新版【考研英語】歷年考研英語真題答案(1990-2023年)

2023年考研英語真題答案SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)21. [A] 22. [B] 23. [C] 24. [D] 25. [C]26. [B] 27. [D] 28. [C] 29. [A] 30. [D]31. [A] 32. [D] 33. [B] 34. [D] 35. [C]36. [D] 37. [B] 38. [A] 39. [C] 40. [A]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)PartA(40points)41. [B] 42. [A] 43. [C] 44. [D] 45. [B]46. [A] 47. [B] 48. [B] 49. [A] 50. [D]51. [C] 52. [D] 53. [C] 54. [B] 55. [A]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [B] 59. [D] 60. [C]PartB(10points)61. 而且，人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境，從而是讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從人類自己獨(dú)特的想法和想象。62. 社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支，它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。63. 強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料，加上在分析過去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角，使得這一研究成為一門獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。64. 泰勒把文化定義為“……一個(gè)復(fù)合整體，它包括人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其它能力和習(xí)慣〞。65. 因此，人類學(xué)中“文化〞概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集〞的概念一樣，是一個(gè)抽象概念，它使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能。SectionIV:Writing(20points)66. 參考范文Asisshowninthetwopictures,thesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotection,theflowerbloomsbeautifully.However,whenexposeddirectlytorainandstorm,theflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChina,moreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparents,theseonlychildrenseemtobehealthy,happyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehome,theybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbefore,suchascompetitionfrompeers,criticismfromsupervisors,pressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordiscipline,theywillbeataloss,miserableorevendesperate.Infact,themoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparents,thelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.Children,likeflowers,shouldbetreatedwithcare,butreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresults,ifwenotonlyloveourchildrenbutalsoteachthemhowtolove,ourlovewillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;ifwenotonlysolveproblemsforourchildrenbutalsoencouragethemtosolveproblems,ourdiligenceandingenuitywillmakeourlifemoremeaningfulandworthwhile.2023年考研英語真題答案SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)21. [A] 22. [D] 23. [C] 24. [B] 25. [B]26. [A] 27. [D] 28. [D] 29. [C] 30. [B]31. [D] 32. [A] 33. [A] 34. [C] 35. [B]36. [D] 37. [A] 38. [C] 39. [B] 40. [C]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)PartA(40points)41. [C] 42. [B] 43. [D] 44. [D] 45. [A]46. [C] 47. [C] 48. [D] 49. [B] 50. [C]51. [B] 52. [D] 53. [D] 54. [A] 55. [A]56. [B] 57. [C] 58. [B] 59. [A] 60. [D]PartB(10points)61. 難題在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。62. 行為科學(xué)之所以開展緩慢，局部原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，局部原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。63. 自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以說明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用那么剛剛開始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。64. 自由和尊嚴(yán)(它們)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的，是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。65. (如果)這些問題得不到解決，研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。SectionIV:Writing(20points)66. 參考范文Cultures--nationalandinternationalAsisshowninthepicture,ayoungAmericangirliswearingtraditionalChinesedressandornamentsandissmilingsweetly.Itmaybeanordinarypicture,butitconveysdeepandprofoundmeaning:nationalcultureisalsointernationalculture.Eversinceweopenedourdoortotheworld,wehaveattractedandinfluencedbythingsfromothercultures,suchasjeans,countrymusicandfastfood.Wehaveshownsuchinterestinthemthatsomepeople,especiallytheyoungergeneration,becomecrazyaboutthem.Themoreexotictheyare,themorefashionabletheyseemtobe.Now,nationalculturebeguntoshowitscharmandgainpopularityallovertheworld.Ournationalcostume,justasshowninthepicture,BeijingOpera,CrossTalk,forexample,havewonfavorwithalotofforeigners.Asnationalculturebecomesinternationalculture,peopleintheworldbetterunderstandeachother.Weareallvillagersinthisglobalvillage.Mutualrespectandunderstandingmakethisworldabetterplacetolivein.2001年考研英語真題答案SectionII:ClozeText(10points)31. [D] 32. [A] 33. [D] 34. [B] 35. [A]36. [C] 37. [D] 38. [B] 39. [B] 40. [A]41. [B] 42. [C] 43. [B] 44. [A] 45. [C]46. [A] 47. [D] 48. [C] 49. [D] 50. [C]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)51. [D] 52. [B] 53. [A] 54. [C] 55. [C]56. [A] 57. [D] 58. [A] 59. [B] 60. [D]61. [C] 62. [A] 63. [C] 64. [A] 65. [D]66. [B] 67. [B] 68. [B] 69. [C] 70. [D]SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)71. 屆時(shí)，將出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目以及裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車，一旦這些汽車排污超標(biāo)(違規(guī))，監(jiān)控器就會(huì)使其停駛。72. 兒童將與裝有個(gè)性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有個(gè)性內(nèi)置的計(jì)算機(jī)將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具，人們將在氣味電視機(jī)前休閑，屆時(shí)數(shù)字體時(shí)代就來到了。73. 皮爾森聚集世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的成果，編制了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的新技術(shù)千年歷，它列出了人們有望看到數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期。74. 但皮爾森指出，這個(gè)突破僅僅是人機(jī)一體化的開始：“它是人機(jī)一體化漫長之路的第一步，最終會(huì)使人們?cè)谙率兰o(jì)末之前就研制出完全電子化的仿真人。〞75. 家用電器將會(huì)變得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它們會(huì)引發(fā)一種新的心理疾病--廚房狂躁。SectionV:Writing(20points)76. 參考范文Thispictureisasymbolthattellsushowweshoulduseourlove:ourloveislikealamp;thedarkertheplace,thebrighterthelight.Indeed,loveismostpreciouswhenitisofferedtosomeonewhoisindifficulty.Icantellyouarealstoryhere.WhenIwasachild,myfamilymovedtothecountryside.Amongournewneighborswasaparalyzedwoman.Asaninnocentchild,Isomehowshowedsomeinterestinher.WhenIhadtime,Iwouldtoseeher.WhenIhadsomethingtoeat,Iwouldlethersharewithme.Onedayshesuddenlysaidtome,tearinhereyes,“IwillblessyouwhenIaminheaven.〞Iknewmyloveforherhadworkedwonders,forIhadneverheardherspeakingandIthoughtshehadlostherabilitytospeak.HerblessingmayhavereallyworkedforIhavebeenaluckypersoninworkandinlife.AsfarasIunderstand,loveissympathyandsinceritythatneedsnotbeexpressedintermsofmoneyorsweetwords.Astheproverbgoes,“ahandmaysmellfragrantwhenitgivesrosestoothers.〞Ibelieveloveisthemostpreciousthingintheworldandweshouldgiveittothosewhoneeditmost.2000年參考答案：

