大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作unit 6

2023/2/1Unit6

ThePaceofLife12023/2/1TeachingobjectivesGraspthemainideaandstructureofthetextLearntousetransitionaldevicestointroduceopinionsLearntodistinguishsupportingfactsfromopinions,andtousebothoftheminthewritings.Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructures2PartI(para.1-11)

threereasonswhywefeelsotime-pressedtodayReason1Reason2Reason3LinkingdevicestechnologyInformationexplosionRisingprosperity…apart,…asecondreason…(Para.7)Thereisanotherreason…(Para.11)Themotorcarbringsmoretrafficproblemsthanitpromisestosolve.Theaircraftcreatesahighdemandfortime-consumingjourneysthatweneverdreamedof.1.______________________________________________________________________________________________Thewashingmachine,contrarytoourexpectations,multipliesthehoursspentonwashingandironing.______________________________________________________________________________________________Reason1:findsomemoresupportingfactstoconvincethereadersoftheunfavorableeffectstechnologyhashadonourlivesTechnologyproducesthenewburdenofdealingwithfaxes,e-mailsandvoicemails.______________________________________________________________________________________________TechnologyeatsfurtherintoourtimebyforcingustohandlesoftwareglitchesoncomputersandfillingourheadswithuselessinformationfromtheInternet._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.6.Insteadofmakingourliveseasier,technologygoessofarastocramextraworkintoourleisuretime.______________________________________________________________________________________________ComparisonOnceuponatime,wethought,technologywould…Machineswereexpectedtodoourwork…Butinsteadofliberatingus,technologyhasenslavedus.Themotocar,promised…Butnow,trafficincitiesmoves

moreslowlythanitdidinthedaysofthehorse-drawncarriage…Theaircraftpromised…Thetroubleis,itdeliveredthem.Washingmachinespromised….Inreality,theyencouragedusto…Linkingdevicesforpara.1-6Onceuponatime…But……forexample……,too.Inmostcases,…Meanwhile,…Reason2:findsomemoresupportingfactstoconvincethereadersoftheunfavorableeffectsinformationexplosionhashadonourlivesPara.8Para.9Para.10Reason2:findsomemoresupportingfactstoconvincethereadersoftheunfavorableeffectsinformationexplosionhashadonourlivesPara.8Acoupleofcenturiesago,……Today,……Para.9…pourinfromeverycorneroftheworld.…150channels.…millionsofInternetsites.….proliferate.Para.10“……”,saysEdwardWilson,…”…”.comparisonFigures&factsquotationsAmount/NumberExpressionsAcoupleofcenturiesagoAtinyfractionofinformationMillionsofInternetsitesAhandfulofjournalsAminuteproportionofthefrontiersofscholarshipEver-largerquantitiesofgoodsEndlesschoiceAlittlebitofthisstressAnarrayofchoicesundertake幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以前一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)信息千百萬個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站屈指可數(shù)的期刊極小一部分學(xué)術(shù)前沿問題與日俱增的貨物無窮的選擇一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)這種壓力一系列選擇Amount/NumberExpressionsever-increasingExplodemultiplyproliferateexpandingincreasedEver-largermountingundertake增加，越來越多Wordsandphrasesthepaceoflifesetaboutdoingsthcomeupwithanansweronthegountangleaproblematabewilderingrateenslavesb.eatinto(ourtime)getstuckintrafficjamsconventiontime-consuming(journeys)dreamofdoingsthundertakeWordsandphrasesin

realityn.+apartpersonalgroomingsyndromevoicemailtheinformationexplosionaccommodateinthewholeworldofscholarship

在整個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)界subscribetoajournalkeepupwithamounttodiscontentwithsuperabundanceWordsandphrases忙個(gè)不停；忙得不可開交理順一個(gè)問題與日俱增的奴役我們以令人目不暇接的速度吞噬我們的光陰交通堵塞購(gòu)物之行訂閱雜志相當(dāng)于賄賂慣例裝下很多的信息積累的知識(shí)PartII(para.12-18)

noteveryoneisoverstressedMichaelWillmottPaulEdwardsVolunteersJohnRobinson&GeoffreyGodbeyPartII(para.12-18)

noteveryoneisoverstressedMichaelWillmottHalfofthepopulationaretime-starved.PaulEdwardsFeelingofpressurescanbeexaggeratedorself-imposed.

