專四語法第節(jié)倒裝和省略

/7專四語言知識之倒裝與省略倒裝一、知識要點英語陳述句的正常語序是主語在前，謂語在后。但是在某些場合，為了強調(diào)、突出等目的會顛倒原有語序，這種句式叫做倒裝(Inversion)句。倒裝句有兩種形式：完全倒裝(FullInversion)和部分倒裝(PartialInversion)。1、完全倒裝將整個謂語動詞或整個謂語部分都放在主語前面時，稱為完全倒裝。使用完全倒裝的情況有：以here,there,now,then,from,out,down,in,up,away,on等副詞開頭的句子，且謂語動詞都是屬于移動的含義，主語為名詞時。如：Therefollowedalongsilence.接著是一陣長時間的沉默。Nowcomethelong-awaitedguests.盼望已久的客人們現(xiàn)在來了。Fromthedistancecameoccasionalshots.從遠處不時傳來槍聲。Outrushedatiger.一只老虎沖了出去。*注意：如果上述情況中主語為代詞，則句子不必倒裝。如：Outherushed.他沖了出去。Hereshecame.她來了。地點狀語置于句首，且主語為名詞時。此類句中的謂語動詞大多是表示走動或狀態(tài)的不及物動詞go,come,stand,sit,lie等。如：Underthetreesatanoldwrinkledman.一位滿臉皺紋的老人坐在樹下。Atthedoorstoodagirlaboutthesameheightasmine.在門邊站著個跟我差不多一樣高的女孩。表語放在句首以加強語氣時，主語要放在be動詞之后形成完全倒裝。如：Belowistheblueocean.下面是藍色的海洋。有時為了強調(diào)，可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝。如：Standingatthedoorisacharminggirl.坐在門口的是一個可人的女孩。Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.下列問題要仔細考慮。2、部分倒裝只將助動詞置于主語前，謂語其余部分置于主語后，則是部分倒裝。下列情況使用部分倒裝：(1)否定詞及含有否定意義的副詞或詞組置于句首時，句子要部分倒裝：never,no,not,notonly,hardly,scarcely,rarely,little,seldom,nowhere,nosooner...than,hardly/barely/scarcely...when,notuntil…,atnotime,bynomeans,onnoaccount,innoway,innocase,onnocondition,in/undernocircumstances等。如：InnowayamIresponsibleforwhathashappened.我決不會對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事負責(zé)。Nosoonerhadthebellrungthanthestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom.鈴聲一響，學(xué)生們就跑出了教室。以only修飾狀語開頭的句子，要部分倒裝。如：Onlylastweekdidtheygetmarried.他們上個星期剛結(jié)婚。OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogetthecamera.我只有找到了工作才有足夠的錢買那款相機。*注意：only屬于主語的一部分時，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Onlyafewpeopleunderstoodwhathesaid.只有很少人懂得他在說什么。以下列副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子要部分倒裝so,such,tosuchadegree,tosuchanextent,tosuchextremes,tosuchapoint等。如：SuchwastheweatherthatIcouldnotgoout.天氣如此這般，我出不了門。TosuchadegreedidthestorytouchmethatItooknotesofit.這個故事深深地打動了我，于是我把它記了下來。⑷句首為so,nor,neither等副詞，表明前句說明的情況也適用于該句時，句子通常要部分倒裝。如：Hedidn'tsayanything.Nor/Neitherdidhisassistant.他什么都沒說，他助手也沒吭聲。PeopleinBritainresttwodaysaweek.SodoChinese.英國人一周休息兩天，中國人也一樣。*注意：當(dāng)so放在句首只是對對方所陳述的內(nèi)容表示肯定時，不用倒裝。如：“Tomwantstocompletetheimportanttask.”“Sohedoes.”“湯姆想完成那項重要的任務(wù)?！薄八拇_想?！碧摂M條件句可以省略連同if,把從句中的助動詞(were,should/could/might或had)移至主語前，形成部分倒裝。如：Hadyoubeen(=Ifyouhadbeen)herelastnight,youwouldhavemether.如果你昨晚來這里的話，你就會見到她。Beanyperson(=Ifanypersonbe)guiltyofacrime,thecourtshallhavetherighttoappeal.任何人犯罪，法院都有權(quán)上訴。WereIyou(=IfIwereyou)，Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會去找他。as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，as必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，though可用也可不用倒裝。這種倒裝通常是把從句中的表語、狀語或謂語動詞放在句首。如Smallasitis,anatomcanstillbeseen.雖然小，原子還是能被看見。Sickas/thoughshewas,shecametowork.盡管她病了，她還是來上班了。省略為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接，英語中常常會省略。以下為?？嫉膸追N省略(Ellipsis)形式。1.并列句中，如果后面句子和前面句子有相同的成分，往往都會省略，以避免重復(fù)。Tosomesmileisveryeasy,andtoothers(smileis)sohard.對有些人而言笑一下很容易，而對另一些人而言則很困難。IguessLisawilldanceinthepartybutJanewon't(danceintheparty).我認(rèn)為麗薩會在聚會上跳舞，而簡不會。2.復(fù)合句中從句的句尾和主句相重復(fù)時從句的句尾部分可省掉。