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[C]52.[D]53.[B]54.[A]55.[C]

56.[B]57.[A]58.[D]59.[B]60.[A]

61.[C]62.[D]63.[B]64.[D]65.[C]

66.[A]67.[A]68.[C]69.[D]70.[B]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要程度不同的中央控制，從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业膮f(xié)助。

72.再者，顯而易見的是一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高那么又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。

73.群眾通訊的顯著開展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗的思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

74.在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久，而如今一個(gè)開展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過程。

75.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流動(dòng)相對(duì)容易)造成的種種問題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

SectionV:Writing(15points)

76.參考范文

Thesetwopicturesdisplayasharpcontrast:therewerealotoffishwithonefishingboatintheseain1900whilethesituationwasjusttheoppositein1995.obviously,thefishingindustrywasfacingamajorproblem,withalltheoceanresourcesbeingexhaustedsoquickly.

Thedrawerisnotexaggeratingorjokingaboutcommercialfishing.Onthecontrary,heisseriouslywarningusthatourwayofthinkingandwaysofdoingthingsareunreasonableanddangerous.Ourresourcesarelimitedandourecosystemneedscarefulconsiderationandprotection.Ifweonlycareaboutthepresent,wewillsufferinthefuture.It’sjustlikebuildingfriendshipandsavingmoney:themoreyouputintoit,themoreyoucanget;themoreyoutakeout,thelessitisleft.

