2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省茂名市電白區(qū)高一（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷

2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省茂名市電白區(qū)高一（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷得分注意事項(xiàng):

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。AIfyou'dliketogosightseeing，thefollowingWorldHeritagesites（世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)地）maybeyourbestchoices.

JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea

JiuzhaigouValley，whichliesinthenorthernpartofSichuanProvince，China，reachesaheightofmorethan4，800m，withaseriesofdifferentforestecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）.It'sparticularlyfamousforitsnarrowlandformsandexcellentwaterfalls.Some140kindsofbirdsalsoliveinthevalley，aswellasanumberofendangeredplantsandanimals，includingthegiantpanda.JiuzhaigouValleywasrecognizedasaWorldHeritagesitebyUNESCOin1992.

KhamiRuinsNationalMonument

ThecityofKhami，whichdevelopedafterthecapitalofGreatZimbabwehadbeengivenupinthemid-16thcentury，isofgreatarchaeological（考古的）interest.ThediscoveryofobjectsfromEuropeandChinashowsthatKhamiwasamajorcentrefortradeoveralongperiodoftime.ItjoinedtheWorldHeritageListin1986.

HendersonIsland

HendersonIsland，whichliesintheeasternSouthPacific，isoneofthefewatolls（環(huán)礁）intheworldwhoseecology（生態(tài)）hasbeenuntouchedbyhumans.

Itisparticularlyfamousforthe10plantsand4birdsthatcanonlybeseenontheisland.ItwasrecordedintheWorldHeritageListin1988.

OldCityofJerusalem

Asaholy（神圣的）cityforthreedifferentreligionsintheMiddleEast，Jerusalemhasalwaysbeenofgreatreligiousimportance.ItwasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1981andplacedonthe"WorldHeritageinDangerList"thefollowingyear.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutJiuzhaigouValley？______A.Itisfamousformanyancientobjects.

B.Wonderfulwaterfallscanbeseenthere.

C.Ithasbeenuntouchedbyhumanbeings.

D.ItliesintheeasternSouthPacific.2.Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthatJerusalem______.A.wasruinedinthemid-16thcentury

B.wasoncebusinesscenterfortrade

C.isaholycityforthreemajorreligions

D.hasover140kindsofbirdslivingthere3.Accordingtothepassage，whichWorldHeritagesitewasmostrecentlyset？______A.JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea.

B.KhamiRuinsNationalMonument.

C.OldCityofJerusalem.

D.HendersonIsland.BOnenight，PilarwasinadeepsleepwhenshewaswokenbyhercatInti.IntiwasmeowingwildlyoutsidePilar'sbedroomandthrowinghimselfagainsttheclosedbedroomdoor.WhenPilaropenedhereyes，shesawthatherbedroomwasfilledwithsmoke.AssheescapedherhousewithIntiinherarms，shesawthatafirewasburninginherkitchen.Pilarcouldeasilyhavelostherlife，butIntiwouldnotletthathappen.EventhoughInticouldhaveescapedthehousethroughacatdoor，hewouldn'tleavePilar.

Asamazingasthisstoryis，itisnotasuncommonasyoumaythink.TaketheexampleofCharlotteLeeandherhorse，Thunder.Onesummernight，，therewasaloudnoise.Charlottewokeupfromhersweetdream，andthenoisecontinued.Thensheheardahorserunningfasttowardsthehouse.ThenextthingshesawwasThunderstandingoutsideherwindow，neighing（嘶叫）andshakinghishead.Sheknewsomethingwaswrong.Charlottequicklygoteveryoneoutofthehousebeforetheearthquakehit.Thunderhassavedherlife.

，ToddEndriswassurfingwithhisfriendswhenhewasattackedbya13foot（4meter）shark.Inthemiddleoftheattack，agroupofdolphinscametohisrescuebyformingaprotectiveringaroundEndrisuntilhecouldgetsafelytoshore.Withoutthehelpofthedolphins，thereislittlechancethatToddcouldhaveescaped.

，itisclearthathumansandanimalsenjoyacloserelationship.Itisimportantthatwecareforthemasmuchaswecan.4.WhydidIntithrowhimselfagainstthedoor？______A.Hewastryingtowakeuphisowner.

B.Hewantedtogetoutoftheroom.

C.Hefeltboredandwasplayingbyhimself.

