計算機雙語答案

計算機英語（第三版）劉藝王春生主編課后習題答案【一】

2010-04-1413:47

UnitOne/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron

2.input;output

3.VLSI

4.workstations;mainframes

5.vacuum;transistors

6.instructions;software

7.digit;eight;byte

8.microminiaturization;chip

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.artificialintelligence人工智能

2.paper-tapereader2氏帶閱讀?浮

3.opticalcomputer光計算機

4.neuralnetwork神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡

5.instructionset指令集

6.parallelprocessing并行處理

7.differenceengine差分機

8.versatilelogicalelement通用邏輯元件

9.siliconsubstrate硅襯底

10.vacuumtube真空管

11.數(shù)據(jù)的存儲與處理thestorageandhandlingofdata

12.超大規(guī)模集成電路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit

13.中央處理器centralprocessingunit

14.個人計算機personalcomputer

15.模擬計算機analoguecomputer

16.數(shù)字計算機digitalcomputer

17.通用計算機general-purposecomputer

18.處理器芯片processorchip

19.操作指令operatinginstructions

20.輸入設備inputdevice

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthe

followinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,

storesdata,and

producesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersare

eitheranalogordigital.

Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,

ormicrocomputers.

Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,this

categorizationprovidessome

indicationofthecomputer?sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.

Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.

First-generation

computersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC(通用自動計算機),

introducedinthe

early1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,

appearinginthe

early1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.In

third-generation

computers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplaced

transistors.Infourth-generation

computerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,

large-scale

integrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.

Fifth-generation

computersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwith

sophisticatedapproaches

tocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributed

processing.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

計算機將變得更加先進，也將變得更加容易使用。語音識別的改進將使計算機

的操

作更加容易。虛擬現(xiàn)實，即使用所有人類官能與計算機進行交互的技術，也將

有助于創(chuàng)

建更好的人機接口。人們正在開發(fā)其他的奇異計算模型，包括使用生物機體的

生物計算、

使用具有特定屬性的分子的分子計算，以及使用遺傳基本單位DNA（脫氧核糖

核酸）存

儲數(shù)據(jù)和執(zhí)行操作的計算。這些都是可能的未來計算平臺的例子，而它們迄今

還能力有

限或完全屬于理論范疇。科學家們研究它們，是因為嵌入硅中的電路的微小型

化受到物

理限制。還有一些限制與甚至最微小的晶體管也會產(chǎn)生的熱量有關。

UnitOne/SectionB

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.experimentation

2.interfacing

3.interdisciplinary

4.microprocessor

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.artificialneuralnetwork人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡

2.computerarchitecture計算機體系結(jié)構(gòu)

3.robustcomputerprogram健壯的計算機程序

4.human-computerinterface人機接口

5.knowledgerepresentation知識表示

6.數(shù)值分析numericalanalysis

7.程序設計環(huán)境programmingenvironment

8.數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)datastructure

9.存儲和檢索信息storeandretrieveinformation

10.虛擬現(xiàn)實virtualreality

UnitOne/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.format

2.synchronization

3.virtual

4.multimedia;third-party

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.datafield數(shù)據(jù)字段，數(shù)據(jù)域

2.learningcurve學習曲線

3.third-partysolution第三方解決方案

4.WindowsMediaPlayerWindows媒體播放器

5.開始按鈕Startbutton

6.指定輸入?yún)^(qū)designatedinputarea

7.手寫體識別系統(tǒng)handwriting-recognitionsystem

8.字符集characterset

UnitTwo:ComputerArchitecture

UnitTwo/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.input;output;storage

2.BasicInput/OutputSystem

3.flatbedscanners;hand-heldscanners

4.LCD-based

5.dot-matrixprinters;inkjetprinters

6.diskdrives;memory

7.volatile

8.serial;parallel

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.functionkey功能鍵，操作鍵

2.voicerecognitionmodule語音識別模塊

3.touch-sensitiveregion觸敏區(qū)

4.addressbus地址總線

5.flatbedscanner平板掃描儀

6.dot-matrixprinter點陣打印機(針式打印機)

7.parallelconnection并行連接

8.cathoderaytube陰極射線管

9.videogame電子游戲

10.audiosignal音頻信號

11.操作系統(tǒng)operatingsystem

12.液晶顯示(器)LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)

