高中英語人教版Unit1Friendship unit1periodthree

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing語法感知將下列直接引語改為間接引語1．Ourgeographyteachersaidtous，“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”→Ourgeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2．Shesaidtome，“Icamebackanhourago.”→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.3．“Canyouhelpmewithmychemistry？”TomaskedSara.→TomaskedSaraif/whethershecouldhelphimwithhischemistry.4．Thelawyersaid，“Iwillcomethismorning.”→Thelawyersaidthatshe/hewouldgothatmorning.5．“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays？”heasked.→HeaskedmewhereIhadbeenthosedays.語法精析對于直接引語和間接引語的掌握，我們可以遵循這樣一個原則：一個概念，兩種形式，三種句型，四種變化。一個概念：直接引述別人的原話，叫作直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫作間接引語。兩種形式：直接引語前后要加引號；間接引語不用加引號。三種句型：陳述句、疑問句和祈使句。四種變化：人稱、時態(tài)、語序和狀語。一、陳述句直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中可以省略。Themansaid，“Iamverypoor.”→Themansaid(that)hewasverypoor.二、疑問句1．直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。Heaskedme，“AreyouinterestedinWeChat？”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasinterestedinWeChat.2．直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who，whom，whose，how，when，why，where等引導(dǎo)?！癢hydidsherefusetogothere？”theteacherasked.→Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.三、直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時的四種變化1．直接引語變間接引語時，要注意人稱的變化。對于人稱的變化，可記住下面的順口溜：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新?！?1)“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果直接引語中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，在間接引語中，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱而變化。Shesaid，“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.(2)“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若直接引語中的主語及賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人稱所修飾，在間接引語中，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。HeaskedKate，“Howisyoursisternow？”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.(3)“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時，如果直接引語中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，在間接引語中，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。MrSmithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.2．直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，主句的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句(即間接引語部分)的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化。變化如下：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時過去完成進行時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時不變一般將來時過去將來時注意：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句時態(tài)不發(fā)生變化的情況：(1)主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句時態(tài)不變。Hesays，“Iamveryhappy.”→Hesaysthatheisveryhappy.(2)直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言時，其時態(tài)不變?！癟heearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth，”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(3)直接引語中有具體的過去時間狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Tomsaid，“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3．直接引語是一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時要把疑問句的語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍涞恼Z序。Heaskedme，“Doyoureallyunderstandthemeaningofthesentence？”→HeaskedmeifIreallyunderstoodthemeaningofthesentence.4．時間狀語、地點狀語、指示代詞及方向性動詞的變化。引語用詞直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthatthesethose時間狀語nowthentodaythatdaythismorningthatmorningtomorrowthenext/followingdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastnightthenightbeforenextweekthenext/followingweekagobefore地點狀語herethere方向性動詞bringtakecomego如果轉(zhuǎn)述時是在原來的地方或說話的當天，就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等。