VolunteersIntheU.K.,workinghourshaverisenonlyslightly.IntheU.S.,workinghourshavefallen.JohnRobinson&GeoffreyGodbeyTheaverageAmericanhadgainedfivehoursaweekinfreetime.Experts’quotations只跟經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)沾點(diǎn)邊自己加給自己的壓力有緊迫感做管理工作普通美國(guó)人通勤做家務(wù)空巢老人學(xué)前兒童養(yǎng)育后代性別問題分配不均家用電器家務(wù)勞動(dòng)男女空余時(shí)間分配的驚人不平等每周平均空余時(shí)間為48小時(shí)OnlyperipherallyinvolvedineconomySelf-imposedpressureFeelstressedInexecutivejobsTheaverageAmericanCommutingDothechoresEmptynestersPre-schoolchildrenNurtureone’soffspringsGenderissueUnevendistributionHouseholdappliancesHouseholdchoresAppallinginequalitiesinthedistributionoffreetimebetweensexesAverage48hoursoffreetimeaweek2023/2/1WordsandphrasesbeinvolvedinTheaverageAmericancommutingbe(un)evenlydistributedEmptynestersGenderissueAdvancesinhouseholdappliancesHouseholdchorestimefamine/feeltime-pressed/betime-starved時(shí)間不夠用（的）17PartIII(para.19-23)

theperceptionoftimefaminehastriggeredavarietyofreactionsReaction1Reaction2Reaction3TroublewithallthesereactionsAnattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthesmallestpossibleinvestmentoftimeTryingtobuytime

Thegrowthofthework-lifedebateLiberatingtimeisuselessifthehoursgainedareimmediatelydivertedtootherpurposes.1.Oneis…(Para.19)2.…also…(Para.21)3.Athirdreaction…(Para.22)4.Thetroublewithallthesereactionsisthat…(para.23)引發(fā)了各種各樣的反應(yīng)時(shí)間投資優(yōu)質(zhì)時(shí)間提高生活效率家政服務(wù)網(wǎng)上零售商涌現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)而用于其他目的ProvokeavarietyofreactionsInvestmentoftimeQualitytimeStreamlineourlivesConciergeservicesOnlineretailersSpringupBedivertedtootherpurposesPartIV(para.24-28)

thecruxoftheproblemandaremedyCruxoftheproblemAremedyPartIV(para.24-28)

thecruxoftheproblemandaremedyCruxoftheproblemThestressarisesnotfromashortageoftime,butfromthesurfeitofthingswetrytocramintoit.Aremedy--Understandingtheproblemratherthanevadingit--ItisfewerdesiresweneedEditorialinFinancialTimes

PartI:reasonswhywefeelsotime-pressedtodayPartII:noteveryoneistime-stressed;AmericanshaveactuallygainedmorefreetimePartIII:theperceptionoftimefaminehastriggeredavarietyofreactionsPartIV:thecruxoftheproblemandaremedyforthestressconcessionIELTSwritingtask:TheadvantagesofthespreadofEnglishasagloballanguagewillcontinuetooutweighitsdisadvantages.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?advantage1refutethecounter-argument=advantage2disadvantageadvantage>disadvantage2023/2/1Wordsandphrasesthepaceoflifesetaboutdoingsth:beginorstartdoingsth開始，著手comeupwithananswerenslavesb.eatinto(ourtime)吞噬getstuckintrafficjamstime-consuming(journeys)dreamofdoingsth252023/2/1Wordsandphrasesenablesb.todosthin

realityn.+apart除了…之外pointtotheinformationexplosioninthewholeworldofscholarship

在整個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)界subscribeto訂閱keepupwith262023/2/1Wordsandphrasesamountto(n./doingsth)applytobeinvolvedinbe(un)evenlydistributedhouseholdappliances家用器具timefamine/feeltime-pressed/betime-starved時(shí)間不夠用（的）provokeavarietyofhighpressurejobs272023/2/1Wordsandphrasesspringup

cramintolieintheindustrialrevolution工業(yè)革命bynaturetheglobalvillageswitchoffthecell-phonesetboundariesbedoomedto(sthordosth)282023/2/1pointto,pointoutpointout

