2019考研英語二翻譯強(qiáng)化講義

2019考研英語（二翻考研英語二翻譯部分，占了15分分值。它與英語一翻譯部分比較起來，簡(jiǎn)課程，其中包括了不到30個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句的理解和翻譯。哪怕每天只認(rèn)真學(xué)個(gè)句顯促進(jìn)。有了這30個(gè)句子作為基礎(chǔ)，再深入到英語二的部分，就會(huì)覺得英大：題1）寫漢字B.翻譯A.2000年——2010年：1155B.1990年——20001050C.2010年——現(xiàn)在：極重要，適合模考1）Part102 體裁：偏向?qū)W術(shù)文獻(xiàn)，屬于“通識(shí)”讀3015020012004年：語20102011201220132014年： =翻譯標(biāo)Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(08,50)更可能對(duì)他的道德品格造成損害。(2害，更可能是對(duì)道德品質(zhì)的損害。(1.5也許還有道德特征。(1分)可能對(duì)道德特點(diǎn)有。(0.5分福和希望，而且損 ，更嚴(yán)重的是精神人物的健康。(0分2．做翻大：題1）寫漢字（05，46）evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinrecenteventsinEurope.evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedand電視是式，通andperhapsneverbefore//hasitservedsomuch//toconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations//asinrecenteventsinEurope.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoral我我將要把他定義為一個(gè)我將要把定義為這樣一個(gè)我將要把定義為這樣一個(gè)人，我將要 我將要 思考的活動(dòng)，以的方式以的方式來思考道德問題的活動(dòng)： 為 ： 1）18分鐘——4）15分鐘——分析錯(cuò)翻 部分請(qǐng)參照老師《2019考研英語拆分與組合翻譯法考研翻譯考試要點(diǎn)+聽課重landScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.（201046題，25words）totheeffectthat例如：Heleftanotetotheeffectthathewouldnotbereturning.他留下一張字條,大意是說他不回來了。副詞+形容詞以-y 結(jié)尾的副詞+形容詞的話，一般表程度，大多數(shù)可以翻譯為“非常、極其。-ly(2003,63)makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.(2004,63)wereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetoeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.（2010題，25ScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyIhavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusicDarwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(0850)（0546）evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinrecenteventsinEurope.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoral名詞(名詞性代詞those,some,all等)+that,which,who,whom,whose,Spaceandoceansarethenewworldthatscientistsaretryingtoexplore.Hislaughter,whichwasinfectious,brokethe ThosewhohavenevertastedwhatisbitterdonotknowwhatisTheboyswhosenameswerecalledstood名詞+省略引導(dǎo)詞（直接跟了一個(gè)從句Icollectedsomebooksyoudon’tIjustmetaladyIsawlastIjustmetalady(whom)IsawlastHewouldleaveBeijingwhenhefinishedhiswork.Hetoldusthedatewhenhewouldfinishhiswork.HewouldleaveBeijingwhenhefinishedhisShe’sgoinghomewhereshecanThat’soneofthereason(why)IaskyoutoThisisthebookforwhichyou這就是你要的書。=Thisisthebookwhich)youasked前置。即：把定語從句翻譯到它所修飾的先行詞前，并常常用“的”來連接(2003,61)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideas(2004,62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.beobligedtosb.感謝，感激I’mmuchobligedtoyouforhel Iwasobligedtoabandonthatidea.ObligateHefeltobligatedtohelp.前果后因，用“之所以…是因?yàn)椤钡木湫蚢talosstakealoss例3(2006,50)Theymayteachverywellandmrethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemsHowmuchyou‘repaidreflectshowimportantyouaretothecompanyyouworkreflectHehadtimetoreflectonhissuccessesand例(2011,46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—andrevealitserroneousnature.客淋燉BoasandSapir，皮沙TedNingSiliconBritain,Canada,Australia復(fù)雜的同位語從句，后置的話，可以用“即”來表達(dá)怎么后置？5個(gè)例子(1997,71)Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.事實(shí)上，它不是；因?yàn)樗ú煌槨粒┤f不得已，可以直接用“這，這種情況、這種說法、這種觀點(diǎn)”等來翻譯。直接指代明確——第三稱代詞，要用“這種情況/觀點(diǎn)/說法”等——It,This,pointTherebe例2(2001,73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.Don’t！Workonthenewbuildingismovingpiecedtogethertheworkauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthelatestdates(2001,73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearcheraroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatdiscoveriestotakeplace.(2001,71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.首先翻譯英語中的狀語，再加“有增加“人們、大家、我們”等漢語的泛指主語例4(2005,48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Theshoesalonecostme1000Outof10students,1willbesuccessful.thebetterpartofdecade(9875)fortnight,fortnightlyfourscoreandsevenyearsagoputtwoandtwotogether(2005,48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.(2003,62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnatural colour=colorenquiry=inquiryinquiry是名詞形式名詞用：動(dòng)詞用：(2003,62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnatural前置，例1(2003,61)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.(2004,62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.(2006,50)Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment(2011,46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—andrevealitserroneousnature.(1997,71)Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.(2001,73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.(2001,71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.(2005,48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.(2003,62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalIhavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusicDarwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(0850)（0546）evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinrecenteventsinEurope.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutypleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoralScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.（201046題，25words）wheneve（...a（whil（since（自從...Ithasbeenmorethantwoyearssincewepartedlasttime.（since）ShemovedtoLondonlastMayandhassincegotajobonanewspaper.（sincebefore（在...前，after（在...后Ihavemethimbefore.（before單個(gè)副詞作狀語once（一旦...，until,till（直到...才，如）assoonas（一...就，themoment,theminute（一...