高三閱讀理解公開(kāi)課

ReadingComprehension英語(yǔ)高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求要求考生能讀懂簡(jiǎn)易的英語(yǔ)文學(xué)作品，科普文章，公告，說(shuō)明，廣告以及書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中的簡(jiǎn)短文段并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨大意（mainidea)（2）理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)(specificdetails)（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義(wordmeanings)（4）做出判斷和推理(judgementandinference)（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(passagestructure)（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度(attitudes/opinions)一：主旨?xì)w納題Usualtypes:mainidea;topic/besttitle;purpose這種試題要求能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。questionforms：大意類(lèi)：Themainideaofthepassageis...Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?標(biāo)題類(lèi)：What'sthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe...作者意圖類(lèi)：What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage？Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageis…1.段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)時(shí),其后的句子很可能是主題句。2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí),對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是主題句。3.作者有意識(shí)地反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn),通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ),一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話(huà)常有therefore，thus，inshort,conclude，conclusion等。找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門(mén)：Pleasekeepinmind,Practicemakesperfect!

Haveatry!Guessthemainideaofeachpassagequickly!

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?(1minute)

Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,提出主題,隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想.最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫(xiě)作方式.Passage1Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent(無(wú)辜的，無(wú)罪的，無(wú)辜者).Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.(1minute)Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage.在表述細(xì)節(jié)后,歸納要點(diǎn),印象,結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果,以概括主題.這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫(xiě)作方式文章或段落的主題句常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。如：so,

onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus…..Passage2Passage3Successisoftenmeasuredbytheabilitytoovercomeadversity(困境，逆境）.But,itisoftenthebeliefofothersthatgivesusthecouragetotry.J.K.Rowling,authoroftheHarryPotterbookseries,beganwritingatage6.Inherbiography,…..becamethefirstpersontoencourageherandhelpbuildtheconfidencethatonedayshewouldbeaverygoodwriter.…Nowwithsevenbooksthathavesoldnearly400millioncopiesin64languages,J.K.Rowlingisthehighestearningnovelistinhistory.Anditallbeganwithhercommitmenttowritingthatwasfosteredbytheconfidenceofafriend!(2minutes)

Thetextmainlytellsus

.A.hardshipmakesagoodnovelistB.thecouragetotryisaspecialabilityC.youcanhaveawonderfulideaeverywhereD.encouragementcontributestoone'ssuccessdetailPassage4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalback-ground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.(2minutes)Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.TomhadstudiedatParisandmovedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyerafterhisgraduationfromCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetailTypesof

Paragraph

StructuresTypesTheposition(位置）ofthetopicsentenceAtthebeginningAttheendofthepassageInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceWhatshouldwepayattentionto?Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一燕不成夏（不要以偏概全）2.Transitionalwordsandexpressions:

過(guò)渡詞

but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary…Howtotellthewrongchoices?2.放大或縮小文章的主題，把文章的主題進(jìn)行放大或縮小3、偷換概念，把文章主題換成相關(guān)但不同的主題。1.以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的某一觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成整篇文章的主題Howdoweguessthemeaningsofnewwords?二：猜測(cè)生詞的詞義如何根據(jù)上下文判斷詞語(yǔ)的涵義這種題型常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：

1）Theunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans____．2）Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)生詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的意思,或者推斷熟詞生義。題干中常含有mean,isclosestinmeaningto,referto,bereplacedby等。這類(lèi)題在廣東高考最近六年來(lái),每年考查一個(gè)小題。猜測(cè)詞語(yǔ)意思例1.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.2.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

牧羊人thatisRule1:touse_______________________

根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞

definition/explanation

Signalwords:is,iscalled,bedefinedas(被定義為……),like,thesameas,referto,such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,includeGuessthemeaning易碎的，脆性的Rule2:touse______________________例1.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimental

toyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.2.MostwomeninGhana---theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold---worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.

harmfulalsoharmful文盲的，不識(shí)字的1.并列關(guān)系Signalwords:and,or,also,thatistosay（換句話(huà)說(shuō)，也就是說(shuō)）inotherwords（換句話(huà)說(shuō)）…andguessthemeaninglogicalrelationships邏輯關(guān)系例3.Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople,suchaschildren,pregnantwomen,pensioners,andthoseonIncomeSupport,are

exempt

frompayment.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exempt”probablymean?

A.sufferingB.differentC.preventedD.freebutcharges

2.

根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷Rule2:touse______________________4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.

Signalwords:but,however,yet,or,otherwise,while,though,ononehand…ontheotherhand,ratherthan,insteadofpunctual準(zhǔn)時(shí)的logicalrelationships收費(fèi)，要價(jià)Rule2:touse______________________logicalrelationships例5.He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade（買(mǎi)賣(mài)，貿(mào)易，交易）.6.Theteacherdidnotheartheknockatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading.

smart/sharp精明的，敏銳的suchthatSignalwords:absorbed專(zhuān)心致志的，全神貫注的3.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷because,since,as,for,so,therefore（因此）,so…that…,such…that…,thus

Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedword.becauseRule3:touse___________⑴Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendants

ofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestor(祖先）wasRobert.A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors2)Europeancountries,forthepresent,aredeeplymiredineconomictroubles.Itisreportedthattheireconomicfuturelooksuncertainanddark.A.trappedB.absorbedC.engagedD.interestedcontext根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境做出判斷Rule4:touse____________________

(1)Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.Impossibletotravelonorthrough不能通行的(2)Hefellintoaditch(溝，渠）andlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.partiallyconsciouswordformation根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化）進(jìn)行判斷semi(前綴）半，部分conscious有知覺(jué)的，有意識(shí)的，神志清醒的Rule5:tousecommonsenseandexperience

根據(jù)常識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜生詞

1)Thesoundofwatergentlylapping

againstthesideoftheboatduringthesilentnightwasverypleasant.tapping拍打

2)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout打掃或清除干凈吸入，理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)徹底消滅，全部摧毀分發(fā)，發(fā)出，放出（熱，光等）像亞馬遜這樣的熱帶雨林對(duì)于吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，幫助減緩全球變暖有著重要作用。

SummaryRule1:根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞

Rule2:根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系（并列，對(duì)比，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果）Rule3:根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境做出判斷Rule4:根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化）進(jìn)行判斷Rule5:根據(jù)常識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜生詞

根據(jù)近年來(lái)高考閱讀理解對(duì)同學(xué)們提出新的要求，建議同學(xué)們?cè)谝韵聨讉€(gè)方面加強(qiáng)自我訓(xùn)練！1．猜測(cè)熟詞新含義例1:Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees，whocanaffordthenewservice.

例2:“That’simpossible,”saidhe,whorunsanItalianrestaurant.猜測(cè)熟詞含義除了要求同學(xué)們有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)境分析能力外，還要求同學(xué)們有較寬的知識(shí)面，對(duì)常見(jiàn)有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并將這些詞進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納整理。

2．猜測(cè)詞性變換新詞含義Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago，howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?

利用熟詞的新詞性來(lái)抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，分析它的新詞性，并結(jié)合原詞含義發(fā)揮合理想象，從而概括抽象出它的新詞義。猜詞能力白領(lǐng)雇員經(jīng)營(yíng)想象1.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry——chickens,ducksandgeese,bothfortheireggsandtheirmeat.家禽practicemakesperfect2.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.supercilious高傲的,傲慢的modest（謙虛的，謙遜的）3Timdranktoomuchwaterlastnight,sohewenttovisitjohntwice.

廁所4.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.

disagree5.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

渾濁的，污濁不清的6.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.徒勞的，無(wú)效的7.Shewanted