Measuresshouldbetakenifsuchdisappointingsituationistobeavoided.Isuggestthatgovernmentmakelawsandregulationstoguideandsupervisepeople’sfishingactivity,punishingthosewhoonlycareabouttheirowninterestandbringharmtoothersandtheenvironment.Ialsoappealtothepublicthatmoneyisnottheonlythingwecanpursueandfishisnottheonlyfoodwecaneat.Whetherforthebenefitofthehumanraceorfortheinterestofourown,weshouldshowconcernforothersandmakeplansforthefuture.Onlyinthiswaycanwelivehappilyandaffluently1999年參考答案：

SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)

41.[D]42.[A]43.[B]44.[A]45.[B]

46.[C]47.[D]48.[C]49.[A]50.[D]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[B]52.[C]53.[A]54.[D]55.[A]

56.[C]57.[D]58.[B]59.[B]60.[D]

61.[C]62.[A]63.[B]64.[C]65.[D]

66.[A]67.[A]68.[B]69.[D]70.[A]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實(shí)并對(duì)其做出解釋。

72.人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門學(xué)問。

73.在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中，歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時(shí)，那些解釋新史料的新方法充實(shí)了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。

74.所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對(duì)此意見不一。

75.這種謬誤同樣存在于歷史傳統(tǒng)派和歷史社科派；前者認(rèn)為歷史就是史學(xué)界內(nèi)部和外部人士對(duì)各種史料來源的評(píng)論，后者認(rèn)為歷史的研究是具體方法的研究。

SectionV:Writing(15points)

76.參考范文

ThetwographstellussomethingaboutpopulationgrowthandwildlifeextinctionintheU.S.From1800,theAmericanpopulationhasbeengrowingallthetime.Inthe100yearsfrom1600to1700,thenumberofwildlifespeciesremainedalmoststable,withthenext200yearswitnessingagrowingtrendinwildlifeextinction.Itcanbeeasilyseenthatthemorethehumanbeings,thefewertheanimalspecies.

Theremaybeseveralreasonsforthiseffect.First,ashumanpopulationexpands,moreandmorewildanimalsarehuntedforfood.Second,duetoallkindsofpollutionandthedamageofecosystemcausedbyman,someanimalshavenowheretolive.Third,someanimalsareofgreatmedicalvalue,theybecomethetargetsformakingmoney.

Itistimewetooksomemeasurestostopthisdisturbingtrend.Ononehand,governmentshouldpasssomelawsandregulationstopreventpeoplefromkillingmorewildanimalsandforbidfurtherdamagetoourenvironment.Ontheotherhand,weshouldcultivatetheawarenessthatanimalsareourfriendsandtheirextinctionposesathreatratherthanbringsbenefitstous.Onlywhenhumanbeingsliveinharmonywithallkindsofanimalscanwereallybuildabeautifulandhealthyworld.1998年參考答案：

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[C]52.[D]53.[D]54.[C]55.[A]

56.[B]57.[B]58.[A]59.[C]60.[D]

61.[A]62.[A]63.[B]64.[C]65.[D]

66.[C]67.[B]68.[B]69.[D]70.[C]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測(cè)到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的過去的景象，因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。

72.巨大的宇宙云的存在，實(shí)際上是使二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導(dǎo)地位所不可缺少的。

73.天體物理學(xué)家使用南極陸基探測(cè)器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測(cè)這些云系，也許不久會(huì)報(bào)告他們的觀測(cè)結(jié)果。

74.假設(shè)那些小熱點(diǎn)看上去同預(yù)計(jì)的一致，那就意味著又一科學(xué)論說的勝利，這種論說即更完美的大爆炸論，亦稱宇宙膨脹說。

75.宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特，但它是根本粒子物理學(xué)中一些公認(rèn)的理論在科學(xué)上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學(xué)家七、八年來一直認(rèn)為這一論說是正確的。

SectionV:Writing(15points)

76.參考范文

Recently,moreandmorepeoplehaveseenvarietiesofpromiseseitherfromTV,newspaperorfromothermedia.Asisshowninthecartoon,evenahenhaslearnedhowtopromise.Weallknowthathen’sdutyistolayeggswhichshouldundoubtedlyconsistofmostelementarypart.Butthehenpromiseswhatsheshoulddo!