[題組訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.將下列直接引語改為間接引語1．Hesaid，“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.2．Myteacherasked，“Ishecoming？”→Myteacheraskedwhether/ifhewascoming.3．Shesaid，“Mymothertookmetoanexhibitionyesterday.”→Shesaidthathermotherhadtakenhertoanexhibitionthedaybefore.4．MrWangsaid，“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth，children.”→MrWangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.5．ZhangHongsaidtome，“DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”→ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948.Ⅱ.將下列間接引語改為直接引語1．Janetoldmeshewasgoingtoinviteallherfriendstohaveaget-together.→“I’mgoingtoinviteallmyfriendstohaveaget-together，”Janetoldme.2．Sheaskedmeifmyfatherwasanengineer.→Sheaskedme，“Isyourfatheranengineer？”3．Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.→Iaskedher，“Whereareyougoingandwhatareyougoingtodotomorrow？”4．Thestrangeraskedmewhatmynamewas.→Thestrangerasked，“What’syourname？”5．Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.→“I’llfinishmyworktomorrow，”shesaid.高考鏈接單句語法填空1．Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.(2023·四川)2．WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2023·重慶)3．Youhavetoknowwhereyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2023·湖南)4．Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.(2023·北京)5．Somepeoplebelievewhateverhashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.(2023·北京)6．Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidn’tknowhewascoming(come)untilyesterday.(2023·重慶)7．Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2023·北京)8．“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrsCrawford.“Oh，Iwillbe(be)president，”saidtheboy，withasmile.(2023·湖南)寫作指導(dǎo)建議信屬于應(yīng)用文。建議信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建議或忠告，以便讓對方接受自己的想法、主張并解決有關(guān)問題。建議信可以寫給個人，就其遇到的某個問題提出自己的看法或觀點；也可以寫給某個組織或者機構(gòu)，就改進其服務(wù)等提出建議或忠告。建議信要給出寫信的原因、建議的內(nèi)容、提出建議的理由，而且提出的理由要合情合理，語氣一定要得當，既要委婉禮貌，又要有說服力。1．信件的基本格式。(1)信頭(heading)：寫信人的姓名和地址要寫在右上角，收信人的姓名和地址要寫在左上角。(2)稱呼(salutation)，即對收信人的稱呼，一般用Dear/Mydear...。(3)正文(body)，即信件的主要內(nèi)容。(4)信尾客套語(complimentaryclose)，寫信人在信的右(或左)下角寫上表示自己對收信人一種禮貌客氣的謙稱，一般有Sincerelyyours，Yourssincerely，Yourstruly，Yours等。(5)信尾簽名(signature)，在信末寫上寫信人的姓名，如：LiHua。2．建議信的特點。簡明扼要、目的明確，具有合理性和說服力。3．明確寫作意圖。簡要陳述事由，簡單介紹自己，注意語氣。4．寫作技巧與方法。針對具體情況提出善意的建議。首段：簡單介紹自己，說明目的，注意語氣。主體：提出具體建議，時時提到你我，否則容易跑題寫成議論文。5．總結(jié)建議。對自己提出的所有建議，簡要地作個小結(jié)，提出希望采納建議。常用表達1．Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning...2．Iwouldliketosuggestthat...3．Youhaveaskedformyadvicewithregardto...andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.4．Whydon’tyoubuyacomputer?5．Haveyouconsidereddoing...?6．Maybeitwouldbebetterto...7．Thereareseveralthingswecoulddo.8．Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestionspractical/useful/helpful.典題示例假如你是你校英語報社的編輯MissWang，現(xiàn)在小冬因不善于交流在交友過程中遇到了困難，請你用英語給他寫一封80詞左右的回信，給他提出一些建議和意見。注意：開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。寫作步驟StepOne審題謀篇寫作要求是就如何交友提出建議。寫作時應(yīng)注意下面幾點：1．確定文體：這是一篇建議信。寫作時注意建議信的寫作特點。2．主體時態(tài)：文章應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時為主。3．主體人稱：由于是給對方提出建議，所以人稱應(yīng)該以第二人稱為主。StepTwo聯(lián)想詞匯1．做某事有困難havetrouble/difficultyindoingsth.2．交朋友makefriends3．聽從建議follow/takeone’sadvice4．與……有共同點have...incommonwith...5．與……相處得好getalong/onwellwith6．積極參加takeanactivepartin7．逐漸認識gettoknow8．處于困境中introubleStepThree句式升級1．首先，了解一下你的同學(xué)的好惡吧。First，you’dbetterlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes.(hadbetter)First，whynotlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes？(Whynot...？)2．其次，積極參加班里的討論有助于顯示你是友好的。Second，ifyoutakeanactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclass，itcanhelptoshowyouarefriendly.(if條件句)Second，takinganactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclasshelpstoshowyouarefriendly.(動名詞作主語)3．第三，當人們遇到麻煩時，幫助他們會是個好主意。Third，whenpeopleareintrouble，helpingthemwillbeagoodidea.(動名詞作主語)Third，itwouldbeagoodideatohelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.(it作形式主語)StepFour連句成篇DearXiaodong，I’msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmaking，thesituationiseasytochangeifyoutakemyaresometipstohelpyou.First，whynotlearnaboutyourclassmates’likesanddislikes？Thenyoucanfindyouhavemuchincommonwiththem，anditcanhelpyougetalongwellwith，takinganactivepartinthediscussionsinyourclasshelpstoshowyouare，youcangettoknowmoredifferentpeople，itwouldbeagoodideatohelpotherswhentheyareintroubleandshowthemyouarejustkind-heartedandhelpfultopeopleallaround.Withtimegoingon，peoplewillknowyoubetterandwillliketomakefriendswithyouifyoufollowthetipsabove.Yours，MissWangⅠ.單元語法A．將下列直接引語改為間接引語1．Thehistoryteachersaidtothem，“TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”→ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.2．“Whereareyougoing？”thefatheraskedhisson.→Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.3．“Ihaven’theardfrommyparentsthesedays，”saidMary.→Marysaid(that)shehadn’theardfromherparentsthosedays.4．“DidyouvisitBeijingtwoyearsago？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadvisitedBeijingtwoyearsbefore.5．Hesaid，“I’mnotgoingtoinvitehertotheparty.”→Hesaidthathewasnotgoingtoinvitehertotheparty.B．將下列間接引語改為直接引語6．ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.→Isaidtohim，“Ihavelostmywillfindit.”7．Thedoctoraskedhimhowhewasfeelingthen.→“Howareyoufeelingnow？”thedoctoraskedhim.8．Thewomanaskedthepolicemanifhecouldtellherhowtogettothenearestrestaurant.→“Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestrestaurant？”thewomanaskedthepoliceman.9．Thewomanaskedhimwhyhehadtosleepintheopenair.→Thewomanaskedhim，“Whydoyouhavetosleepintheopenair？”10．LeesaidthathejoinedtheLeaguein1959.→Leesaid，“IjoinedtheLeaguein1959.”Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2023·河北承德實驗中學(xué)高一上期中)WhenmydaughterSarawasinthefifthgrade，shecametomewithaproblem.“Marcyhatesme！”shecried.“BecauseKathyismyfriend，wantsmetobeherfriendandnobodyelse’talktotellherthatIwanttobeherfriend，butIcanhaveotherfriends，too！”O(jiān)h!Ilookedatherforafewmoments，wonderinghowIgotintothismess，whensuddenlyanideacametome.Pickinguptwobasketsfromthelivingroom，Iexplained，“Wheneveryoneisborn，heorshehasalittlelittleonehereisbigoneisyougrow，sodoesthecanseeyourlittlebasketisinsideminebecausewhenyouwereborn，thereweretoomanythingsyoucouldn’tdofordideverythingyoucouldn’tdoonyourown.”Shenodded.“Well，asyougrewolderandbegantodosomethingsonyourown，Ibeganplacingafewmorethingsinyouryoulearnedtotieyourshoes，thatwentinyourbasket.”Shesaidsoftly，“Icantiemyownshoes.”“yougrowolder，therewillbemoreandmorethingsyoumustdoonyourown.”AsIspoke，Igraduallytookherbasketoutofmineandhandedittoher.“Youwillfinallycarryyourownbasketwiththingsonlyyoucando.”Shelookedupatmeandsaid，“IaresomethingsthatIhavetodoformyselfbecausetheyareinmybasket.”語篇解讀上五年級的女兒向作者求助與朋友相處的問題，作者用兩個籃子的例子來教育女兒要學(xué)會自己解決一些問題。11．WhatwasSara’sproblem?A．Shedidn’thaveabasket.B．Shedidn’twantherownbasket.C．Hermotherwastoohardonher.D．Shecouldn’tdealwithherfriendship.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“‘Marcyhatesme！’shecried.