MaryisgoingtosweepthefloorbecauseAlicewon't(sweepthefloor).因為愛麗絲不打掃地板，瑪麗只好去打掃了。Hemayleaveifhewishesto(leave).如果他想走的話，他可以走。3.在以if,when,though,although,as,asif等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句中，如從句中主要動詞是be，可將主語和動詞be省掉。Heisverygoodatdancing,though(heis)veryold.雖然他年事已高，但他卻跳得非常棒。when(hewas)askedabouttheadvertisingcampaignofthenewproduct,themanagersaiditwasagreatsuccess.問及新產(chǎn)品的廣告宣傳時，經(jīng)理稱很成功。Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindnessleftuntreated.afterB.ifC.sinceD.unless譯文：這種病如果得不到治療，就會導(dǎo)致完全失明。分析：如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且主動詞為be,通?？墒÷詮木涞闹髡Z和系動詞。本題根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。此句完整形式為Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindnessifitisleftuntreated.4.用do,so,doso,not等替代旬中的一部分，構(gòu)成省略。(1)do代替主動詞。如：Lauralooksveryhappy.Shealwaysusedtodo(=lookveryhappy),Iremember.勞拉看起來很開心，我記得她以前也總是(看起來開心)。⑵doso替代謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，有時可以和dothat,doit交替使用。如：Hesaidhewouldtellmethenews,buthedidn'tdoso/that/it(=tellmethenews).他說要告訴我那條消息，但是他沒有。(本句中的doso/that/it也可不要。)⑶so+助動詞+主語，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語與前一句的主語指代不同的對象，表示”……也是如此”。如：TheywanttoseethefamousbasketballmatchandsodoI.他們想看這場有名的籃球賽，我也想去看。Iwastired,andsowerethey.我很累，他們也是。so+主語+助動詞，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語指的就是前一句話中的主語，表示說話人認(rèn)同對方的看法，意為"可不是嘛，的確如此"。如："Theywillwinthechampionship.”“Sotheywill.”他們會獲得冠軍。“可不是嗎。”so或not可替代that從句，常與I'mafraid,believe,expect,fear,guess,hope,suppose,think等詞語搭配。如：“Ishecoming?”“Ibelieveso.//Ihopenot.”“他就來嗎？”“我想是的。//我希望他不來?！眘o與not可用來代替if后面的從句。如：Haveyougotafreeeveningnextweek?Ifso,let'shavedinner;ifnot,I'mgoingwithoutyou.下周哪個晚上有空嗎?要是有空，我們一塊吃晚飯吧。如果沒空，我就自己去了。真題：bothsidesaccepttheagreementalastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,wouldOnlytakesuchclothesreallynecessary.A.aswereB.astheyareC.astheywereD.asareSobadlyinthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.A.didheinjureB.injuredhimC.washeinjuredD.hewasinjuredheneededmoneyforanewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank.A.MuchasB.MuchalthoughC.AsmuchD.ThoughmuchThecentralprovinceshavefloodsinsomeyears,and.AdroughtinothersB.droughtsareothersC.whileotherdroughtsD.othersindroughtThismayhavepreservedtheelephantfrombeingwipedoutaswellasotheranimalsinAfrica.AhuntedB.huntingC.thathuntedD.arehuntedThefollowingareallcorrectresponsesto“whotoldthenewstotheteacher?"EXCEPTA.Jimdidthis.B.Jimdidso.C.JimdidthatD.JimdidAcutehehelpsmostanimalssensetheapproachofthunderstormslongbeforepeople.A.doB.hearC.dothemD.hearingitA:Mother,youpromisedtotakemeout.B:Well,A.sodoI.B.sodidI.C.soIdo！D.soIdid！Littleaboutherownsafety,thoughsheherselfwasingreatdanger.A.shecaredB.shemaycareC.mayshecareD.didshecareItisgoingtobefinetomorrow.A.soisit.B.Soitis.C.Soitdoes.D.sodoesit.myumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbesowetnow.A.HadItakenB.willItakeC.HaveItakenD.WouldItakenChinahaspromisedtoreviseitsexistingregulationsandnewpoliciesaccordingtoWTOrequirements.A.formingB.toformC.tobeformingD.haveformedbothsidesaccepttheagreementalastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.A.Onlyif;willB.Ifonly;wouldC.Should