(圖畫點(diǎn)題,夾敘夾議)

Withthedevelopmentofthesocietyandtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,moreandmoreattentionshouldbepaidtotheimprovementofqualityofservice.Therefore,manyenterprisesanddepartmentspromisetobettertheirservicessoastomeetthepeople’sneedbetter.Theyarealsopleasedtoinvitepeopletosupervisewhattheyhavedoneandwilldo.Butmuchtooursurprise,someofthemjustsaysomethingthattheyshoulddo.Thesepromisesareonlylaughedatbypeople.

(解釋配詩,又有議論)

Inmyopinion,doingmoreisbetterthanpromisingmore,becausepeoplearewillingtobeservedreally.Allweshouldlaymoreemphasisonwhatwedoandhowwecanvirtuallyimprovethelevelofservice.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakepeoplesatisfiedwithwhatwedo.

(發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn))

評(píng)語：內(nèi)容切題,包括圖畫的全部信息；清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵,文字連貫；句式有變化,句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確,文章長度符合要求。本作文得13分1997碩士研究生入學(xué)考試答案SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)

41.[A]42.[C]43.[D]44.[A]45.[B]

46.[D]47.[C]48.[B]49.[A]50.[D]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[D]52.[B]53.[A]54.[C]55.[D]

56.[A]57.[C]58.[B]59.[D]60.[A]

61.[A]62.[B]63.[C]64.[D]65.[B]

66.[A]67.[C]68.[B]69.[A]70.[D]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.事實(shí)并非如此,因?yàn)檫@種問法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同認(rèn)識(shí)為根底的,而這種共同認(rèn)識(shí)并不存在。

72.有些哲學(xué)家論證說,權(quán)利只存在在于社會(huì)契約中,是責(zé)任與權(quán)益相交換的一局部。

73.這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端,它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無情。

74.這類人持極端看法,認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同,對(duì)待動(dòng)物無須考慮道德問題。

75.這種反響并不錯(cuò),這是人類用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用,這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì),而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄。

SectionV:Writing(15points)

76.參考范文

例文一

Wemeetsmokerseverywhere:inthestreets,oncollegecampusesandinshops.Thereare5.8billionpeopleintheworld,andthesmokersareabout1.1billion,whichmakesup20percentoftheworld’stotalpopulation.

Smokingisveryharmful.Ithinktherearetwomainaspectstothedamage.First,smokingconsumesagreatdealofmoney.Asisshowninthepictorialgraph,smokingwastes200billiondollarseachyearintheworld.Second,smokingdoesharmtothehealthofsmokers,anditisthemaincauseoflungcancer.About3millionpeoplediebecauseoftherelevantdiseasesderivedfromsmokingeveryyear.

Becausemoreandmorepeopleareawareofthegreatharmofsmokingtohumans,theamountoftobaccoconsumptionisonthedecrease.Fromthefollowingfigureswecanclearlyseethetendency.Thetotalamountofworldtobaccoproductionaddedupto14.364billionpoundsin1994,butitdroppedto14.2billionpoundsin1995.Atthesametime,manycountriescallonpeopletogiveupsmoking.Soitiscertainthatthenumberofsmokersistodecrease.

例文二

AboutTobaccoConsumption

Fromtheabovesetofpictures,wecanseethattherewereatotalof14.364billionpoundsoftobaccoproducedin1994and14.2billionpoundsin1995.Becausetheamountoftobaccoproductionisfallingyearly,itcanbepredictedthatthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionwouldalsobefallingyearly.Therearemanyreasons.Firstly,smokingwastesmoney.Everyyeartherearetwohundredbilliondollars“burnt〞inthecigarette“fire.〞Secondly,smokingwouldhardlydopeopleanygoodanditcanevencausecancer.Everyyeartherearethreemillionpeople“buried〞inthecigarette“tomb〞.