就， y,everytime（一...就nosooner...than（一...就，hardly(scarcely)...when（一..就）(2001,71)Therewillbe evisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,/andcarswithpollutionmonitors//thatwilldisablethem//whentheyoffend.(2004,61)TheGreeksassumed//thatthestructureoflanguagehadsomepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.，since（，as（，now，seeingthat,consideringthat,inviewofthefactthat（既然，考慮到，因?yàn)?，鑒，Seeingthat)alltheguestshavecomehere，let’shaveinthat（因?yàn)椋蛟谟赥hesetwoareasaresimilarinthattheybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.翻譯方法：一般需要把原因狀語從句翻譯到主句之前，構(gòu)成“前因”的順序如果原因太長(zhǎng)，有時(shí)候也可以采用“之所以…是因?yàn)椤?2004,62)Weareobligedtothem//becausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,//asthepeoples/whospokethemdiedout/orbecameassimilated/andlosttheirnativelanguages.(2002,62)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind(2009,49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemis//toenablethemtoshareinacommonlife//wecannothelpconsidering/whetherornoweareformingthepowers//whichwillsecurethisability.cannothelp ngsth.formingthepowersfeelsecureaboutnesfuture對(duì)自己的前途無憂haveasecurejobintheCivilService在部門有一份穩(wěn)定的工作Secureallthedoorsandwindowsbeforeleavingellneedtosecureabankloan.我們需要獲得銀行securethisbecauseofduetothankstoattributetoowingtofortheasaresult(2000,73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants//andarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,//whileernmentsareoftenforced//tointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.主要表現(xiàn)：though（雖然（雖然，even（即使，（盡管，，nomatter（不論，不管，forallthat（盡管，Shewasstrong，forallthat)shewassoinspiteofthefactthat,despitethefactthat（盡管，(2000,73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants//andarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,//whileernmentsareoftenforced//tointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.(2007,50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,//itispreferableforjournaliststo//relyontheirownnotionsofsignificance//andmaketheirownjudgments.itis+形容詞+forsb.todosth.置于句首，用“…的是，…”的句型先翻譯真正的主語部分，用“…，這是…的”的句型Itisimportantformetomaster （如果IwillnotgotothepartyunlessI’vidingthat,grantingthatsupposingthat（如果，假如providedthat,grantedthat,giventhat,supposethat,（如果，假如，假定SupposeitwillraintomorrowwhatshallwedoGiventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.考慮到她喜歡孩子,我可以肯定教書是最適合 onconditionthat（如果，只要，I’llletyougoonconditionthatyouneverwastemoney．只要你不亂花錢，我就aslongassolongas（如果，只要Aslongasyoukeepontrying,youwillsurelyonly,onlythat,onlyif（只要，只有Iwoulddoitwithpleasure，onlylamnottooifonly（但愿，要是...就好了(2010,46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescue/withsomedistinctlyshaky//totheeffect//thatinsectswouldeatusup//ifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.(1998,74)Ifthesmallhotspotslookasexpected,//thatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificidea,//arefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory.les（，in，forthat（以防）inorderthat（為了）翻譯方法：前用“為了”，后用“以免Hepushedopenthedoorgentlyandstoleoutftheroomforfearthatheshouldawakeher. (閱讀2001年第5篇第8句)Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreamsaseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycouldlesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.confess1~to ngsth~sth)tosb)承認(rèn)（錯(cuò)誤、罪行等Shefinallyconfessedtohavingstolenthemoney).她最後招認(rèn)了（偷了那筆主要表現(xiàn)：so...that,such...that,tosuchadegreethat，tosuchanextent翻譯方法“結(jié)果是…，如此...以致于...，直接翻譯(75)Andhomeapplianceswillalso esosmart//thatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthe//breakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder—kitchenrage.前置，例1(2003,61)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.(2004,62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.(2006,50)Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.(2011,46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—andrevealitserroneousnature.(1997,71)Actually,itisnt,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreed(2001,73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.(2001,71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.(2005,48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin1989.(2003,62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalIhavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusicDarwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheinlectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.(0850)（0546）evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasinrecenteventsinEurope.IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaslectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoralScientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.（201046(2001,71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,/andcarswithpollutionmonitors//thatwilldisablethem//whentheyoffend.(2004,61)TheGreeksassumed//thatthestructureoflanguagehadsomepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.(2002,62)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedand//partlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.(2009,49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemis//toenablethemtoshareinacommonlife//wecannothelpconsidering/whetherornoweareformingthepowers//whichwillsecurethisability.(2000,73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants//andarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,//whileernmentsareoftenforced//tointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.