13.噴墨打印機inkjetprinter

14.數(shù)據(jù)總線databus

15.串彳亍連接serialconnection

16.易失性存儲器volatilememory

17.激光打印機laserprinter

18.磁盤驅(qū)動器diskdrive

19.基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)

20.視頻顯示器videodisplay

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthe

followinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiscread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandhard

disks,

whichusemagneticchargestorepresentIsandOs,opticaldiscsuse

reflectedlight.Ona

CD-ROMdisc,IsandOsarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpy（高低

不平的）areas（called

“pits"）onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiscisreadbyalaserthat

projectsatinybeamof

lightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhether

thearearepresentsa1

ora0.

LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”

disc.

Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,you

asauserhave

accessonlytothedataimprinted（壓印）bythepublisher.

AsingleCD-ROMdisccanstore650megabytes（3匕字節(jié)）ofdata.Thatis

equivalentto

451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisc,thetime

toretrieveoraccess

theinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROM

drivesistheir

accessrate.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

調(diào)制解調(diào)器是在模擬和數(shù)字信號之間進行轉(zhuǎn)換的設備。計算機使用的是數(shù)字信

號，

這種信號由離散單元組成，通常用一系列1和。表示。模擬信號是連續(xù)變化的；

聲波就是

模擬信號的一個例子。調(diào)制解調(diào)器經(jīng)常用于實現(xiàn)計算機之間通過電話線的互相

通信。調(diào)

制解調(diào)器將發(fā)送端計算機的數(shù)字信號轉(zhuǎn)換成可通過電話線傳輸?shù)哪M信號。信

號到達目

的地后，另外一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器重構(gòu)原來的數(shù)字信號，供接收端計算機處理。如

果兩個調(diào)

制解調(diào)器可同時互相發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，那么它們采用的就是全雙工工作方式；如果一

次只有一

個調(diào)制解調(diào)器可以發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，那么它們采用的則是半雙工工作方式。

UnitTwo/SectionB

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.graphical

2.file;scheduler

3.virtual

4.slice

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.interrupthandler中斷處理程序

2.virtualmemory虛擬存儲（器），虛存，虛擬內(nèi)存

3.contextswitch上下文轉(zhuǎn)換，語境轉(zhuǎn)換

4.mainmemory主存（儲器）

5.bitpattern位模式

6.外圍設備peripheraldevice

7.進程表processtable

8.時間片timeslice

9.圖形用戶界面graphicaluserinterface

10.海量存儲器massstorage

UnitTwo/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.repository

2.central;sub-systems

3.network

4.layered或abstractmachine

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.codegenerator代碼生成程序，代碼發(fā)生器

2.abstractmachine抽象機

3.programeditor程序編輯程序，程序編輯器

4.configurationitem酉己置項

5.計算機輔助設計CAD(computer-aideddesign)

6.數(shù)據(jù)冗余dataredundancy

7.指揮與控制系統(tǒng)commandandcontrolsystem

8.視頻壓縮與解壓縮videocompressionanddecompression

UnitThree:ComputerLanguageandProgramming

UnitThree/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.artificial;instructions

2.low-level;high-level

3.machine

4.machine

5.functional;logic

6.statement

7.module

8.digital

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.storageregister存儲寄存器

2.functionstatement函數(shù)語句

3.programstatement程序語句

4.object-orientedlanguage面向?qū)ο笳Z言

5.assemblylanguage匯編語言

6.intermediatelanguage中間語言，中級語言

7.relationallanguage關系（型）語言

8.artificiallanguage人工語言

9.datadeclaration數(shù)據(jù)聲明

10.SQL結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言

11.可執(zhí)行程序executableprogram

12.程序模塊programmodule

13.條件語句conditionalstatement

14.賦值語句assignmentstatement

15.邏輯語言logiclanguage

16.機器語言machinelanguage

17.函數(shù)式語言functionallanguage

18.程序設計語言programminglanguage

19.運行計算機程序runacomputerprogram

20.計算機程序員computerprogrammer

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthe

followinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthe

computer.Itlets

theprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithout

regardto

machine-specificdetails.

ThedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageofOsandIs

ledfirsttothe

developmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstouse

mnemonics（助記符）

forinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethen

translatedbyaprogram

knownasanassemblerintothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Other

piecesofsystem

softwareknownaslinkingloaders（連接裝入程序）combinepiecesof

assembledcodeand

loadthemintothemachineJsmainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenready

forexecution.The

conceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceit

allowed“l(fā)ibraries”of

programstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks-afirststeptoward

theincreasingly

emphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobe

sufficiently

inconvenientthathigher-levellanguages(closertonaturallanguages)

wereinventedinthe

1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedfor

compilers,programs

thattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.As

programminglanguages

becamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthat

createhigh-qualitycode

intermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninteresting

computerscience

probleminitself.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O計語言，如C++和Java,基于傳統(tǒng)的高級語言，但它們使程序

設計

員能夠從合作對象集而非命令列表的角度進行思考。諸如圓之類的對象具有像

圓的半徑

一類的屬性，以及在計算機屏幕上繪制該對象的命令。一個對象類可以從其他

的對象類

繼承特征。例如，定義正方形的類可以從定義長方形的類那里繼承直角等特征。

這一套

程序設計類簡化了程序設計員的工作，帶來了更多“可復用的”計算機代碼。

可復用代

碼使程序設計員可以使用已經(jīng)設計、編寫和測試的代碼。這使得程序設計員的

工作變得

比較容易，并帶來更加可靠和高效的程序。

UnitThree/SectionB

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.objects

2.platform-independent

3.multithreading

4.runtime

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.nativecode本機（代）碼

2.headerfile頭標文件；頁眉文件

3.multithreadedprogram多線程程序

4.Java-enabledbrowser支持Java的瀏覽器

5.maliciouscode惡意代碼

6.機器碼machinecode

7.匯編碼assemblycode

8.特洛伊木馬程序Trojanhorse

9.軟件包softwarepackage

10.類層次classhierarchy

UnitThree/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.subscript;index

2.fixed

3.histogram

4.two-dimensional

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.barchart條形圖

2.frequencyarray頻率數(shù)組

3.graphicalrepresentation圖形表示

4.multidimensionalarray多維數(shù)組

5.用戶視圖users)view

6.下標形式subscriptform

7.—1維數(shù)組one-dimensionalarray

8.編程結(jié)構(gòu)programmingconstruct

UnitFour:SoftwareDevelopment

UnitFour/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.application;operating

2.assemblers

3.compiler

4.interpreter

5.debugger

6.loop

7.devicedriver

8.JohnvonNeumann

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.inferenceengine推理到L

2.systemcall系統(tǒng)調(diào)用

3.compiledlanguage編譯執(zhí)行的語言

4.parallelcomputing并彳亍if算

5.patternmatching模式匹配

6.memorylocation存儲單元

7.interpreterprogram解釋程序

8.libraryroutine庫程序，程序庫例行程序

9.intermediateprogram中間程序，過渡程序

10.sourcefile源文件

11.解釋執(zhí)行的語言interpretedlanguage

12.設備驅(qū)動程序devicedriver

13.源程序sourceprogram

14.調(diào)試程序debuggingprogram

15.目標代碼objectcode

16.應用程序applicationprogram

17.實用程序utilityprogram

18.邏輯程序logicprogram

19.墨盒inkcartridge

20.程序的存儲與執(zhí)行programstorageandexecution

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthe

followinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslates

sourcecodeinto

objectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-level

programminglanguages

thatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesource

code,butneeda

compilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguage

calledmachinecode.

Compilerscollectandreorganize(compile)alltheinstructionsina

givensetofsource

codetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilar

toacomputer1s

machinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,

thecomputercanrun

theprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.If

theobjectcodeisnot

inmachinelanguage,otherprograms一suchasassemblers,binders(聯(lián)

編程序)，linkers,and

loaders(加載程序)一finishthetranslation.

Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfor

differenttypesof

computersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferent

compilersforpersonal

computers(PC)andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferent

manufacturersoftenproduce

versionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,socompilersforalanguage

mayvarybetween

manufacturers.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

在軟件中，錯誤是指導致程序發(fā)生故障或產(chǎn)生不正確結(jié)果的編碼或邏輯錯誤。

較輕

微的錯誤，如光標表現(xiàn)異常，會造成不便或帶來挫折，但不會對信息產(chǎn)生破壞

性影響。

較嚴重的錯誤會導致程序“中止”（對命令停止反應），可能使用戶別無選擇,

只能重新

啟動程序，結(jié)果致使任何前面已經(jīng)做好但尚未保存的工作丟失。兩種情況無論

是哪一種，

程序員都必須憑借稱為調(diào)試的過程，發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯誤。由于錯誤對重要數(shù)據(jù)的

潛在危險，

商用應用程序在發(fā)行前要經(jīng)過盡可能全面的測試與調(diào)試。程序發(fā)行后發(fā)現(xiàn)的較

輕微錯誤

在下一次更新時改正；較嚴重的錯誤有時可用稱為補丁的特殊軟件加以修補，

以規(guī)避問

題或減輕其影響。

UnitFour/SectionB

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.Machine

2.developers;components

3.CORBA

4.runtime

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.messagingmodel消息接發(fā)模型

2.commonlanguageruntime通用語言運行時刻（環(huán)境）

3.hierarchicalnamespace分層名稱空間

4.developmentcommunity開發(fā)界

5.CORBA公用對象請求代理（程序）體系結(jié)構(gòu)

6.基本組件basecomponent

7,元數(shù)據(jù)標記metadatatag

8.虛擬機virtualmachine

9.集成開發(fā)環(huán)境IDE(integrateddevelopmentenvironment)

10.簡單對象訪問協(xié)議SOAP(SimpleObjectAccessProtocol)

UnitFour/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.heterogeneous

2.asynchronous

3.bridges

4.openness

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.procedurecall過程調(diào)用

2.faulttolerance容錯

3.homogeneoussystem同構(gòu)系統(tǒng)

4.autonomousagent自主主體

5.路由算法routingalgorithm

6.異構(gòu)型環(huán)境heterogeneousenvironment

7.多址通信協(xié)議multicastprotocol

8.通信鏈路communication(s)link

UnitFive:SoftwareProcess

UnitFive/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.off-the-shelf

2.exclusive

3.cascade

4.requirements;integration

5.throwaway

6.immediate;stable

7.reuse-oriented;framework

8.software;compromises

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.systemspecification系統(tǒng)規(guī)格說明

2.unittesting單位（或單元、部件）測試

3.softwarelifecycle軟件生命周期（或生存周期）

4.systemvalidationtesting系統(tǒng)驗證測試

5.evolutionarydevelopmentprocess演化開發(fā)過程

6.simplelinearmodel簡單線性模型

7.programunit程序單元

8.throwawayprototype拋棄式原型

9.textformatting正文格式編排，文本格式化

10.systemevolution系統(tǒng)演變

11.系統(tǒng)設計范例systemdesignparadigm

12.需求分析與定義requirementsanalysisanddefinition

13.探索式編程方法exploratoryprogrammingapproach

14.系統(tǒng)文件編制systemdocumentation

15.瀑布模型waterfallmodel

16.系統(tǒng)集成systemintegration

17.商用現(xiàn)成軟件commercialoff-the-shelf(或COTS)software

18.基于組件的軟件工程component-basedsoftwareengineering(CBSE)

19.軟件維護工具softwaremaintenancetool

20.軟件復用softwarereuse

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthe

followinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Therearethreedifferenttypesofsoftwaremaintenance.Firstly,there

ismaintenanceto

repairsoftwarefaults.Codingerrorsareusuallyrelativelycheapto

correct;designerrorsare

moreexpensiveastheymayinvolverewritingseveralprogramcomponents.

Requirements

errorsarethemostexpensivetorepairbecauseoftheextensivesystem

redesignthatmaybe

necessary.Secondly,thereismaintenancetoadaptthesoftwaretoa

differentoperating

environment.Thistypeofmaintenanceisrequiredwhensomeaspectof

thesystem's

environmentsuchasthehardware,theplatformoperatingsystemorother

supportsoftware

changes.Theapplicationsystemmustbemodifiedtoadaptittocopewith

theseenvironmental

changes.Andthirdly,thereismaintenancetoaddtoormodifythe

system'sfunctionality.

Thistypeofmaintenanceisnecessarywhenthesystemrequirementschange

inresponseto

organizationalorbusinesschange.Thescaleofthechangesrequiredto

thesoftwareisoften

muchgreaterthanfortheothertypesofmaintenance.Inpractice,there

isn'taclear-cut

distinctionbetweenthesetypesofmaintenance.Whenyouadaptthesystem

toanew

environment,youmayaddfunctionalitytotakeadvantageofnew

environmentalfeatures.

Softwarefaultsareoftenexposedbecauseusersusethesystemin

unanticipatedways.

Changingthesystemtoaccommodatetheirwayofworkingisthebestway

tofixthesefaults.

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:

軟件過程比較復雜，而且像所有其他的智能和創(chuàng)造性過程一樣，依靠人們作出

決定

和判斷。由于需要判斷和創(chuàng)造性，使軟件過程自動化的嘗試只取得了有限的成

功。計算

機輔助軟件工程工具可支持軟件過程的某些活動。然而，至少是在未來幾年內(nèi)，

不可能

實現(xiàn)更廣泛的軟件過程自動化，使軟件能夠接替參與軟件過程的工程師來從事

創(chuàng)造性設

計。

計算機輔助軟件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是軟件過程多種多樣。不存

在理

想的過程，而且許多組織機構(gòu)發(fā)展了自己的軟件開發(fā)方法。這些軟件過程不斷

演變，以

利用組織機構(gòu)中的人員的能力和開發(fā)中的系統(tǒng)的具體特點。對于?些系統(tǒng)來

說，需要的

是一個高度結(jié)構(gòu)化的開發(fā)過程，而對于另外一些系統(tǒng)來說，一個靈活敏捷的過

程很可能

更為有效。

UnitFive/SectionB

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.entity

2.duration

3.data;process或process;data

4.implemented

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.checkbox復選框，選擇框，校驗框

2.structureddesign結(jié)構(gòu)化設計

3.buildingblock積木塊，構(gòu)建模塊，構(gòu)件

4.databaseschema數(shù)據(jù)庫模式

5.radiobutton單選(按)鈕

6.系統(tǒng)建模技術systemmodelingtechnique

7.模型驅(qū)動開發(fā)model-drivendevelopment

8.數(shù)據(jù)流程圖dataflowdiagram

9.下拉式菜單drop-down(或pull-down)menu

10.滾動條scrollbar

UnitFive/SectionC

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.problem

2.consequences

3.design

4.specific;general

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.procedurallanguage過程語言

2.commondesignstructure通用設計結(jié)構(gòu)

3.classandobjectinteraction類與對象交互

4.designconstraint設計約束

5.設計模式designpattern

6.可復用軟件reusablesoftware

7.面向?qū)ο蟮南到y(tǒng)object-orientedsystem

8.繼承層次inheritancehierarchy

UnitSix:Database

UnitSix/SectionA

I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

1.flat

2.data

3.application;administrators

4.conceptual

5.tables

6.fragmented;replicated

7.structured

8.entity-relationship;attributes

II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChinese

andviceversa:

1.enduser最終用戶，終端用戶

2.atomicoperation原子操作

3.databaseadministrator數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員

4.relationaldatabasemodel關系數(shù)據(jù)庫模型

5.localdata本地數(shù)據(jù)

6.object-orienteddatabase面向?qū)ο髷?shù)據(jù)庫

7.databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)

8.entity-relationshipmodel(ERM)實體關系模型

9.distributeddatabase分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫

10.flatfile平面文件

11.二維表two-dimensionaltable

12.數(shù)據(jù)屬性dataattribute

13.數(shù)據(jù)庫對象databaseobject

14.存儲設備storagedevice

15.數(shù)據(jù)類型datatype

16.數(shù)據(jù)插入與刪除datainsertionanddeletion

17.層次數(shù)據(jù)庫模型hierarchicaldatabasemodel

18.數(shù)據(jù)庫體系結(jié)構(gòu)databasearchitecture

19.關系數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)relationaldatabasemanagementsystem(RDBMS)

20.全局控制總線globalcontrolbus

III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthe

followinglist,making

changesifnecessary:

Adatabaseisanycollectionofdataorganizedforstorageinacomputer

memoryand

designedforeasyaccessbyauthorizedusers.Thedatamaybeintheform

oftext,numbers,or

encodedgraphics.Smalldatabaseswerefirstdevelopedorfundedbythe

U.S.governmentfor

agencyorprofessionaluse.Inthe1960s,somedatabasesbecame

com