D.Hecouldn'tfindthewayoutbecauseofsmoke.5.Beforetheearthquakehit，Charlotte______.A.closedthewindows B.wassleepingdeeply

C.rantowarnherneighbors D.gotherhorseoutofthestable6.BothIntiandThunder______.A.wereshyandquiet B.usedtomakenoiseatnight

C.werebraveandsmart D.savedtheirownersseveraltimes7.WhichofthefollowingisprobablyTodd'sfeelingtowardsthedolphins？______A.Doubtful. B.Grateful. C.Frightened. D.Bored.CIfEnglishmeansendlessnewwords,difficultgrammarandsometimesstrangepronunciation,youarewrong.Haven'tyounoticedthatyouhavebecomesmartersinceyoustartedtolearnalanguage？

AccordingtoanewstudybyaBritishuniversity,learningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyourbrainpower.Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymatter.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinformation.Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles.

Thestudyalsofoundtheeffectisgreater,theyoungerpeoplelearnasecondlanguage.

AteamledbyDrAndreaMechelli,fromUniversityCollegeLondon,tookagroupofBritonswhoonlyspokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupof"earlybilinguals"whohadlearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffive,aswellasanumberoflaterlearners.

Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity（密度）inthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguage.Butthelongerapersonwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguage,thesmallerthedifference.

"Ourfindingssuggestthatthestructureofthebrainischangedbytheexperienceoflearningasecondlanguage,"saidthescientists.

Itmeansthatthechangeitselfincreasestheabilitytolearn.

ProfessorDylanVaughanJonesoftheUniversityofWales,hasresearchedthelinkbetweenbilingualismandmathsskills."Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible（靈活的），"hesaid."Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas."

ThefindingswerematchedinastudyofnativeItalianspeakerswhohadlearnedEnglishasasecondlanguagebetweentheagesoftwoand34.Reading,writing,andcomprehensionwerealltested.Theresultsshowedthattheyoungertheystartedtolearn,thebetter."Studyingalanguagemeansyougetanentrancetoanotherworld,"explainedthescientists.8.Themainsubjecttalkedaboutinthispassageis______.A.scienceonlearningasecondlanguage

B.man'sabilityoflearningasecondlanguage

C.languagecanhelpbrainpower

D.languagelearningandmathsstudy9.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermentions"exercise"inorderto______.A.saylanguageisalsoakindofphysicallabor

B.provethatoneneedsmorepracticewhenhe（she）islearningalanguage

C.toshowtheimportanceofusingthelanguagewhenyoulearnthelanguage

D.makepeoplebelievelanguagelearninghelpsgreymatterworkwell10.Wemayknowfromthescientificfindingsthat______.A.theearlieryoustarttolearnasecondlanguage,thehigherthegreymatterdensityis

B.thereisnodifferencebetweenalatersecondlanguagelearnerandonewhodoesn'tknowasecondlanguage

C.theexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagehasbadeffectonpeople'sbrain

D.theabilityoflearningasecondlanguageischangingallthetime11.Theunderlinedword"bilinguals"probablymeans______.A.aresearcheronlanguagelearning

B.apersonwhoisgoodatlearningforeignlanguages

C.apersonwhocanspeaktwolanguages

D.anactivelanguagelearnerDOverthelasttwodaysinDecemberlastyear,nearly30tornadoescausedgreatdamageacrosssixstates—fromArkansasinthesouthtoIllinoisinthemidwest.Morethan100tornadowarningswereissued—themosteverforaday.ThetornadoinKentuckycausedatleast50people'sdeaths,whichwasdescribedastheworstinthisstate'shistory.

Asoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,theUnitedStatesisalsooneofthemostgeographicallyvariouscountries—fromdesertstoforeststomilesofcoastline.Whilethiscomeswithmanyadvantages,itunfortunatelyleavesthecountryeasilydamagedbyallkindsofnaturaldisasters.

DifferentpartsoftheUnitedStatesfacedifferenttypesofnaturaldisasters.Thewestcoastisatriskofwildfires,earthquakes,andevenvolcaniceruptions.Thesouthernpartofthecountryisfrequentlyhitbytornadoes,andtheeastcoastfacesthethreatofserioushurricaneseveryyear.Midwesternareasnearriversareoftenfloodedbyhugefloods,andthesearetheworstfloodsinAmericanhistory.

Thegovernmentsreviewedtheweathereventineachstate'shistorythatcausedthehighestnumberofdeathstodeterminetheworstnaturaldisasterineverystate.Thankstotheirlocationandgeographicresearch.somestatesmadepreparationsaheadoftimetoavoidmass-casualty（重大傷亡的）weatherevents.