(2000,73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwants//andarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,//whileernmentsareoftenforced//tointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.(2007,50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,//itispreferableforjournaliststo//relyontheirownnotionsofsignificance//andmaketheirownjudgments.(1998,74)Ifthesmallhotspotslookasexpected,//thatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificidea,//arefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory. 2001年第5篇第8句)Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannot(75)Andhomeapplianceswillalso esosmart//thatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthe//breakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder—kitchenrage.結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)志：be+V-1）2）漢語仍保留主語不變，省略“被”(2002,62)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind(1999,73)Duringthistransfer,/traditionalhisoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologies/designedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy.Shewasgivenanewpenbyher Communication liteshavealreadybeenusedforlivingtransmissionin(1997,73)Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset://itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreated//eitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumans,//orwithnoconsiderationatall.outset=setoutoutbreak=breakout(2007,46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewed/insuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,//ratherthananecessarypartoftheinlectualequipmentofaneducated activities,interests,etcregardedasbelongingtoaparticular ：所特Sheregardsnegotiatingpriceswithcustomersasherspecialpreserve.她吧與態(tài)的表現(xiàn)形式：be+V-ed是+的ThisschoolwasfoundedbyLaoPrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefrom(1998,72)TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBang,/firstputforwardinthe1920s,/tomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationofthecosmos.(2009,50)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocessofdirecttuitionorschooling.Problemsshouldberesolvedingood(2002,63)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulated/onlyalittlmorethanahundredyearsago,//andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironment/in andmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividual/isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.(1997,75)Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake://itismankind’sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,//aninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.練習(xí)時(shí)間規(guī)劃：20--30分鐘/天，1個(gè)長(zhǎng)難做翻譯——5記結(jié)果——5第二部分英語二（2010年——2018年2010年英譯 （英語二"Sustainability"has eapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshave almeaning.Havingenduredapainfulorientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthe boomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidn'tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,"saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales."Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,"Justwait,you'llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.''2011年英譯漢（英語二Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo—roughly2percentofallCO?emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.Asearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO?,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,hastomaintainvastdatacentresaroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.Whileproducinglarge tiesofCO?,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergyHowever,andotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovementsMonitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.2012年英譯漢（英語二Whenpeoplein countriesworryaboutmigration,theyusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelocountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.Abigsurveyof nhouseholdscarriedoutin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofall nsovertheageof25.This“brainanhaslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.2013年英譯漢（英語二Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek.I'vebeenabletodthissinceIwasfour.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes–trytoputittooneside.Idon'tthinkit'sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesn'tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusialHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday–theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.2014年英譯漢（英語二Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffull.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswdnmend.Haltyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithaly,saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor.AccordingtoBen-Shahar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensfortheBen-Shaharusesthreeoptimisticexercises.Whenhefeelsdown—say,aftergivingabadlecture—hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner,somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction.Heyzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatosn’Finally,there ,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallyen’matter.2015年英譯漢（英語二Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit’seasytoloseconcentrationonthedrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.Th