(完整版)深圳市中考英語閱讀理解專題講解

深圳市中考英語閱讀理解專題講解歷年閱讀理解體裁和內(nèi)容分析：近幾年的中考閱讀理解題材包括科普，社會，文化，政治，經(jīng)濟等；涵蓋了寓言故事、廣告、時政、娛樂、人物傳記等等。信息量大，趣味性強，又不乏教育意義。這些話題貼近日常生活和時代主題。主要以說明文、記敘文居多。如10年的上海世博會深圳展館介紹、11年的大運會熊貓的到來。這些都是社會關(guān)注的焦點，考生也是相當熟悉的。這對于以后的備考是一個很好的啟示。近幾年高考的閱讀理解題型還是著重考查四大題型：細節(jié)題、主旨大意題、推理判斷題和猜測詞義題。其中主要以細節(jié)題為主，占65%,其次是推理判斷題,主旨大意題09年考查1道，10年、11年分別2道，猜測詞義題這幾年每年考查1道。可見細節(jié)題和推理題依然是考生應(yīng)該把握的重點。 因此，英語閱讀理解各種題型的答題技巧應(yīng)該是考生學(xué)習和訓(xùn)練的重點。如果能在平常的練習中有意識的加強閱讀技巧(特別是細節(jié)查找和推理判斷技巧)的訓(xùn)練在考試中很多問題可以迎刃而解，而不只是盲目的為了做題而做題，效率低下。.考查把握文章的事實和細節(jié)的能力。事實細節(jié)題的共同特點：(1)凡屬針對特定細節(jié)的考題，其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對應(yīng)的文字部分作為驗證。這一部分可能是一個詞或短語，也能是一個句子或相關(guān)的若干句子，但句式、用詞和表達方式不同。(2)干擾項往往是主體思想與細節(jié)混雜，正確答案細節(jié)和非正確答案的細節(jié)混雜，甚至真假混雜。事實細節(jié)題主要提問方式是：Whichofthefollowingisright?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?Choosetherightorderofthispassage.Fromthispassageweknow .閱讀理解中的確定細節(jié)和事實的題目的技巧：（1）要在文章中找出相應(yīng)的信息點，（2）要排除干擾項?！?011年深圳中考】The26thWorldUniversidadwillbeginon .A.August12th B.August23rdC.September12th D.September23rd這一小題考查的就是文章的細節(jié)和事實。這一細節(jié)和事實的表述在文章中可以直接找到：The26thWorldUniversidadwillbeheldinthecityfromAugust12thto23rd.這一道題的最大干擾項是 B選項，因此，考生要審清楚題目要求的是大運會開始的時間而不是結(jié)束的時間。故正確答案為A。如何進行推斷？所謂推斷，就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部分，從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英語試題中的推斷題其類型主要有以下幾種：（1）事實推斷（2）指代推斷（3）邏輯推斷（4）對作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷（1）事實推斷這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細節(jié)，是比較簡單的推斷。進行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思?！?011年深圳中考】35.Thefourcitiesareall___accordingtothepassage.moderncitieswithashorthistoryinNewZealandnearlakes,riversorseaslargecities在閱讀材料中，有這樣這些文字：…Itwasbuiltonsmallislandsinsaltwaterlakesmorethan1,500yearsago.?Intheseasidecity,youcanenjoyanamazingviewfromthecity'stallesttower—theSkyTower.?Therearemanybeautifulbeachesnearthecity.???VisitorsliketotakeboatridesalongtheDanube(多瑙河).根據(jù)這段文字，我們可以推斷答案是C.(2)指代推斷確定指代詞的含義和指代對象是閱讀理解題常見的題目。要確定指代詞所指代的對象，關(guān)鍵在于對所在上下文的正確理解。 指代名詞的指代詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式英語被指代的詞一致，因此數(shù)的形式可作為識別指代對象第一個輔助標志。Theunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto.A.adaptations B.DarwinandWallaceC.animals D.Darwin'sideas文中有這么一段文字：…Darwindescribedhowsomeanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemsurvive.Theyarepassedonto,offspring(后代).Darwin'sideasaboutadaptationsarestillveryimportanttothestudyoflivingthings.3.考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是圍繞一個中心意思展開的。而這個中心意思往往由一個句子來概括。這個能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主題句。因此，理解一個段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要學(xué)會尋找主題句。 主題句一般具有三個特點：(1)表述的意思比較概括，相對其主句來看，這種概括性更為明顯。(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，多數(shù)都不采用長、難句的形式。(3)段落中其它的句子必定是用來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表述的主題思想。