However,manyotherpartsofthecountryhavebeenlessfortunate,experiencingmassivestormsandfloods.Manysuchevents,likethe1900hurricanethathitGalvestonofTexas,killedsomanypeoplethatitwasimpossibletogetanexactnumberoffinaldeaths,especially,duringthattime.

Americanweathercontinuestobecomemorechangeable.In2018，therewere14weathereventsthatcausedover﹩1billionindamage.Andinmanypartsofthecountry,theseweathereventscouldbecomeevenmoredestructive（毀滅性的）becauseofglobalwarming.12.Whatdoweknowfromthefiguresinparagraph1？______A.LessandlessnaturaldisastershitAmerica.

B.TornadoeswerethegreatestthreattoAmericans.

C.ThetornadoinKentuckywastheworstinAmerica.

D.Americasufferedfromseriousnaturaldisasters.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout？______A.ThenaturaldisastersindifferentpartsofUS.

B.TheearthquakesinthewestcoastofUS.

C.ThehurricanesalongtheeastcoastofUS.

D.TheworstfloodsinAmericanhistory.14.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAmerican'sweatherinthefuture？______A.Controllable. B.Unchangeable. C.Pleasant. D.Worrying.15.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext？______A.AserioustornadoinKentucky

B.AweatherreportfromtheUS

C.CommonnaturaldisastersintheUS

D.TornadoescausinggreatdamageSimplewaystoimproveyourwrittenEnglishManypeoplethinkitisreallydifficulttoimprove（提高）theirwritinginEnglish.Don'tworry,though.HerearesomesimplestepsthatyoucantaketoimproveyourwrittenEnglish.

?Increaseyourvocabulary.

Toexpressyourselfclearly,youneedagoodactivevocabulary.That'snotjustbeingabletoknowlotsofwords—itmeansactuallybeingabletousethemcorrectly.(1)

Tip：Whenyoulearnanewword,trytolearnalltheformsofthatword.

?(2)

Peopleoftensaythatwelearntowritebestbyreading.ReadinginEnglishisusefulinmanyways.Itisagreatwaytogetanideaofthedifferentstylesofwritingandseehowtousewordsproperly.

Tip：(3)Learningshouldn'tbeboring.Readeachtextseveraltimestomakesureyouunderstandhowtousenewwordsandexpressionsinthetext.

?Improveyourgrammar.

Grammarisveryimportantbecauseitimprovesthequality（質(zhì)量）ofyourwriting.

Tip：(4)Thefirsttime,lookforgeneralmistakesandthesecondtimelookformistakeswiththegrammarpointyouarestudyingatthemoment.

?Justdoit!

Thebestwaytoimproveyourwritingistogetapenandpaperandwrite.Bepreparedtowriteseveralversions（版本）ofeachtext.(5)

A.Knowyourreaders.

B.Readwidelyandoften.

C.Alwayscheckyourwritingtwice.

D.Remember,practicemakesperfect!

E.Choosebooksorarticlesthatinterestyou.

F.Usesimplerlanguageandshortersentencestoshowyourideas.

G.Dothisbylearningnewwordswithexamplesentences,notjustwordlists.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.GItwasabitterwintermorninginKennewick，Washington.JohnLuncefordsawacryingchildalonghisbus(21)toschool.Tearsrolleddowntheyoungboy'scheeksashisbare（裸露）handsandearswere(22)redbecauseofthebittercold.Luncefordtookhis(23)off，whichhegavetothechild，andsaid，"It'llbeOK.""I'magrandfather.Noonewantsakidto(24)likethat，"Luncefordsaid.Hisheart(25)becauseofthepoorchild，knowingthe(26)winterwasstilllyingahead.

After(27)thekidsoffatschool，thethree—yearbusdriverandformer（昔日的）USArmysoldierwenttothe(28)tobuytensetsofglovesandhats.Hereturnedtothe(29)anddeterminedtofindtheboy.Aschoolworker(30)Luncefordtothelibrary，wheretheboywasstudyingwithhisclass.ThereLuncefordwassurprisedto(31)theboywithanewpairofglovesandahat.

Butthelittleboywasjustthe(32).Manyotherstudentswouldreceivethe(33)oftheirfamiliarbusdriver.Heannouncedtothestudentsinthelibrarythatanychildfoundwithoutahatorglovesalonghisbusroutewouldbegivenaset.

Onelittlegirl(34)saidshedidn'thaveahat.AsLunceford(35)heracomfortablehat，hesmiledandsaid，"I'lltakecareofyou，sweetie."21.

A.entrance B.duty C.trip D.route22.

A.totally B.generally C.merely D.roughly23.