;willD.Unless;wouldWehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstancesthetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.A.mayweuseB.wemayuseC.wecoulduseD.didweuseatfirst,theycametoanagreementintheend.A.MuchastheydifferedB.AsmuchtheydifferedC.AstheymuchdifferedD.AstheydifferedmuchEspeciallyimportanttomanypeople.thereislegislationagainstpollutionislegislationagainstpollutionitislegislationagainstpollutionlegislationagainstpollutionisNotuntilthe1970'sanimportanttopicamongnationsoftheworld.environmentalprotectionbecamedidenvironmentalprotectionbecometheprotectionofenvironmentbecameProtectionbecameenvironmentalRarelyunlesstheyarecorneredorprovoked.A.snakesthatattackamanB.doattacksnakestoamanC.snakesattackamanD.dosnakesattackamanNotforasinglemomentgivinglight.A.thesunhasstoppedB.stoppedhasthesunC.hasthesunstoppedD.hasstoppedthesunwillMichaelacceptit.A.Onlyifitisahigh-payingjob.B.Ifonlyitisahigh-payingjobC.Onlyitisahigh-payingjobD.didIrealizeOnlybydoingtheworkthemselves.A.thestudentsablegetexperienceB.willthestudentsgetexperienceC.thestudentswilltogetexperienceD.willthestudentsgettingexperienceintheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.A.ThefourthbiggestcityitwasB.OncethefourthbiggestcityC.BeingthefourthbiggestcityD.ItwasoncethefourthbiggestcityOnlyunderspecialcircumstancestotakemake-uptests.A.arefreshmenpermittedB.freshmenarepermittedC.permittedarefreshmenD.arepermittedfreshmenbeautifulwasAlaskathateverybodylookedatherinadmiration.A.VeryB.TooC.SuchD.SoforLondonat9thanitbegantorain.A.JackhadhardlyB.AssoonasJackleftC.ThemomentJackleftD.NosoonerhadJacklefttoobtain,butitalsoasolutiontoenvironmentalpollution.A.SolarenergyisnotonlyeasyB.SolarenergyiseasynotonlyC.NotonlyeasyissolarenergyD.Notonlyissolarenergyeasyhimtomorrow?A.WhynottocallonB.Whydon'tcallonC.WhynotcallingonD.WhynotcallonAcutehearinghelpsmostanimalssensetheapproachofthunderstormslongbeforepeopleA.doB.hearC.dothemC.hearingit30.Once,thispowerstationwillsupplyalltheneighboringtownsandvillageswithelectricity.A.itbeingcompleted31.—Itisasunnydaytoday.B.itcompletedC.completedD.itcompletesA.Soitdoes.B.Soisit.C.Soitis.D.Sodoesit.Thesentence“Hadheknownheraddress,hewouldhavewrittentoher”meansthatA.hehasknownheraddressB.heknewheraddressC.hedidn'tknowheraddressD.heaskedforheraddressOnnoaccounteverleavethebabyathomealone.A.shouldyouB.youshouldC.shallyouD.youshallOnlybypracticingafewhourseverydaybeabletomasterthelanguage.A．youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyouNotonlythegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.A.herefusedB.refusedheC.didherefuseD.hedidrefuseLittlewhatwasupsettingme.A.mayherealizeB.herealizesC.hemayrealizeD.didherealizeNosoonerhisspeechthanlistenersputforwardquestions.A.hehasfinishedB.hashefinishedC.hehadfinishedD.hadhefinishedWhen,thebridgeconnectingtheislandtothecontinentwillbeopentotrafficnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompletedAllthefollowingsentencescontainellipsis（省略）EXCEPTA.Nicetoseeyouagain.B.Ihatehimasmuchasyou.C.Whatasunnyday!D.Yourmotherisathome,isn'tshe?forthefactthathisfatherwasinhospital,hemighthavegoneabroad.A.Hadn'titbeenB.HaditnotbeenC.WereitnotD.WasitnotNot