‘BecauseKathyismyfriend，wantsmetobeherfriendandnobodyelse’talktotellherthat...’”可知，女兒遇到的麻煩是不會處理和別人的友誼。12．Whatdidtheauthorfeelwhensheheardherdaughter’sproblem?A．Angry. B．Crazy.C．Helpless. D．Proud.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Oh!Ilookedatherforafewmoments，wonderinghowIgotintothismess...”可知，作者在剛開始聽到女兒的麻煩時，是束手無策的。故選C項。13．WecaninferthatSara.A．wouldn’tmakefriendswithKathyB．wouldtalktoMarcyherselfC．wastooyoungtodealwithanythingD．managedtopersuadehermothertohelpher答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TherearesomethingsthatIhavetodoformyselfbecausetheyareinmybasket.”可知，Sara在聽了作者的教導(dǎo)之后，應(yīng)該會自己去和Marcy談?wù)?。?語法填空(2023·杭州七校高一上期中聯(lián)考)I’mwritingthelettertorequestyourhelp.Atpresent，I’mbusy(prepare)foranEnglishplay，whichisbased(much)onschoollifethanonsocial’mplayingimportantpartin，IwanttomakethebestuseofthisopportunityenrichmyifIamrecognizedasafluentEnglishspeaker，someproblemshavecomebecauseofcultural(different)，suchasvocabularyandisthelatterhasgraduallybecomemoredifficultthanfarasIknow，youhaveagoodcommandofEnglishaswellaswonderyoucouldspareyourvaluabletimetooffermesome(practice)adviceonhowtoperformwellinit.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作假設(shè)你是李華，你的朋友Tony去了美國上高中，他寫信告訴你他很不習(xí)慣美國的校園生活，感到很孤獨。請你根據(jù)要求用英語寫一封信給他提建議：1．學(xué)好英語，多交一些朋友，從而增加和別人交流的機會；2．學(xué)會獨立學(xué)習(xí)，有困難向老師求助；3．積極參加各種活動，使自己的生活更加豐富有趣；4．其他建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；3．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearTony，I’msorrytohearthatyoufeelitdifficulttoaccustomyourselftoyournewschoollifeinAmerica.Whatdoyouthinkofmyopinion?Believeinyourselfandyouwillenjoyyournewschoollifetheresoon.Yours，LiHua參考范文DearTony，I’msorrytohearthatyoufeelitdifficulttoaccustomyourselftoyournewschoollifeinyourbestfriend，I’dliketogiveyousomesuggestions.Firstofall，learningEnglishwellisawhenyouspeakEnglishfluentlycanyoufindmoreopportunitiestocommunicatewith，youshouldlearntostudydon’tbeafraidofaskingtheteacherforhelpwhenyoumeetsome’smore，trytomakemorefriendsandtakepartinsomeschoolactivitiesactively，whichwillhelpyouforgetyourlonelinessandmakeyourlifemoreinterestingascourse，sometimesreadingsomeinterestingbookscanalsogiveyougreatfun.Whatdoyouthinkofmyopinion?Believeinyourselfandyouwillenjoyyournewschoollifetheresoon.Yours，LiHuaⅤ.讀后續(xù)寫(2023·溫州中學(xué)高一上期中)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。Iwasrespondingtoacallfromasmallbrickflat(用磚做的公寓)inaquietpartofassumedIwasbeingsenttopickupsomeparty-goers，orsomeonewhohadjusthadafightwithalover，oraworkerheadingtoanearlyshiftatsomefactoryfortheindustrialpartoftown.WhenIarrivedat2：30a．m.,thebuildingwasdarkexceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorsuchcircumstances,manydriversjusthonk(按喇叭)onceortwice，waitaminute，thendriveIhadseentoomanyweakpeoplewhodependedontaxisastheironlymeansoftransportation.Unlessasituationsmelledofdanger，Ialwayswenttothedoor.Thispassengermightbesomeonewhoneedsmyassistance，IreasonedtoIwalkedtothedoorandknocked.“Justaminute，”answeredafrail，elderlycouldhearsomethingbeingdraggedacrossthealongpause，thedoorsmallwomaninher80sstoodbeforewaswearingaprintdressandapillboxhat，likesomebodyoutofa1940shersidewasasmallnylonsuitcase.Theapartmentlookedasifnoonehadlivedinitforthefurniturewascoveredwithwerenoclocksonthewalls,noequipmentonthethecornerwasacardboardboxfilledwithphotosandglassware.“Wouldyoucarrymybagouttothecar？”shetookthesuitcasetothecab，thenreturnedtoassistthetookmyarm，andwewalkedslowlytowardthecab.Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.“It’snothing，”Itoldher.“IjusttrytotreatmypassengersthewayIwou