A.overcoat B.glasses C.gloves D.socks24.

A.work B.suffer C.wait D.behave25.

A.lost B.recovered C.changed D.ached26.

A.latest B.coldest C.hottest D.shortest27.

A.dropping B.taking C.rolling D.sending28.

A.company B.park C.store D.bank29.

A.home B.station C.library D.school30.

A.fetched B.invited C.guided D.followed31.

A.look B.find C.blame D.charge32.

A.center B.beginning C.attention D.end33.

A.comment B.prize C.challenge D.kindness34.

A.immediately B.jokingly C.finally D.obviously35.

A.made B.promised C.handed D.lent36.TheSmallFriendsPetShelterwasstartedbyagroupofhighschoolstudentsand(1)（them）parentswhentheystartedtoseemanypetsthatwereleftbehindaftertheirfamilies(2)（move），thereareabout70cats，50dogs，threerabbits，andafewturtles(3)（live）attheshelter.Theyoungpeople(4)runtheshelterworkhard(5)（keep）theplaceclean，takecareoftheanimals，andadvertisetheanimalssothattheycanbeadopted.

Theyhavealreadyhelpedtofind(6)（home）fornearly200animals.Itishardwork，but(7)youngpeopleworkingattheshelterthinkitisworthit.

Soifyoufindapetthat(8)（lose），calltheyoungpeople(9)SmallFriendsPetShelter!Andifyouwanttohelpout，goandvolunteeryourtimeandlove.Thatiswhattheanimals(10)（real）needmost.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)37.Despitethegreatdifficulties，therescueteamsearched______survivorsdayandnight.38.Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishands______（bury）inthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.39.Theysparednoefforttosavethebuilding______（date）backtotheQingDynasty.40.It'ssaidthatthecauseoftheterribleaccidentisstillunder______（investigate）.41.Ithasbeenfoundthatparents'wordsanddeedshave______effectontheirchildren.42.Theposterwarnspeoplethatit'sillegal______（hunt）endangeredanimalsinthereserve.43.I'dappreciate______ifyoucouldhelpmewiththeopeningspeech.44.Theoldbridge，built300yearsago，______（sweep）awaybyaheavyfloodlastsummer.45.Idon'tknowwhattimeitisnowbecausemywatch______（repair）.46.Thecompany______wevisittodayisnottheone______myfatherusedtoworkfornearlytenyears.47.Thefestivalwillincludea______ofactivities，suchasoperadancing，paintingand______ballgames.（vary）48.In______withlastterm，mygradeshavegreatlyimproved，but______withmyclassmates，Istillhavealongwaytogo.（compare）49.購(gòu)物中心因?yàn)橐桓鶡煻粺龤?，這讓我們感到震驚。

Theshoppingcenterwasburneddownduetoacigarette，______madeus______.50.他失去了平衡，這使他從自行車上摔下來(lái)。

He__________________，makinghimfalloffthebike.51.只有當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)與自然和諧共存，這世界才變得越來(lái)越美好。

Onlywhenwelearnto______thenature______theworldbebetterandbetter.52.假定你是李華，你班要舉行一個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流會(huì)。作為英語(yǔ)課代表，你是老師指定的發(fā)言人之一。請(qǐng)你準(zhǔn)備一篇發(fā)言稿與同學(xué)們交流，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)（多看多聽(tīng)多交流）；

（2）對(duì)同學(xué)們的鼓勵(lì)。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

（3）文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dearclassmates，

Thankyou!

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea部分It'sparticularlyfamousforitsnarrowlandformsandexcellentwaterfalls.（它以其狹窄的地形和極好的瀑布而聞名。）可知，九寨溝以其狹窄的地形和極好的瀑布而聞名，由此可知，關(guān)于九寨溝，我們知道在那里可以看到奇妙的瀑布。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OldCityofJerusalem部分Asaholy（神圣的）cityforthreedifferentreligionsintheMiddleEast，Jerusalemhasalwaysbeenofgreatreligiousimportance.（作為中東三個(gè)不同宗教的圣城，耶路撒冷一直具有重要的宗教意義。）可知，從文章中，我們可以了解到耶路撒冷是三大宗教的圣城。故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestArea部分JiuzhaigouValleywasrecognizedasaWorldHeritagesitebyUNESCOin1992.（九寨溝于1992年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織確認(rèn)為世界遺產(chǎn)。）可知，九寨溝是1992年被確認(rèn)為世界遺產(chǎn)的；根據(jù)KhamiRuinsNationalMonument部分ItjoinedtheWorldHeritageListin1986."（它于1986年加入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。）可知，卡米國(guó)家遺址紀(jì)念地是1986年被確認(rèn)為世界遺產(chǎn)的；根據(jù)"HendersonIsland"部分關(guān)鍵句"ItwasrecordedintheWorldHeritageListin1988.（它于1988年被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。）可知，亨德森島是1988年被確認(rèn)為世界遺產(chǎn)的；根據(jù)"OldCityofJerusalem"部分ItwasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1981andplacedonthe"WorldHeritageinDangerList"thefollowingyear.（1981年被授予世界遺產(chǎn)地位，次年被列入"瀕危世界遺產(chǎn)名錄"。）可知，耶路撒冷古城是1981年被授予世界遺產(chǎn)地位，次年被列入"瀕危世界遺產(chǎn)名錄"，綜上所述，對(duì)比時(shí)間可知，最近確定的世界遺產(chǎn)是九寨溝風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。故選D。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要向讀者介紹了四個(gè)觀光地點(diǎn)，它們都是世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)地。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

