2023年全國職稱英語衛(wèi)生類(A級)考試真題

2023年全國職稱英語衛(wèi)生類〔A級〕考試真題及答案第1局部：詞匯選項〔第1-15題，每題1分，共15分〕下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線局部確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1.Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.A．privateB．specialC．generalD．good2.Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.A．a(chǎn)ttractB．encourageC．spendD．require3.Steepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople.A．evidenceB．caseC．dangerD．picture4.Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch.A．scientificB．basicC.socialD.hardworking5.Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear.A.breakB.closeC.sellDbine6.Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.A.disprovedB.acceptedC.disputedD.supported7.Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners.A．similarB．politeC．usualD．bad8.Regularvisitsfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone.A.moderateB.equalC.greatD.immediate9.Hewasrathervagueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool.A.unclearB.badC.brightD.general10.Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.A.criticalB.necessaryC.normalD.terrible11.Ican'tputupwithmyneighbor'snoiseanylonger,whichisdrivingmemad.A.generateB.measureC.tolerateD.reduce12.Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues.A.humorousB.boringC.longD.original13.Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday.A.freeB.regularC.physicalD.energetic14.Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.A.reliefB.doubtC.confusionD.failure15.Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.A.doubtB.angerC.loveD.surprise第2局部：閱讀判斷〔第16~22題，第題1分，共7分〕下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。RetirementBringsMostaBigHealthBoostTheself-reportedhealthofthenewlyretiredimprovessomuchthatmostfeeleightyearsyounger,anewEuropeanstudysuggests.Thishappynewswastrueofalmosteveryoneexceptasmallminority-only2percent-whohadexperienced"ideal"conditionsintheirworkinglife,anyway."Theresultsreallysaythreethings:thatworkputsanextraburdenonthehealthofolderworkers,thattheeffectsofthisextraburdenarelargelyrelievedbyretirementand,finally,thatboththeextraburdenandthereliefarelargerwhenworkingconditionsarepoor,"saidHugoWesterlund,leadauthorofastudypublishedonlineNov.9inTheLancet."Thisindicatesthatthereisaneedtoprovideopportunitiesforolderworkerstodecreasethedemandsintheirworkoutofconcernoftheirhealthandwell-being."Butofcourse,addedWesterlund,whoisheadofepidemiologyattheStressResearchInstituteatStockholmUniversityinSweden"notallolderworkerssufferfrompoorperceivedhealth.Manyareindeedremarkablyhealthyandfitforwork.Butsoonerorlater,everyonehastoslowdownbecauseofoldagecatchingup."Lastweek,thesamegroupofresearchersreportedthatworkerssleptbetterafterretirementthanbefore."Sleepimprovesatretirement,whichsuggeststhatsleepingcouldbeamediatorbetweenworkandperceptionofpoorhealth,"Westerlundsaid.Thisstudylookedatwhatthesame15,000Frenchworkers,mostofthemmen,hadtosayabouttheirownhealthuptosevenyearspre-retirementanduptosevenyearspost-retirement.Asparticipantsgotclosertoretirementage,theirperceptionoftheirownhealthdeclined,butwentupagainduringthefirstyearofretirement.Thosewhoreportedbeinginpoorerhealthdeclinedfrom19.2percentintheyearpriortoretirementto14.3percentbytheendofthefirstyearafterretiring.Accordingtotheresearchers,thatmeanspost-retirementlevelsofpoorhealthfelltolevelslastseeneightyearspreviously.Thechangeswereseeninbothmenandwomen,acrossdifferentoccupations,andlastedthroughthefirstsevenyearsofnotpunchingtheclock.Workerswhofeltworsebeforeretirementandhadlowerworkingconditionsreportedgreaterimprovementsassoonastheyretired,theteamfound.16.Mostofthenewlyretiredfeelyoungerandhealthierthanbefore.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Olderworkersaregenerallyasfitforworkasyoungerworkers.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Olderworkersusuallygetonverywellwithyoungerworkers.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Europeisagingfasterthanmostotherpartsoftheglobe.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Thestudyanalyzedtheparticipants'perceptionoftheirownhealthinacertainperiod.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.TheparticipantscamefromvariouscountriesinEurope.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Thefindingsofthestudyapplytoconditionsallovertheworld.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3局部：概括大意與完成句子〔第23~30題，每題1分，共8分〕下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1~4段每段選擇1個最正確標(biāo)題；(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最正確選項。