Althoughtobaccoconsumptionisfalling,therearetoomanypeoplewhosmoke.Thepopulationintheworldis5.8billion,butabouttwentypercentofthepopulation,thatistosay1.1billionpeople,smoke.Sothesituationisseriousandthemovementagainstsmokingisstilladifficulttask.1996年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試答案

SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)

41.[C]42.[D]43.[A]44.[B]45.[C]

46.[A]47.[D]48.[B]49.[C]50.[A]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[B]52.[A]53.[D]54.[A]55.[B]

56.[C]57.[C]58.[D]59.[C]60.[A]

61.[C]62.[D]63.[D]64.[A]65.[B]

66.[A]67.[D]68.[B]69.[B]70.[A]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來自社會(huì)需求；另一些那么是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定開展的必然結(jié)果。

72.這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。

73.給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)但將來可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持，看來通常能有效地解決這個(gè)問題。

74.然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。

75.同過去一樣，將來必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對(duì)象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

SectionV:Writing(15points)

76.參考范文

GOODHEALTH

Whereveryouareandwhateveryoudo,stayinghealthyisalwaysimportant.Withtheimprovementofourlivingstandards,peopleareattachingmoreandmoreimportancetotheirhealth.Westudentscan’tkeepthehighstudyefficiencywithoutgoodhealth.Thesamethingistruewithworkers,scientistsanddoctors.

Inmyopinion,gooddietandexercisesaretwomajorwaystokeephealthy.Thefoodweeateverydaymustberationalandshouldincludemeat,vegetables,eggs,andfruit.Itisimportanttodrinkwatereverydayandnottogetaddictedtodrinkingcoffeeorsomeothersoftdrinks.Exercisingeverydayisalsoessentialforustostayhealthy.Wecanridebicycles,playtennisorswim.Ofcoursewedon’tneedtoexhaustourselves.Weshouldplanourphysicalexercisesaccordingtoouractualcondition.Anhouradayisenough.

Asauniversitystudent,Ihavemuchfreetimetodoexercises.Iusuallyplaybadmintonandtennis.ButsometimesIamlazyanddonotexerciseforallkindsofexcuses,suchascoldweatherandexams.Imustcorrectit.Iamalsocarefulwithmydiet.Inaway,keepinghealthyisnotveryhard,ifyoujusttakeitseriously.1995年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試答案

SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)

41.[B]42.[C]43.[C]44.[B]45.[D]

46.[C]47.[A]48.[D]49.[A]50.[B]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[D]52.[A]53.[D]54.[C]55.[A]

56.[C]57.[A]58.[D]59.[B]60.[C]

61.[A]62.[D]63.[C]64.[B]65.[B]

66.[C]67.[D]68.[B]69.[A]70.[B]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類測(cè)試時(shí)，批評(píng)者不考慮其弊病來自人們對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。

72.這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。

73.因此，在某一特定情況下，究竟是采用測(cè)試還是其他種類的信息，或是兩者同時(shí)使用，須憑有關(guān)相對(duì)效度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)依據(jù)而定，也取決于諸如費(fèi)用和有無來源等因素。

74.一般地說，當(dāng)所要測(cè)定的特征能很精確地界定時(shí)，測(cè)試最為有效；而當(dāng)所要測(cè)定或預(yù)測(cè)的東西不能明確地界定時(shí)，測(cè)試的效果那么最差。

75.例如，測(cè)試并不彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公；因此，它們不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長的話，會(huì)有多大才干。1994年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試答案

SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)

41.[A]42.[C]43.[B]44.[D]45.[C]

46.[A]47.[B]48.[C]49.[D]50.[D]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[D]52.[D]53.[A]54.[C]55.[B]

56.[C]57.[B]58.[B]59.[A]60.[C]

61.[D]62.[A]63.[D]64.[D]65.[B]

66.[C]67.[A]68.[C]69.[B]70.[B]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.他們(新學(xué)派科學(xué)家們)說，科學(xué)的開展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼識(shí)，不如說源于改良了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普通的東西。

72.新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說：“簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們所稱謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改良、創(chuàng)造和使用，這些改良、創(chuàng)造和使用使科學(xué)開展的范圍無所不及。〞

73.工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們無視了。

74.伽里略的最光芒的業(yè)績?cè)谟谒?609年第一個(gè)把新創(chuàng)造的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空，以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，而不是圍繞地球。

75.政府究竟是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量。1993年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試答案SectionII:ReadingComprehension(30points)

31.[B]32.[C]33.[C]34.[B]35.[D]

36.[C]37.[D]38.[D]39.[C]40.[B]

41.[D]42.[C]43.[B]44.[A]45.[A]

SectionIII:ClozeTest(15points)