把…指出來（給…看）e.g.IpointouttohimwhereIusedtolive.MayIpointoutthatifwedon’tleavenowweshallmissthebus?292023/2/1pointto,pointoutpointto/towards:tosuggestthestrongpossibilityof,beasignof顯出大有可能，表明是…的跡象e.g.Alltheevidencepointsto/towardsRandallasthemurderer.302023/2/1oblige①passive,obligetodo迫使某人做某事e.g.Ifeltobligedtoleaveaftersuchanunpleasantquarrel.②todosomeoneafavor,fulfillthewishes施恩惠于，滿足…的要求312023/2/1obligecollocation:obligesb(withsth/bydoingsth)e.g.Couldyouobligemebyopeningthewindow?請(qǐng)你為我打開窗戶好嗎？Couldyouobligemewithamatch?請(qǐng)你給我一根火柴好嗎？322023/2/1amountto(n./doingsth)Thisamountstodoingthewholethingoveragain.Thetuitionfeeamountstotenthousandyuan.332023/2/1subscribeto①topaymoneyregularly(insupportofsomegoodaim)贊助，定期捐款Wesubscribetoananimalprotectionsociety.我們定期捐款給一個(gè)動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)。②topayregularlyinordertoreceiveamagazine,newspaper訂閱（報(bào)紙，雜志等）Isubscribeto“Time”magazine.我訂閱《時(shí)代》雜志。342023/2/1springupappear,develop,grow,etc.quicklyorsuddenly迅速地或突然地出現(xiàn)﹑發(fā)展﹑生長(zhǎng)Newbuildingsarespringingupeverywhere.Fastfoodrestaurantsarespringingupalloverthecity.352023/2/1bedoomedto(n.或者v.)bedoomedtosthbedoomedtodosth(sth.)becertaintohappen,andyoucandonothingtopreventite.g.Thewholeprojectwasdoomedtofailurefromthestart.Hewasdoomedtounemploymentbyhisillhealth.Hethoughtthathewasdoomedtospendtherestofhislifeinawheelchair.36DR_word_pourinMessagesofcongratulationcamepouringin.pourin:gointoaplacequicklyandinlargenumbersManyfootballfanspouredintothestadiumtohavealookattheirfavoritefootballplayers.Collocation:pourdown沿…流下pourfrom從…流下pourinto流進(jìn)DR_word_minute1Aminuteexaminationrevealedsmallflecks(斑點(diǎn))ofbloodonthecoat.minute:adj.verysmallinsizeoramountThekitchenisminute,withbarelyroomfortwopeopletoturnaround.minute

意思是“很小的”、“細(xì)微的”，在本組詞中算是“最小的”。small

指大小、重量、數(shù)量、規(guī)模、力量、重要性等方面“小的”、“少的”。minute,small&little這幾個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“小的”之意。CF:DR_word_minute2little

沒有真正的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，它經(jīng)常暗示所談及的人、物小得可愛。而small就沒有這種含義，它多表示比較，是相對(duì)而言的。Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords.minute,small&little1.Heisaman,onlyonepointfivemeterstall.2.Hiswritingis.3.Whatanicegarden!4.Thereisabirdinthetree.5.Thereareparticlesofgolddustontheground.6.Youmadeoneortwomistakes.small_____small_____minute______minute______little_____little_____DR_word_abundance1abundance:n.

quantitythatismorethanenough;plentyMostmilkconsistsofanabundanceofthemajornutrientsneededbythebodyforgoodhealth.Shehadanabundanceofveryblackhair.Collocation:anabundanceof大量的inabundance富有Bythemid-15thcenturypaperwasavailableinabundance.DR_word_abundance2alifeofabundance富裕的生活ofabundance富裕的abundance常指數(shù)量很多，超過需要。例如：plenty

指數(shù)量很多，超過期望。例如：abundance,plenty&profusion這三個(gè)詞都是名詞，都有“大量”之意。CF:Atthefeasttherewasfoodanddrinkinabundance.宴會(huì)上有大量的食物和飲料。Theoccasionwascelebratedwithplentyoffestivities.歡度那個(gè)節(jié)日舉行了許多慶祝活動(dòng)。profusion指數(shù)量很大，并含有過多之意。例如：DR_word_abundance3SeldomhaveIseenfoodanddrinkservedinsuchprofusion.我很少見過供應(yīng)這樣豐富的食物和飲料。DR_word_forecast1forecast:n.