如何獲取段落的主旨和大意？在一篇短文或一個段落中，大部分主題句的情況有三種：(1)主題句在段首或篇首。主題句在段首或篇首的情況相當普遍。一般新聞報道、說明文，議論文大都采用先總述，后分述的敘事方法。(2)主題句在段末或篇末。用歸納法寫文章時，往往表述細節(jié)的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此結(jié)尾。這種位于段末或篇末的主題句往往是對前面細節(jié)的總結(jié)，歸納或結(jié)論。(3)無主題句有時，一篇文章里并沒有明顯的主題句。這時我們應(yīng)該怎樣來確定文章的主題或中心意思呢？其實這也不難我們可以首先找出每一段的中心意思， 各段的中心意思往往都是圍繞一個中心來展開的，或者說是來說明一個問題的。這個中心或這個問題就是這篇文章的主題或中心意思。Paragraph3tellsusthat.ourhandslooksimilarthemicrobeswillmakethekeyboarddirtyweshouldcompareourhandsoftenwehaveourownsetsofmicrobes“EveryonehashisownsetofmicrobesonthehandsT.hatistosa”y,ifyouandyourbestfriendwereabletoseeandcompareallthemicrobesonyourhands,yourhandsprobablywouldlookdifferent.Somemicrobesonlyshowuponyourhandswhileothersliveonlyonyourfriend’shands.文段3主要針對“Everyonehashisownsetomicrobesonthehands.展開闡述。文中首句直接點明主題。因此，答案為D?？疾楦鶕?jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。猜測詞義也是一種英語閱讀能力。任何一個實詞，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一個確定的詞義。所謂上下文（context）,正如英語辭典所解釋的，其作用就是幫助確定上下文中的詞、短語或句子的意義。據(jù)此，我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義，即從已知推求未知，也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測詞義的題目其主要提問方式是：Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans .Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“ ”means .如何根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義？我們可以從以下幾個方面來猜測詞義：1）根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義。2）根據(jù)上下文已知部分進行邏輯上的推理。3）運用語法知識進行語法分析。如構(gòu)詞法（前綴或后綴）、同義或反義關(guān)系猜測詞義4）依靠常識和經(jīng)驗做出判斷。5）根據(jù)背景和常識判斷?！?009年深圳】27．Theword“remote”inthefirstsentencemeans A.遙遠的B.繁華的C.附近的D.城市的“AprofessorfromNewYorkUniversityoncewenttoaremoteareatodosomescienceresearch.Oneday,heatesomethingwrongandbecamesick,butitwastoofartogobacktothecity.”文段第二句中出現(xiàn)了 “butitwasoofartogobacktothecity.”這一句話，而且后面教授是在當?shù)貙ふ裔t(yī)生。因此，這一道猜測詞義題可以根據(jù)上下文得出答案。Step4ReadingcomprehensionAMr.Kingworkedinafactory.Helikedplayingsoccerandspentmuchtimeonit,sohewassometimeslateforwork.HisbosswassoangrythathefiredMr.King.Mr.Kingcouldn’tfindanotherjob.Finallyhegotintotroubleandlivedadifficultlife.Oneofhisfriendsfeltsorryforhimandintroducedhimtoaheadmaster,whoseschoolwasjustinneedofswimmingcoaches.Mr.Kingbegantoteachtheschoolchildrentoswim.Hewasn’atgoodcoach.Twomonthslater,thechildrenlearnednothing.Fewofthemcouldswim.ItwasahotSaturday.Thechildrenwouldn’tstayintheclassroomandwantedtoswimintheriver.Mr.Kingfailedtostopthem.Beforetheystarted,hedrewaredlinebelowthekneeofeachchild.Hesaidtothem, “Comeoutoftheriveratonceifthewaterreachesthelnie.”WhydidthebossfireMr.King?A.BecauseMr.Kingdidn’tlikehisjob.B.BecauseMr.Kingwasill.C.BecauseMr.Kingtalkedtoomuch.D.BecauseMr.Kingwassometimeslateforwork.Mr.Kingcouldn’tfindanothenrdjohbisalifewas .A.happy B.hard C.relaxing D.freeWhohelpedMr.Kingfindajobinaschool?A.ThebossofthefactoryB.HisfriendC.TheschoolchildrenD.NobodyTwomonthslater,thechildrenlearnednothingbecause .A.Mr.Kingtaughtthemtoplaysoccer B.theydidn’tlikeswimming atallC.theywereafraidofwater D.Mr.KingwasapoorcoachMr.King ,sohedrewaredline belowthekneeofeachchild.A.didn’twantthechildrentoswim B.wantedtomakethechildren lookfunnyC.wantedtomakethechildrenhappyD.wantedtohelpthechildrenswimbetterB2011isspecialyearforallthepeopleinShenzhen.The26thWorldUniversidadwillbeheldinthecityfromAugust12thto23rd.Asweallknow, “StartHeresloganofthisgreatevent.Doesanyoneknowthatanewlifeoftwogiantpandaswillstarthereaswell?ShenzhenisexpectingthepairofpandasfortheSummerUniversidad.Thepandas,amaleandafemalefromWolongPandaResearchCenterinSichuanProvince,willbe“UniversidadPandas”j,ustlike“AsianGamesPandas”and“OlympicPandas”.ShenzhenSafariParkwillrebuilditspandahousetowelcomethepandas.Thepanda

househasbeenemptysinceanotherpanda,Yongba,25,wasreturnedtoSichuanin2009becauseitwastooold.HowoldaretheUniversiadePandas?Whataretheirnames?Whataretheylike?Whataretheirlivinghabits?WewillfindouttheanswersinJunewhentheyarrive.The26thWorldUniversidadwillbeginon.A.August12thB.August23rdC.September12thD.September23rdThepairofpandascomesfrom.A.ShenzhenB.SichuanC.GuangzhouD.Beijing33.Yongbaisa(n).A.Universidadpanda B.AsianGamesPandaC.Olympicpanda D.pandathatusedtoliveinShenzhenSafariParkFromthepassagewecanknowtheoftheUniversidadPandas.A.arrivaltimeB.agesC.namesD.livinghabits35.Thepassagetellsusthat.thesloganofthe26thWorldUniversidadis “JustDoIt”therewillbetwomalepandascomingtoShenzhenYongbaleftShenzhenin2009WolongPandaResearchCenterwillbuildapandahousefortheUniversiadePandasCFishandapplesoup?Yes,andyouwon'tbelievehowdeliciousitis.ThisfirstcameoutofarestaurantinSingapore,butitisnowverypopularasthesoupdujourinChineserestaurants.Ingredients(serves4):1wholefish2apples,quartered4-6gingerslices僂片)1bunchofspringonions,cutintopieces1redtomato,cutinto8piecesOil,saltandpepperMethods:RemovethebonesfromthefishPouroilintoapan.Frythegingerslicesandthespringonions.Addthefishbonesandfry.Addenoughwaterandboilitforabout15to20minutes.Addtheapples,thefishandthetomato.Whentheapplesgosoft,addsaltandpepper.Thispassageisprobably.A.apoemB.apieceofnewsC.astoryD.arecipeThenameofthesoupinChineserestaurantsis.A.dujoursoupB.tomatosoupC.onionsoupD.gingersoupTheunderlinedword"quartered"means.A榨汁B.切成四份C.洗凈D.剁碎Ifyouwanttocookthesoupfor8people,youwillneedredtomato(es).A.1B.2C.3D.4Inwhatordershouldyouaddtheingredientswhilecookingthesoup?A.apples,fishandtomatofgingerslicesandspringonionsfoilffishbonesB.oilffishbonesfgingerslicesandspringonionsfapples,fishandtomatoC.oilfgingerslicesandspringonionsffippleoneshandtomatoD.gingerslicesandspringonions ffishbonesfapples,fishandtomatofoilFridayJanuary28.2011China'sworldnumbersevenLiNabecamethefirstChinesetennisplayertoreachaGrandSlamfinalatthisyear'sAustralianOpen."Itwasthefirstmatcheasyortough?Nothingbetween."saidLi,whohasdefeatedZahlavpvaStrycovaonherwaytotheAustralianOpenfinal.

