高三閱讀理解公開課

ReadingComprehension英語高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求要求考生能讀懂簡易的英語文學(xué)作品，科普文章，公告，說明，廣告以及書、報、雜志中的簡短文段并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨大意（mainidea)（2）理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)(specificdetails)（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義(wordmeanings)（4）做出判斷和推理(judgementandinference)（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(passagestructure)（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度(attitudes/opinions)一：主旨?xì)w納題Usualtypes:mainidea;topic/besttitle;purpose這種試題要求能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。questionforms：大意類：Themainideaofthepassageis...Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?標(biāo)題類：What'sthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe...作者意圖類：What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage？Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageis…1.段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)時,其后的句子很可能是主題句。2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時,對該問題的回答很可能就是主題句。3.作者有意識地反復(fù)強調(diào)的觀點,通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語,一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore，thus，inshort,conclude，conclusion等。找主題句的四個小竅門：Pleasekeepinmind,Practicemakesperfect!

Haveatry!Guessthemainideaofeachpassagequickly!

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?(1minute)

Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage.開門見山,提出主題,隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想.最常見的演繹法寫作方式.Passage1Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent(無辜的，無罪的，無辜者).Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.(1minute)Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage.在表述細(xì)節(jié)后,歸納要點,印象,結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題.這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式文章或段落的主題句常常會出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。如：so,

onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus…..Passage2Passage3Successisoftenmeasuredbytheabilitytoovercomeadversity(困境，逆境）.But,itisoftenthebeliefofothersthatgivesusthecouragetotry.J.K.Rowling,authoroftheHarryPotterbookseries,beganwritingatage6.Inherbiography,…..becamethefirstpersontoencourageherandhelpbuildtheconfidencethatonedayshewouldbeaverygoodwriter.…Nowwithsevenbooksthathavesoldnearly400millioncopiesin64languages,J.K.Rowlingisthehighestearningnovelistinhistory.Anditallbeganwithhercommitmenttowritingthatwasfosteredbytheconfidenceofafriend!(2minutes)

Thetextmainlytellsus

.A.hardshipmakesagoodnovelistB.thecouragetotryisaspecialabilityC.youcanhaveawonderfulideaeverywhereD.encouragementcontributestoone'ssuccessdetailPassage4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalback-ground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.(2minutes)Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.TomhadstudiedatParisandmovedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyerafterhisgraduationfromCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetailTypesof

Paragraph

StructuresTypesTheposition(位置）ofthetopicsentenceAtthebeginningAttheendofthepassageInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceWhatshouldwepayattentionto?Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一燕不成夏（不要以偏概全）2.Transitionalwordsandexpressions:

過渡詞

but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary…Howtotellthewrongchoices?2.放大或縮小文章的主題，把文章的主題進行放大或縮小3、偷換概念，把文章主題換成相關(guān)但不同的主題。1.以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出現(xiàn)過的某一觀點當(dāng)成整篇文章的主題Howdoweguessthemeaningsofnewwords?二：猜測生詞的詞義如何根據(jù)上下文判斷詞語的涵義這種題型常見的設(shè)題方式有：

1）Theunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans____．2）Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？要求考生根據(jù)語境猜測生詞、短語或句子的意思,或者推斷熟詞生義。題干中常含有mean,isclosestinmeaningto,referto,bereplacedby等。這類題在廣東高考最近六年來,每年考查一個小題。猜測詞語意思例1.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.2.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

牧羊人thatisRule1:touse_______________________

根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞

definition/explanation

Signalwords:is,iscalled,bedefinedas(被定義為……),like,thesameas,referto,such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,includeGuessthemeaning易碎的，脆性的Rule2:touse______________________例1.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimental

toyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.2.MostwomeninGhana---theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold---worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.

harmfulalsoharmful文盲的，不識字的1.并列關(guān)系Signalwords:and,or,also,thatistosay（換句話說，也就是說）inotherwords（換句話說）…andguessthemeaninglogicalrelationships邏輯關(guān)系例3.Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople,suchaschildren,pregnantwomen,pensioners,andthoseonIncomeSupport,are

exempt

frompayment.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exempt”probablymean?

A.sufferingB.differentC.preventedD.freebutcharges

2.

根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行判斷Rule2:touse______________________4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.

Signalwords:but,however,yet,or,otherwise,while,though,ononehand…ontheotherhand,ratherthan,insteadofpunctual準(zhǔn)時的logicalrelationships收費，要價Rule2:touse______________________logicalrelationships例5.He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade（買賣，貿(mào)易，交易）.6.Theteacherdidnotheartheknockatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading.

smart/sharp精明的，敏銳的suchthatSignalwords:absorbed專心致志的，全神貫注的3.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行判斷because,since,as,for,so,therefore（因此）,so…that…,such…that…,thus

Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedword.becauseRule3:touse___________⑴Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendants

ofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestor(祖先）wasRobert.A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors2)Europeancountries,forthepresent,aredeeplymiredineconomictroubles.Itisreportedthattheireconomicfuturelooksuncertainanddark.A.trappedB.absorbedC.engagedD.interestedcontext根據(jù)上下文語境做出判斷Rule4:touse____________________

(1)Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.Impossibletotravelonorthrough不能通行的(2)Hefellintoaditch(溝，渠）andlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.partiallyconsciouswordformation根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化）進行判斷semi(前綴）半，部分conscious有知覺的，有意識的，神志清醒的Rule5:tousecommonsenseandexperience

根據(jù)常識、經(jīng)驗猜生詞

1)Thesoundofwatergentlylapping

againstthesideoftheboatduringthesilentnightwasverypleasant.tapping拍打

2)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout打掃或清除干凈吸入，理解，領(lǐng)會徹底消滅，全部摧毀分發(fā)，發(fā)出，放出（熱，光等）像亞馬遜這樣的熱帶雨林對于吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，幫助減緩全球變暖有著重要作用。

SummaryRule1:根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞

Rule2:根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系（并列，對比，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果）Rule3:根據(jù)上下文語境做出判斷Rule4:根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化）進行判斷Rule5:根據(jù)常識、經(jīng)驗猜生詞

根據(jù)近年來高考閱讀理解對同學(xué)們提出新的要求，建議同學(xué)們在以下幾個方面加強自我訓(xùn)練！1．猜測熟詞新含義例1:Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees，whocanaffordthenewservice.

例2:“That’simpossible,”saidhe,whorunsanItalianrestaurant.猜測熟詞含義除了要求同學(xué)們有較強的語境分析能力外，還要求同學(xué)們有較寬的知識面，對常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并將這些詞進行簡要歸納整理。

2．猜測詞性變換新詞含義Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago，howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?

利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出它的新詞義。猜詞能力白領(lǐng)雇員經(jīng)營想象1.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry——chickens,ducksandgeese,bothfortheireggsandtheirmeat.家禽practicemakesperfect2.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.supercilious高傲的,傲慢的modest（謙虛的，謙遜的）3Timdranktoomuchwaterlastnight,sohewenttovisitjohntwice.

廁所4.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.

disagree5.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

渾濁的，污濁不清的6.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.徒勞的，無效的7.Shewanted