46.[B]47.[D]48.[A]49.[B]50.[D]

51.[C]52.[A]53.[C]54.[B]55.[D]

56.[A]57.[B]58.[D]59.[C]60.[B]

SectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)

61.[C]made62.[A]educationally

63.[A]havetaken64.[B](should)beassigned

65.[B]written66.[A]havingblamed

67.[B]haveweseen68.[C]intothewriting

69.[D]topaythem70.[C]withtheresult

SectionV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。

72.這并不是說面包師或賣肉者所用的磅秤和化學(xué)家所用的天平在構(gòu)造原理或工作方式上存在差異，而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計(jì)量上必然更準(zhǔn)確得多。

73.你們都屢次聽說過，科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的，他們用這些方法，在某種意義上說，力求從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律，然后他們根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng)，建立起他們的理論。

74.許多人以為，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。

75.在座的諸位中，大概不會(huì)有人一整天都沒有時(shí)機(jī)進(jìn)行一連串復(fù)雜的思考活動(dòng)，這些思考活動(dòng)與科學(xué)家在探索自然現(xiàn)象原因時(shí)所經(jīng)歷的思考活動(dòng)，盡管復(fù)雜程度不同，但在類型上是完全一樣的。1992年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試答案

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(30points)

31.[C]32.[D]33.[A]34.[B]35.[B]

36.[D]37.[D]38.[D]39.[A]40.[D]

41.[C]42.[B]43.[A]44.[C]45.[A]

SectionIII:ClozeTest(15points)

46.[D]47.[A]48.[B]49.[B]50.[C]

51.[C]52.[A]53.[D]54.[D]55.[A]

56.[C]57.[A]58.[B]59.[B]60.[C]

SectionV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.人們對(duì)智力這個(gè)詞所指的不同表現(xiàn)意見比擬一致，而對(duì)這些表現(xiàn)如何解釋或分類那么有不同的看法。

72.批評(píng)智力測(cè)試不反映上述情況，猶如批評(píng)溫度計(jì)不能測(cè)風(fēng)速一樣。

73.既然對(duì)智力的評(píng)估是比擬而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對(duì)我們的對(duì)象進(jìn)行比擬時(shí)，我們所用的尺度能提供“有效的〞或“公平的〞比擬。

74.如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比擬的話，那么對(duì)所有被比擬者來說，前兩個(gè)因素必須是一樣的。

75.總的來說，得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的，但是必須具備兩個(gè)條件：能夠假定這個(gè)孩子對(duì)測(cè)試的態(tài)度和與他比擬的另一個(gè)孩子的態(tài)度相同；他也沒有因?yàn)槿狈e的孩子所具有的有關(guān)知識(shí)而受影響。

SectionVI:Writing(15points)

76.參考范文

ForABetterUnderstandingBetweenParentAndChild

Nowadays,thereisoftenalackofunderstandingbetweenparentandchild.Onegenerationoftenfeelsthatitsstyleoflifeisdifferentfromanothergeneration’sstyle.Thefeelingthateachfamilyunitshouldhaveaseparateresidenceischaracteristic.Noonewantstointrudeorbeintrudedupon.Bothparentsandchildfeelthattheother’spresencewouldupsetandchangethenormalroutine.

Oneofthereasonsforpresentsituationisthattherearedifferentlikesanddislikesbetweenparentsandchild.Forexample,thechildlikesglitteringdisco,rock-and-rollmusicorlovesmoviesforhisentertainmentatnightwhiletheparentslikepeacefulenvironmentandphysicalexercises.Theywouldliketospendtheireveningsoflifeinhappiness.

Secondly,thereoftenexistsmisunderstandingbetweenparentandchild.Thechilddoesn’tknowwhathisparentthinksandacts,whiletheparentdoesn’tunderstandwhathischildrenwanttodo.Ingeneral,youngpeopleenjoyagreatdealoffreedom,whiletheirparentsalwayskeeptheirtraditionalstyleoflife.

Thirdly,childrenoftendonotfeelanequalshareofresponsibilitytowardtheirparents.Forexample,abrothersometimesfeelsthathissistersareresponsibleforphysicalcareoftheirparents.Onechildmayresentan