4~7.【答案】A、B、C、B【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Onenight，PilarwasinadeepsleepwhenshewaswokenbyhercatInti.IntiwasmeowingwildlyoutsidePilar'sbedroomandthrowinghimselfagainsttheclosedbedroomdoor.（一天晚上，皮拉爾在熟睡中被她的貓英蒂吵醒。英蒂在皮拉爾的臥室外瘋狂地喵喵叫，撲倒在緊閉的臥室門上。）和下文afirewasburninginherkitchen.（她的廚房著火了。）可知，英蒂用自己的身體撞門是為了喚醒自己的主人，因?yàn)閺N房里著火了。故選A。

（2）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的TaketheexampleofCharlotteLeeandherhorse，Thunder.Onesummernightthewholefamilywasasleepwiththewindowsopen.（以夏洛特?李和她的馬雷霆為例。一個(gè)夏夜，全家都開(kāi)著窗戶睡著了。）可知，地震前夏洛特在熟睡。故選B。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Onenight，PilarwasinadeepsleepwhenshewaswokenbyhercatInti.IntiwasmeowingwildlyoutsidePilar'sbedroomandthrowinghimselfagainsttheclosedbedroomdoor.（一天晚上，皮拉爾在熟睡中被她的貓英蒂吵醒。英蒂在皮拉爾的臥室外瘋狂地喵喵叫，撲倒在緊閉的臥室門上。）和第二段中的Thensheheardahorserunningfasttowardsthehouse.?????????（然后她聽(tīng)到一匹馬飛快地向房子跑去。）Thunderhassavedherlife.（雷鳴救了她的命。）可知，英蒂和雷鳴都很勇敢和聰明，它們通過(guò)撞墻和嘶叫喚醒了處于危險(xiǎn)中的主人。故選C。

（4）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Withoutthehelpofthedolphins，thereislittlechancethatToddcouldhaveescaped.（如果沒(méi)有海豚的幫助，托德逃跑的可能性很小。）可推知，托德要感謝海豚。懷疑的；感激的；害怕的；無(wú)聊的。故選B。

本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是不同的動(dòng)物救人的故事，這告訴人們：動(dòng)物和人類的關(guān)系很密切，我們應(yīng)該盡可能多地照顧它們。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

8~11.【答案】C、D、A、C【解析】（1）C．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中第一行的learningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyourbrainpower????????????學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言有助于增加你的腦力。和倒數(shù)第二段的Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible,"hesaid."Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas?????????????????????????????掌握兩種語(yǔ)言給了你觀看兩個(gè)世界的窗口，你會(huì)超越語(yǔ)言本身，對(duì)于不同的問(wèn)題有更好的理解?？梢钥闯鯽secondlanguage

??是中心詞，所以答案是C．

（2）D．細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段中Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymatter.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinformation?????????????????這是大腦進(jìn)行信息加工的地方。Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles?????????這就和我們通過(guò)鍛煉來(lái)增強(qiáng)肌肉的作用是一樣的?？梢灾雷髡哂缅憻捈∪鈦?lái)比喻語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)對(duì)大腦的作用，使讀者能形象的理解這種作用，故選D．

（3）A．細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第五段中Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity?????（密度）inthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguage?????????????（腦部掃描表明學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的人的大腦灰質(zhì)層的密度比沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)的人高）．Butthelongerapersonwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguage,thesmallerthedifference?????????????（但是學(xué)習(xí)的越晚這種不同越?。?。可以推斷出學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言越早的人他的大腦密度越高，所以選擇A．

（4）C．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子"A

team

led

by

Dr

Andrea

Mechelli,

from

University

College

London,

took

a

group

of

Britons

who

only

spoke

English.