Parkinson'sDiseaseIParkinson'sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normally,thesenervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine(多巴胺).Dopaminesendssignalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovements.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson's,thesenervecellsbreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamine,andyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.2Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecauses,includingagingandpoisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson'sdiseaseinsomepeople.Butsofar,thereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalwaysinherited.3Tremor(顫抖)maybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthedisease,althoughnoteveryonehasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.Intime,Parkinson'saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody,soitcanleadtoproblemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation(便秘).Inthelaterstagesofthedisease,apersonwithParkinson'smayhaveafixedorlankexpression,troublespeaking,andotherproblems.Somepeoplehaveadecreaseinmentalskills.4Atthistime,thereisnocureforParkinson'sdisease.Butthereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebestresults.23.Paragraph1__24.Paragraph2__25.Paragraph3__26.Paragraph4___A.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDiseaseB.TipsforPatientswiththeDiseaseC.CommonTreatmentfortheDiseaseD.DefinitionofParkinson'sDiseaseE.PossiblecausesoftheDiseaseF.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease27.You'llfindithardtomovethewayyouwantto__________.28.Alotofresearchisbeingdonetofindout__________.29.OneofthemostcommonsignsofParkinson'sistremor__________.30.ApersonwithParkinson'shastolearntolivewiththedisease__________.A.whataffectsmusclesallthroughyourbodyB.ifthereisn'tenoughdopamineinyourbodyC.whichcannotbecuredyetD.whichmaybethefirstsymptomyounoticeE.ifyouhaveafixedorblankexpressionF.whatcausesParkinson'sdisease第4局部:閱讀理解(第31~45題，每題3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最正確選項。第一篇DoPatientsTrustDoctorsTooMuchEarlierthisyear,theAmericanCollegeofSurgeons,thenationalscientificandeducationalorganizationofsurgeonsconductedanationwidesurveythatfoundthattheaveragepatientdevotesanhourorlesstoresearchinghisorhersurgeryorsurgeon.Whileprospectivepatientsworryaboutthecostsorcomplicationsofanoperation,theydon'tnecessarilylookforinformationthatwouldaddresstheirconcerns.Infact,morethanathirdofpatientswhohadanoperationinthelastfiveyearsneverreviewedthecredentialsofthesurgeonwhooperated.Patientsaremorelikelytospendtimeresearchingajobchange(onaverage,about10hours)oranewcar(8hours)thantheoperationtheyareabouttosubmittoorthesurgeonwhowields(支配)theknife.Andmanypatientsaresatisfiedwiththeanswerstheyreceivefromtheirsurgeonsorprimarycaredoctors,whoeverthoseindividualshappentobe.Ifeltcuriousaboutthesurvey,soIcalledDr.ThomasRussell,executivedirectoroftheAmericanCollegeofSurgeons."Thereisatendencyforpatientsnottogetparticularlyinvolvedandnottofeelcompelledtolookintotheirsurgeryorsurgeons."Hetoldme.Thereareconsequencestothatkindofblindtrust."Today,medicineandsurgeryarereallyteamsports."Dr.Russellcontinued,"andthepatient,astheultimatedecisionmaker,isthemostimportantmemberoftheteam.Mistakescanhappen,andpatientshavetobeeducatedandmustunderstandwhatisgoingon."Inotherwords,ahealthydoctor-patientrelationshipdoesnotsimplyentailgoodbedsidemannersandresponsibleofficemanagementonthepartofthedoctor.Italsorequiresthatpatientscometotherelationshipeducatedabouttheirdoctors,theirillnessesandtheirtreatment."IfwearetrulygoingtoreformthehealthcaresystemintheUS,"Dr.Russellsaid,"everybodyhastoparticipateactivelyandmusteducatethemselves.Thatmeansdoctors,nurses,otherhealthcareprofessionals,lawyerspharmaceutical(制藥的)companies,andinsurancecompanies.Butmostofall,itmeansthepatient."Trustisimportant.ButasSirFrancisBacon,whowasamongthefirsttounderstandtheimportanceofgatheringdatainscience,onceobserved,knowledgeispower.31.Accordingtotheauthor,patientsshouldspendmoretime_________.A.researchingtheAmericanCollegeofSurgeonsB.researchingtheirsurgeryorsurgeonsC.researchingnewcarsD.researchingjobchanges32.Nowadayspatientsseemtohave_________.A.toomuchtrustintheirdoctorsB.toomuchinformationabouttheirdoctorsC.toolittlefaithintheirdoctorsD.ahealthyrelationshipwiththeirdoctors33.Medicineandsurgeryarenowreallyteamsportsinwhich_________.A.patientsanddoctorsplayequallyimportantrolesB.thepatientdoesnothaveanactiveroletoplayC.doctorshavethefinalsayinalmosteverythingD.thepatienthasthemostimportantroletoplay34.Itiswrongtothinkthatahealthydoctor-patientrelationship_________.A.isdependentjustonthedoctorB.isagoalthatcanbeachievedC.entailsanyeffortonthepartofthepatientD.iswhatthepatienttrulydesires35.TheauthordoesNOTbelievein_________.A.lotsofscientificdataB.FrancisBaconC.blindtrustD.toomuchknowledge第二篇CTScansandLungCancerSmallorslow-growingnodules(小結(jié)節(jié))discoveredonalungscanareunlikelytodevelopintotumorsoverthenexttwoyears,researchersreportedonWednesday.ThefindingsreportedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,couldhelpdoctorsdecidewhentodomoreaggressivetestingforlungcancer.Theycouldalsohelppatientsavoidunnecessarilyaggressiveandpotentiallyharmfultestingwhenlesions(損傷)found.Lungcancer,thebiggestcancerkillerintheUnitedStatesandglobally,isoftennotdiagnoseduntilithasspread.Itkills159,000peopleayearintheUnitedStatesalone.Theworkispartofalargerefforttodevelopguidelinestohelpdoctorsdecidewhattodowhensuchgrowths,oftendiscoveredbyaccident,appearinascan.High-tech(高技術(shù)的)X-rayscalledCTscanscandetecttumors-buttheyseeallsortsofotherblobs(模糊的一團(tuán))thatarenottumors,andoftentheonlywaytotellthedifferenceistotakeabiopsy(活檢),adangerousprocedure.Atthemoment,routinelungcancerscreeningisconsideredimpracticalbecauseofitshighcostandbecausetoomanyhealthypeoplearecalledbackforfurthertesting.Goodguidelinecouldhelpmakelungcancerscreeningpractical,Dr.RobvanKiaverenoftheErasmusMedicalCenterinRotterdam,theNetherlands,wholedthenewstudy,saidinatelephoneinterview.Theteamlookedat7,557peopleathighriskforlungcancerbecausetheywerecurrentandformersmokers.Allreceivedmultidetector(多層螺旋)CTscansthatmeasuredthesizeofanysuspicious-lookingmodules.Volunteerswhohadnodulesover9.7mminwidth,orhadgrowthof4.6mmthatgrewfastenoughtomorethandoubleinvolumeevery400days,weresentforfurthertesting.Ofthe196peoplewhofellintothatcategory,70werefoundtohavelungcancer，10additionalcaseswerefoundyearslater.Butofthe7,361whotestednegativeduringscreeningonly20lungcancercaseslaterdeveloped.Inasecondroundofscreeningdoneoneyearafterthefirst,1.8percentweresenttothedoctorbecausetheyhadanodulethatwaslargeorfast-growing.Morethanhalfturnedouttohavelungcancer.Theresultmeansthatifthescreeningtestsaysyoudon'thavelungcancer,youprobablydon't,theresearchersaid."Thechancesoffindinglungcanceroneandtwoyearsafteranegativefirst-roundtestwerelinl,000and3inl,000respectively,"theyconcluded.36.Thenewstudyindicatesthatincaseofsmallorslow-growinglungnodules_________.A.youcannotbetoocarefulB.cancerisjustmatteroftimeC.abiopsyisunnecessaryD.moreaggressivetestingisamust37.WhichisprobablyNOTtrueoflungcancer?A.Smokersareusuallyconsideredtobeathighriskforit.B.Itistheleadingcauseofcancerdeathsaroundtheworld.C.159,000newcasesofitarediagnosedintheUSeachyear.D.Itoftengoesunnoticeduntilithasspread.38.Accordingtothepassage,goodguidelinesforlungcancerscreening________.A.arealittlebittoocostlyB.donotexistyetC.arebeingimplementedD.havebeendeveloped39.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT________.A.arelativelysmallnumberofthevolunteershadlargeorfast-growingnodulesB.almostallthosewithlargeorfast-growingnoduleswerefoundtohavelungcancerC.allthevolunteerswereathighriskforlungcancerD.mostofthevolunteerstestednegativeduringscreening40.Intheeyesoftheresearchersthepercentagesgiveninthelastparagraph__A.aresomewhatinaccurateB.areprettysmallC.areratherhighD.arequiteunbelievable第三篇TheIcemanOnaSeptemberdayin1991,twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly,highuponamountainpass,theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight(10,499feet,or3,200meters),theiceisusuallypermanent,but1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton(骨架)wasinperfectcondition,exceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark(樹皮)andaholderforarrows.Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury,perhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarI,sinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfather,whohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholder,maybeevenathousandyearsold.Withmoderndatingtechniques,thescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5,300yearsold.Borninabout3300BC,helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidence,however,tellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskin,butitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswound,andnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwar,orhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.Bystudyinghisclothesandtools,scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheicemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhedied,buthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.41.Thebodyoftheicemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause_________.A.themeltedicemadehimvisibleB.hewasjustonamountainpassC.twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsD.hewaslyingontheice42.