TuesdayMarch5\2011BesidesChina,morethan70countrieshaveofferedJapanhelpaftertheearthquake.TwoUSsearchandrescuteams,with144stuffand12dogs,havebegunwork;ThesouthernAfghancityofKandaharannounceditwoulddonate（捐贈）$50.000todie"brothersandsisters"ofJapanThursdayMay19,2011CanadapopstarJustin.BiebergotahugelydisappointinggreetingwhenhearrivedinHongKon8onWednesday.Justsevenfansshowedupatthecity'sairporttogreetBieber.Bieber'sconcert—oneofthelastshowsinhis"MyWorld"tour-isonFridayinHongKong,MondayMay30.2011Aseriousdroughtaloft]theYangRiverhasaffectedover34millionpeople,leavingfarmersandlivestocks（牲畜）withoutwater.Over4.23millionpeoplearehavingdifficultyfindingenoughdrinkingwater,|whilemorethan5millionneedhelptotightagainstthedrought.LiNa.isoneofthetoptabletennisplayersintheworldisthefirstplayertoreachaGrandSlamfinaldidn’tsayanythingabouetmthatchbeatZahlavayaStrycovaonherwaytotheAustralianOpenfinalTwosearchandrescueteamsfrom havebegunworkinJapan.A.AustraliaB.theUSC.theUKD.AfghanistanJustinBibbermightfeel whenhearrivedatHongKongairport.A.disappointedB.happyC.excitedD.boredWhenadroughthappens,peopleareshortof .A.moneyB.oilC.foodD.waterWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthenews?AnAfghancityofKandaharwilldonate$50,000toJapan.Morethan4.23millionpeoplefinditdifficulttogetenoughdrinkingwater.AlltheChinesewereproudofLiNaaftershewonthematch.TheconcertBibberwillhaveinHongKongisoneofhislastshowsinhis “MWorld”tour.ELookcloselyatyourhands.Aretheyclean?Itdoesnmatterhowm’antytimesyouwashyourhands,tinymicrobes（微生物）stillstayonthem.Butdon'tworry.Mostmicrobesdon’tharmyou.Nowscientistssaythemicrobesonourhandscouldbeusedinasurprisingway:fightingcrime.Accordingtoarecentstudy,microbesaswellasfingerprints（指紋）couldbeusedtoidentifythecriminal.Everyonehashisownsetofmicrobesonthehands.Thatistosay,ifyouandyourbestfriendwereabletoseeandcompareallthemicrobesonyourhands,yourhandsprobablywouldlookdifferent.Somemicrobesonlyshowuponyourhandswhileothersliveonlyonyourfriend ’shands.Whenyouworkonacomputer,youleavethemicrobesfromyourhandsonthekeyboard.Thescientistscaneasilyt