1.v.tellinadvance;predictThemeansofforecastingnaturaldisasters,suchasfloodsandhurricanes,haveimprovedimmenselyasscienceandtechnologyhaveadvanced.MayitturnoutasIforecasted?2.n.astatementoffutureevents,basedonsomekindofknowledgeorjudgementThenewspaper’sforecastthatthesenator(議員)wouldbeelectedagainwasright.Didyoulistentotheweatherforecastontheradio?DR_word_forecast2Expertshaveforecastanupturninthestockmarket.專家們預(yù)測(cè)證券市場(chǎng)行情看漲。forecast指根據(jù)已知可能的發(fā)展進(jìn)程或?qū)淼那闆r作

出大概的預(yù)測(cè)，尤適用于天氣預(yù)報(bào)．例如：forecast,foretell&predict這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，均有“預(yù)言”、“預(yù)示”、“預(yù)告”之意。CF:Theweathermanwasunabletoforecasttheweathermorethanthreedaysinadvance.氣象員不能預(yù)報(bào)出三天以后的天氣情況。DR_word_forecast3Heforetellseventsformtheflightsofbirds.他能從鳥的飛行來預(yù)測(cè)事件。foretell

是普通用語(yǔ)，原帶有迷信色彩，表示預(yù)言注定的命運(yùn)，但現(xiàn)在這種色彩逐漸消失，主語(yǔ)可以是人或物。例如：Whocanforetellwhatwillhappen?誰能預(yù)言將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢？DR_word_forecast4Whocanpredicthowtheelectionswillturnout?誰能預(yù)測(cè)選舉的結(jié)果將會(huì)怎樣？predict較為正式，語(yǔ)氣比forecast強(qiáng)烈，指從已知事實(shí)

推斷或根據(jù)自然定律斷定未來的事情，其準(zhǔn)確度

不一，可以和foretell互換，但主語(yǔ)只能是人。

例如：DR_word_nurture1nurture:vt.

careforandeducate(achild);encouragethegrowthof(sth.);nourishParentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood.Thelocalgovernmenthastakenmeasurestonurturethestate-runfactories.nurture

表示在幼兒、幼苗的成長(zhǎng)過程中予以細(xì)心照料、保護(hù)。nurture,feed&supply這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“供養(yǎng)”之意。CF:DR_word_nurture2Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsandchangetheformwherenecessary.feed

不僅表示喂養(yǎng)人、動(dòng)物，實(shí)際上有時(shí)表示喂入嘴中，還表示給植物提供養(yǎng)分。廣義上，它指為任何人或物提供所需外來養(yǎng)分。supply

表示供給所需物品。nurture,feed&supplyThefarmer’swifecattleandsheepeverymorning.2.Thegovernmentfreebookstoschools.feeds_____supplies_______DR_word_nurture3nurture,feed&supply3.Thesearetheplantsinthegreenhouse.4.Wewanttothenewproject,notdestroyit.5.Hehasalargefamilyto.6.HekeptmewellwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.nurture_______nurtured________feed_____supplied_______DR_word_provoke1provoke:vt.cause(sth.)tooccurorarouse(afeeling,etc.)People’sconcernovergeneticallymodifiedfoodhasprovokedaglobaldebatethatshowsnosignofendingsoon.TheyarguedthatNATOenlargementcouldprovokeRvoke

意思是“激怒”、“惹怒”、“致使”、“迫使”，尤指某事或話語(yǔ)使某人或某物生氣、發(fā)怒而使其采取行動(dòng)。例如：provoke,arouse&awaken這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“引起”、“致使…反應(yīng)”之意。CF:DR_word_provoke2Ifyouprovokethedog,itwillattackyou.如果你去招惹那條狗，它會(huì)咬你。Hisimpudenceprovokedherintoslappinghisface.他的魯莽氣得她打了他一耳光。arouse

意思是“引起”、“喚醒”，動(dòng)作的意味較弱，表示使某人從睡眠狀態(tài)中醒來或鼓勵(lì)某人由不積極狀態(tài)變?yōu)榉e極狀態(tài)。例如：Mymotherarousedmefromsleep.我母親把我從睡夢(mèng)中喚醒了。DR_word_provoke3Ofalltheplanets,Marsalwaysarousesthegreatestcuriosity.在所有的行星中，火星一直引起人們最大的好奇心。Theoppressedpeopleareawakeningeverywhere.各地被壓迫的人民在覺醒。awaken

常出現(xiàn)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，意思是“被喚醒”，一般用在較正式的場(chǎng)合；它還常用在比喻中，意思是