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.TheIcemanwasstruckdeadfrombehind.B.TheIcemancouldhavediedfromthewoundinthehead.C.TheIcemanwaskillingwhileworking.D.TheIcemanlivedapoorlife.43.AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouttheIcemanEXCEPT__A.hewasaSwisswoman'slong-lostfatherB.hecamefromItalyC.hewasasoldierinWorldWarID.hewasbornaboutathousandyearsago44.ThescientistsmadethedeductionthattheIceman_________.A.hadgotawoundonthebackofhisheadB.hadatinyholeinhisskincausinghisdeathC.washitintheshoulderbyanarrowheadD.wasprobablyinsome'kindofabattle45.Theword"bandits"inparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby_________.A.soldiersB.huntersC.robbersD.shooters第5局部：補(bǔ)全短文〔第46~50題，每題2分，共10分〕下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。KnowJustHowYouFeelDoyoufeelSad?Happy?Angry?Youmaythinkthatthewayyoushowtheseemotionsisunique.Well,thinkagain.Eventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingscanbeclassified,accordingtoMindReading,aDVDdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeel:thefirstvisualdictionaryofthehumanheart.Attemptstoclassifyexpressionsbeganinthemid-1800s,whenDarwindividedtheemotionsintosixtypes-anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseandenjoyment.__(46)EveryotherfeelingwasthoughttoderivefromDarwin'ssmallgroup.Morecomplexexpressionofemotionwereprobablylearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture.Butnowitisbelievedthatmanymorefacialexpressionsaresharedworldwide.__(47)ThemindReadingDVDisasystematicvisualrecord'oftheseexpressions.TheprojectwasconductedbyaCambridgeprofessorasanaidforpeoplewithautism(孤獨癥),whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotions.Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses.Actorsandteachers,forexample,needtounderstandawiderangeofexpressions.Theprofessorandhisresearchteamfirsthadtodefinean"emotion".__(48)Usingthisdefinition,1,512emotiontermswereidentifiedanddiscussed.Thislistwaseventuallyreducedt0412,from"afraid"to"wanting".Oncetheseemotionsweredefinedandclassified,aDVDseemedtheclearestandmostefficientwaytodisplaythem.InMindReading,eachexpressionisactedoutbysixdifferentactorsinthreeseconds.__(49)Theexplanationforthisissimple:wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords,butweinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeitonsomeone'sface."Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright,"saysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD."Althoughtheyweregivensomedirection,"saysMsCollis,"theactorswerenottoldwhichfacialmusclestheyshouldmove.__(50)"Forexample,whensomeonefeelscontemptyoucan'tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown.SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmerican,ProfessorPaulEkman,whohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"actionunits".Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10,000visiblefacialshapes.Ekmanhaswrittenoutapattemoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion.A.Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesefeelingswasuniversalandrecognizablebyanyone,fromanyculture.B.Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotions,suchaswords,wouldhavebeenfarlesseffective.C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreademotionalexpressions.D.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby"Ifeel"or"helooks"or"shesounds".E.Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotion,butitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesforthis.F.Theseparticularmusclesaredifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit.第6局部：完形填空〔第51~65題，每題1分，共15分〕下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最正確選項。SkinCancerMelanoma(黑素瘤),thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin________(51)Britishwomen,thecountry'sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas_______(52)cervical(子宮頸的)cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20s,accordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom.Thetrendisparticularly_______(53)sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible(易患的)tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare_______(54)highestinpeopleoverage75.Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe