于程序記憶的。故選B。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Dyslexiahaslongbeenviewedthroughanegativelens（透鏡）.Ithasbeencalledadevelopmentaldisorder，learningdisabilityorlearningdifficulty.（長期以來，人們一直從負面的角度看待閱讀障礙。它被稱為發(fā)展障礙，學習障礙或?qū)W習困難。）以及It'sjustunfortunatethatinthecaseofpeoplewithdyslexia，theirdifficultiesarecontinuallyhighlighted，inpartduetothenatureofeducationandalsototheimportanceofreadingandwritinginourculture.（不幸的是，對于有閱讀障礙的人來說，他們的困難不斷被強調(diào)，部分原因是教育的本質(zhì)，也是因為閱讀和寫作在我們文化中的重要性。）可知，閱讀障礙被負面看待的部分原因是我們的文化重視閱讀和寫作。故選D。

（4）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Inreframingdyslexiaasadifference，societycanbenefitfrommoreinnovativesolutions（將閱讀障礙重新定義為一種差異，社會可以從更具創(chuàng)新性的解決方案中受益）以及wecoulddevelop"explorativelearning'-learningthroughdiscovery，inventionandcreativity，whichwouldworkmoretotheirstrengths.（我們可以發(fā)展"探索性學習"--通過發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)明和創(chuàng)造來學習，這將更好地發(fā)揮他們的優(yōu)勢。）可知，我們可以通過發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)明和創(chuàng)造力促進學習，來實現(xiàn)將閱讀障礙重新定義為差異這一目標。故選D。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了有閱讀障礙的人的大腦傾向于探索未知，這種性格對人類的生存和成功至關(guān)重要。研究人員認為應(yīng)該將閱讀障礙重新定義為一種差異。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

16~20.【答案】G、C、A、E、F【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文The

key

to

staying

safe

in

a

crowd

begins

as

soon

as

you

arrive

at

the

location，says

Randy

I.Atlas，a

safety

consultant

based

in

Fort

Lauderdale（位于勞德代爾堡（FortLauderdale）的安全顧問蘭迪阿特拉斯（RandyI.Atlas）說，在人群中保持安全的關(guān)鍵在于你到達目的地就開始了。）和下文It's

a

piece

of

commonsense

advice

that

Atlas

applies

not

just

at

big

events，but

even

when

entering

almost

any

room.

（這是一條常識性的建議，你不僅應(yīng)該在大型活動中應(yīng)用，而且在進入幾乎任何房間時也能應(yīng)用。）可知，建議人們到達一個地方，就應(yīng)該注意出口的位置。G選項"Namely，he

advises

people

to

take

note

of

where

the

nearest

exits

are.也就是說，他建議人們注意最近的出口在哪里。"符合語境。故選G。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文If

there's

a

sudden

panic

and

crowds

begin

to

push

in

a

certain

direction，your

instinct（本

能）

may

be

to

fight

back

and

push

the

opposite

way.

（如果有一個突然的恐慌并且人群開始推向一個特定的方向，你的本能可能是反擊和推相反的方向。）和后文If

you

go

against

the

flow，you

increase

your

chances

of

getting

tripped

and

knocked

down.

（如果你逆行，你會增加被絆倒和擊倒的機會。）可知，逆行是不對的。C選項"But

that

could

be

a

big

mista