They

were

compared

with

a

group

of

"early

bilinguals"

who

had

learnt

a

second

language

before

the

age

of

five,

as

well

as

a

number

of

later

learners.倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的安德烈?梅切利博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)研究小組，研究了一群只會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的英國(guó)人。他們與一組五歲以前學(xué)過(guò)第二語(yǔ)言的"早期雙語(yǔ)者"以及一些后來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)行了比較。"可知，前面應(yīng)是說(shuō)掌握第二語(yǔ)言的人，所以bilingual的意思應(yīng)是peoplewhocanspeaktwolanguages.故選C．

文章主要講述了學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)可以使你的腦力增加。學(xué)者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)改變腦力，可以促進(jìn)你大腦的發(fā)運(yùn)，讓你更加的聰明。

1．直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。

2．間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3．綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析，而不能斷章取義。

12~15.【答案】D、A、D、C【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"OverthelasttwodaysinDecemberlastyear,nearly30tornadoescausedgreatdamageacrosssixstates—fromArkansasinthesouthtoIllinoisinthemidwest.Morethan100tornadowarningswereissued—themosteverforaday.ThetornadoinKentuckycausedatleast50people'sdeaths,whichwasdescribedastheworstinthisstate'shistory.（在去年12月的最后兩天里，從南部的阿肯色州到中西部的伊利諾伊州，近30次龍卷風(fēng)在六個(gè)州造成了巨大的破壞，發(fā)布了100多個(gè)龍卷風(fēng)警告，這是有史以來(lái)最多的一天?？纤莸凝埦盹L(fēng)造成至少50人死亡，這被描述為該州歷史上最嚴(yán)重的一次。）"可知，文章第一段列舉的數(shù)字說(shuō)明美國(guó)遭受了嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害，造成了極大的破壞，故選D。

（2）A.段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段"DifferentpartsoftheUnitedStatesfacedifferenttypesofnaturaldisasters.Thewestcoastisatriskofwildfires,earthquakes,andevenvolcaniceruptions.Thesouthernpartofthecountryisfrequentlyhitbytornadoes,andtheeastcoastfacesthethreatofserioushurricaneseveryyear.Midwesternareasnearriversareoftenfloodedbyhugefloods,andthesearetheworstfloodsinAmericanhistory.（美國(guó)不同地區(qū)面臨不同類型的自然災(zāi)害。西海岸面臨野火、地震甚至火山爆發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。該國(guó)南部地區(qū)經(jīng)常受到龍卷風(fēng)的襲擊，東海岸每年都面臨嚴(yán)重颶風(fēng)的威脅?？拷恿鞯闹形鞑康貐^(qū)經(jīng)常被巨大的洪水淹沒(méi)，這些都是美國(guó)歷史上最嚴(yán)重的洪水。）"可知，第三段主要講述美國(guó)不同地區(qū)面臨不同類型的自然災(zāi)害，并主要介紹美國(guó)不同地區(qū)的自然災(zāi)害，故選A。

（3）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Americanweathercontinuestobecomemorechangeable.In2018，therewere14weathereventsthatcausedover＄1billionindamage.Andinmanypartsofthecountry,theseweathereventscouldbecomeevenmoredestructive（毀滅性的）becauseofglobalwarming.（美國(guó)的天氣繼續(xù)變得更加多變。2018年，有14個(gè)天氣事件，造成超過(guò)10億美元的損失。在該國(guó)的許多地方，由于全球變暖，這些天氣事件可能會(huì)變得更具毀滅性。）"可知，美國(guó)的天氣多變，可能會(huì)變得更具毀滅性。故推知美國(guó)未來(lái)的天氣是令人擔(dān)心的、不容樂(lè)觀的，可控的；不可改變的；令人愉快的；令人擔(dān)心的。故選D。