“覺醒”。例如：Hewasawakenedbythesingingofbirdsinthetrees.他被林中鳥兒的鳴叫聲驚醒了。Collocation:provokesb.todosth.挑動(dòng)某人做某事DR_word_streamlinestreamline:vt.make(sth.)moreefficientandeffectiveCorporatemergerscanresultinjoblossesbecausemanagementcombinesandstreamlinesdepartmentswithinthenewlymergedcompanies.他們把賽車改成流線型，以使它行駛得更快。Theystreamlinedtheracingcarsothatitmovedevenfaster.2023/2/1stress,tension,nervousnessstress:greatworrycausedbyadifficultsituation;mentalorphysicaldistress壓力e.g.thestressofmodernlifetension:mental,emotionalornervousstrain緊張，焦慮；緊張關(guān)系nervousness:(由于膽怯、害怕)造成的緊張，不安Exercises542023/2/1honorable,honoraryhonorable:①worthyofbeinghonored,deservinghonor光榮的，值得尊敬的②showinghignprincipleandgoodcharacter高尚的，品行高潔的Honorable（大寫）：尊敬的Exercises552023/2/1honorable,honoraryhonorary:①givenasanhonor榮譽(yù)的②(ofapositionoritsholder)unpaid無報(bào)酬的，名譽(yù)的，名義上的56TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish1.吞噬2.困于交通堵塞3.越洋購(gòu)物旅行

4.在大多數(shù)情況下5.使…擺脫6.個(gè)人的穿著打扮7.處理軟件故障8.除去技術(shù)發(fā)展

eatintostuckintrafficjamsthetransatlanticshoppingexpeditioninmostcasesfreesb.frompersonalgrooming

fixsoftwareglitchestechnologyapart

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish9.信息爆炸10.感到時(shí)間緊迫11.從世界各個(gè)角落12.在整個(gè)世界學(xué)術(shù)界13.無休止的選擇14.分配不均勻15.撫養(yǎng)子女16.做有報(bào)酬的工 informationexplosionfeeltime-pressedfromeverycorneroftheworldinthewholeworldofscholarshipendlesschoicebeunevenlydistributednurtureoffspringtakepayingjobs

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish17.家務(wù)雜活18.更充分的利用19.工業(yè)革命20.注定

householdchores

makebetteruseofIndustrialrevolution

bedoomedto

2023/2/1Structure:名詞+apart：除了…之外Exercises601.Scanthetext,circleallphrasescontainingahyphen,andthenexplaintheirmeaningsandhowtheyareformed.1)ever-increasingquantitiesoftime(Para.1)2)horse-drawncarriage(Para.3)3)time-consumingjourneys(Para.4)4)thelaptop-on-the-beachsyndrome(Para.6)5)feeltime-pressed(Para.7)6)ever-largerquantitiesofgoodsandservices(Para.11)thequantitiesoftimeincreasingallthetimethecarriagedrawnbythehorsejourneysconsumingtimethesyndromecausedbygoingtothebeachwithalaptopthequantitiesofgoodsandservicesthatbecomelargerandlargerfeelthepresscausedbythelackoftime

Scanning7)betime-starved(Para.12)8)theLondon-basedHenleyCenter(Para.14)9)beself-imposed(Para.14)10)hour-by-hourlogs(Para.15)11)themid-1960s(Para.16)12)empty-nesters(Para.17)belackingintimetheHenleyCenterwithitsheadquarterlocatedinLondonbeimposedbyone’sownlogswrittenatdifferenthoursthemiddleofthe1960s

Scanningpeoplewithoutoffsprings

Scanning13)pre-schoolchildren(Para.17)14)on-lineretailers(Para.21)15)work-lifedebate(Para.22)16)long-hoursculture(Para.22)17)family-friendlyworkingpolicies(Para.22)18)thecell-phone(Para.28)childrenbeforeenteringtheschoolsretailersshoppingonlinedebateon“whichtochoose,workorlife”thetraditiontoincreasetheworkinghoursthepoliciesusedintheworkingplacestotreatemployeesinafriendlywaylikemembersinafamilythemobilephoneAfter-1.scanning.42.Makewordswiththefollowingprefixesorpatterns.1)ever-2)self-3)pre-4)adj.+n.+-ed5)adv.+v.+-edever-green,ever-lasting,ever-more…self-control,self-made,self-educated…pre-history,pre-mature,pre-recorded…

blue-eyed,simple-minded,left-handed…well-informed,much-used,poorly-dressed…

Scanning2023/2/1Post-readingdiscussionFinishthefollowingquestionnaire(20)withyourpart