（4）C.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段"Asoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,theUnitedStatesisalsooneofthemostgeographicallyvariouscountries—fromdesertstoforeststomilesofcoastline.（作為世界上最大的國(guó)家之一，美國(guó)也是在地理環(huán)境上最多樣化的國(guó)家之一，從沙漠到森林再到數(shù)英里的海岸線。）"及第三段"DifferentpartsoftheUnitedStatesfacedifferenttypesofnaturaldisasters.Thewestcoastisatriskofwildfires,earthquakes,andevenvolcaniceruptions.Thesouthernpartofthecountryisfrequentlyhitbytornadoes,andtheeastcoastfacesthethreatofserioushurricaneseveryyear.Midwesternareasnearriversareoftenfloodedbyhugefloods,andthesearetheworstfloodsinAmericanhistory.（美國(guó)不同地區(qū)面臨不同類型的自然災(zāi)害。西海岸面臨野火、地震甚至火山爆發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。該國(guó)南部地區(qū)經(jīng)常受到龍卷風(fēng)的襲擊，東海岸每年都面臨嚴(yán)重颶風(fēng)的威脅?？拷恿鞯闹形鞑康貐^(qū)經(jīng)常被巨大的洪水淹沒(méi)，這些都是美國(guó)歷史上最嚴(yán)重的洪水。）"可知，本文主要介紹美國(guó)地理環(huán)境多樣化，常年遭遇很多自然災(zāi)害，并且不同地區(qū)常年面臨不同的自然災(zāi)害。故文章的標(biāo)題是美國(guó)常見(jiàn)的自然災(zāi)害。A.A

serious

tornado

in

Kentucky肯塔基州發(fā)生嚴(yán)重龍卷風(fēng)；B.A

weather

report

from

the

US來(lái)自美國(guó)的天氣報(bào)告；C.Common

natural

disasters

in

the

US美國(guó)常見(jiàn)的自然災(zāi)害；D.Tornadoes

causing

great

damage造成巨大破壞的龍卷風(fēng)。故選C。

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了美國(guó)地理環(huán)境多樣化，天氣多變，常年遭受自然災(zāi)害，不同地區(qū)遭受不同的自然災(zāi)害。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

16~20.【答案】G、B、E、C、D【解析】（1）G.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前句Toexpressyourselfclearly,youneedagoodactivevocabulary.That'snotjustbeingabletoknowlotsofwords

?????????????????—

itmeansactuallybeingabletousethemcorrectly????????表示"要清楚地表達(dá)自己，你需要一個(gè)良好的詞匯表。這不僅僅是能夠知道很多單詞，還意味著能夠正確地使用它們"，可知表示"要做到這一點(diǎn)，就要用例句學(xué)習(xí)生詞，而不僅僅是單詞表"的選項(xiàng)G符合前后的語(yǔ)境，usethemcorrectly??和examplesentences?是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選G。

（2）B.主旨判斷題。根據(jù)后句Peopleoftensaythatwelearntowritebestbyreading.ReadinginEnglishisusefulinmanyways.Itisagreatwaytogetanideaofthedifferentstylesofwritingandseehowtousewordsproperly??????????????????????????????????????表示"人們常說(shuō)我們通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作。英語(yǔ)閱讀在很多方面都很有用。這是一個(gè)了解不同寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格并了解如何正確使用單詞的好方法"，可知表示"廣泛而經(jīng)常地閱讀"的選項(xiàng)B符合本段的主題，eading是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選B。

（3）E.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)后句Learningshouldn'tbeboring???表示"學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)該是枯燥的"，可知表示"選擇你感興趣的書(shū)或文章"的選項(xiàng)E符合前后的語(yǔ)境，boring和thatinterestyou??是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選E。

（4）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)后句Thefirsttime,lookforgeneralmistakesandthesecondtimelookformistakeswiththegrammarpointyouarestudyingatthemoment??????????????????????表示"第一次，查找一般錯(cuò)誤，第二次查找你正在學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤"，可知表示"總是檢查你的寫(xiě)作兩次"的選項(xiàng)C符合前后的語(yǔ)境，Thefirsttime??；thesecondtime??和twice是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選C。

（5）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前句Bepreparedtowriteseveralversions

?????（版本）

ofeachtext??表示"準(zhǔn)備好寫(xiě)幾個(gè)版本"，可知表示"記住，熟能生巧"的選項(xiàng)D符合前后的語(yǔ)境，writeseveralversions

??（版本）

ofeachtext??和practicemakesperfect??是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選D。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹提高書(shū)面英語(yǔ)水平的簡(jiǎn)單方法。

關(guān)于選句填空的做題步驟：

步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍備選答案，先確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。

步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。

步驟四：注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。

步驟五：區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)。

21~35.【答案】D、A、C、B、D、B、A、C、D、C、B、B、D、A、C【解析】（1）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。入口；B.duty職責(zé)；旅行；D.route路線。句意：HognLunceford在去學(xué)校的路上看到一個(gè)哭鬧的孩子。根據(jù)后文"toschool"可知Lunceford是在去學(xué)校的路上看到了一個(gè)哭鬧的孩子。故答案為D。

（2）考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。完全地；一般地；僅僅；大體上。句意：淚水順著小男孩的臉頰滾了下來(lái)，因?yàn)閲?yán)寒，他赤裸的手和耳朵都被完全凍紅了。根據(jù)空前"Tearsrolleddowntheyoungboy'scheeks（眼淚沿著小男孩的臉頰流下來(lái)）"和空后"becauseofthebittercold（因?yàn)閲?yán)寒）"，可知小男孩赤裸的雙手和耳朵全都紅了，故答案為A。

（3）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.overcoat大衣；眼鏡；手套；襪子。句意：Lunceford脫下手套給了孩子，說(shuō)："沒(méi)事的。"takeoff意為"脫下"，結(jié)合第二段最后一句theboywithanewpairofglovesandahat??????????公交車司機(jī)送給小男孩一套新的手套和帽子，故答案為C。

（4）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.work工作；遭受；等待；舉止。句意：沒(méi)人想讓孩子遭受那樣的痛苦。上文提到孩子被凍得耳朵和手發(fā)紅，可知是遭受痛苦。故答案為B。

（5）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.lost失去；恢復(fù)；改變；疼痛。句意：他為那個(gè)可憐的孩子感到心痛。根據(jù)前后文"Hisheart…becauseofthepoorchild"可知，Lunceford為那個(gè)可憐的孩子感到心痛。故答案為D。

（6）考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.latest最遲的；B.coldest最冷的；最熱的；最短的。句意：冬天最寒冷的時(shí)候還沒(méi)到來(lái)。根據(jù)后文"winterwasstilllyingahead"冬天應(yīng)該是寒冷，所以是指冬天最寒冷的時(shí)候還沒(méi)到來(lái)。故答案為B。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。掉落；B.taking帶走；滾動(dòng)；發(fā)送。句意：在把孩子們送到學(xué)校后，這位擔(dān)任過(guò)三年公交車司機(jī)的前美軍士兵去商店買了十套手套和帽子。sendsb.off"為…送行"，takesb.off"換下"，rollsth.off"復(fù)印"，dropsb.off"送下車"。根據(jù)后文"thekidsoffatschool"可知是指把孩子送到學(xué)校，短語(yǔ)dropsb.off"讓某人下車"。故答案為A。

（8）B考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。公司；B.park公園；商店；銀行。句意：在把孩子們送到學(xué)校后，這位擔(dān)任過(guò)三年公交車司機(jī)的前美軍士兵去商店買了十套手套和帽子。根據(jù)空后"tobuytensetsofglovesandhats可知，是去商店買手套和帽子。故答案為C。

（9）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。家；車站；圖書(shū)館；D.school學(xué)校。句意：他回到學(xué)校，決心要找到那個(gè)男孩。根據(jù)后文"anddeterminedtofindtheboy.Aschoolworker"可知Lunceford買了東西又回到學(xué)校，想找到剛才那個(gè)男孩。故答案為D。

（10）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。去??；B.invited邀請(qǐng)；引導(dǎo)；跟隨。句意：一位學(xué)校工作人員領(lǐng)著Lunceford去圖書(shū)館，這個(gè)男孩正在那里和他的同學(xué)一起學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)后文"Luncefordtothelibrarywheretheboywasstudyingwithhisclass"可知一位學(xué)校工作人員領(lǐng)著Lunceford去圖書(shū)館。故答案為C。

（11）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。看；發(fā)現(xiàn)；責(zé)備；負(fù)責(zé)。句意：在那里，倫塞福德驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩戴著一副新手套和一頂帽子。根據(jù)句意，可知是"發(fā)現(xiàn)"。故答案為B。

（12）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。中心；開(kāi)始；注意力；結(jié)束。句意：但這個(gè)小男孩只是一個(gè)開(kāi)始。根據(jù)后文"Manyotherstudentswouldreceivethe"可知還有其他的學(xué)生得到了幫助，男孩只是個(gè)開(kāi)始。故答案為B。

（13）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。評(píng)論；獎(jiǎng)品；挑戰(zhàn)；善舉。句意：其他許多學(xué)生也收到了他們熟悉的司機(jī)的善舉。Lunceford給學(xué)生送帽子和手套，是一種善舉。故答案為D。

（14）考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。立即，馬上；開(kāi)玩笑地；最后；顯而易見(jiàn)地。句意：一個(gè)小女孩立即說(shuō)她沒(méi)有帽子。根據(jù)前后文