高考英語語法課件-動詞和動詞短語1

專題六動詞和動詞短語一、動詞分類一覽表分類功能及構(gòu)成例詞例句備注實義動詞及物動詞＋賓語give,tell,send,etc.Hegavemeapresent.實義動詞又可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞

不及物動詞后不加賓語work,swim,arrive,etc.Hearrivedlate.系動詞本身有詞義，不能單獨用作謂語，必須跟表語構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)

狀態(tài)類be,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,sit,lie,prove,turnout,workout,seem,appearHeisateacher.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.Theplanturnedoutasuccess.Heseems(tobe)verysad.Thesearchproveddifficult.感覺類feel,smell,sound,taste,lookThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.大部分的表示變化類的系動詞有進行時態(tài)，但所有的系動詞都沒有被動結(jié)構(gòu)變化類become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,makeThefishwentbad.Hebecameadoctortwoyearsago.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.助動詞本身沒有詞義，用以幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句、疑問句、倒裝句等結(jié)構(gòu)。不可單獨使用，須與動詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語be,have,do,shall和will的各種形式Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.Hedidknowthat.Ihaveboughtacar.Doyoulikecollegelife?NeverwillIcomeback情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化。表示說話人的情感、態(tài)度、語氣、命令、推測等。必須和動詞原形連用構(gòu)成謂語(ought除外)can(could),may(might),shall(should),will(would),must,need,dareWecan’tcarrytheheavybox.Hemaycometomorrow.Wemuststudyhard.詳見語法專題之情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣二、動詞短語動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動詞短語的測試點主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。動詞短語構(gòu)成一覽表：構(gòu)成例詞例句動詞+副詞turnup,turnoff,etc.Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.動詞＋介詞agreewith,etc.Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.動詞+副詞＋介詞lookforwardto,etc.Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.動詞+名詞＋介詞

makeuseof,etc.

Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.

動詞+名詞

takeplace,etc.

Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.

動詞和動詞短語是歷年高考單項填空考查的核心。設(shè)題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或動詞短語來考查考生在具體語境中對其的理解和實際運用能力。【考點一】考查助動詞的用法助動詞有be(am,is,are,was,were,been),have(has,had),do(does,did),will(would),shall(should)。它們本身沒有詞義，只和實義動詞的一定形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，用來表示時態(tài)和語態(tài)，構(gòu)成否定、疑問及加強語氣等。（1）助動詞be(am,is,are,were,been)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句be+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)Theyarehavingameeting.be+過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.betodosth.表示計劃、安排或命令HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.begoingtodosth.表示計劃或有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事Lookatthedarkclouds.It’sgoingtorain.（2）助動詞have(has,had)的用法

結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句have+過去分詞構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)HehasleftforLondon.Haveyouseenthefilm?HehadleftforLondonbeforeIcame.havebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成完成進行時態(tài)Whathaveyoubeendoingthesedays?（3）助動詞do(does,did)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句do+主語+動詞原形構(gòu)成一般疑問句DidyoustudyGerman?donot+動詞原形構(gòu)成實義動詞的否定形式Idonotwanttobecriticized.do+動詞原形用于祈使句或陳述句中加強語氣Hedidbuyanewcaryesterday.Dodosomework.代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞以避免重復(fù)Mymothertoldmetogotobedearly.SoIdid.【考點二】?？嫉淖兓愊祫釉~辨析

系動詞用法常用結(jié)構(gòu)例句go①由好到壞或由正常到不常的變化②“保持”gobad；goblind；gomad;gohungry(unreported,unnoticed)Thetirewentflat.He變成為（已知的狀態(tài)）；證實為cometrue;comerightThingswillcomerightintheend.Hisdreamwillcometruesoonerorlater.run“變成”runshort；

rundryThewellhasrundry.turn成為與以前完全不同的東西。多接表示顏色或天氣的形容詞或不帶冠詞的名詞。Thetreesturnredinautumn.Hehasturnedwriter.fall“進入（某種狀態(tài)）；成為”fallasleep；fallill；falllame；fallsilentTheoldmen,unabletoexpresshimself,fellsilent.get“變成，變得……起來”。較口語化。強調(diào)“逐漸”。后接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.

become“成為”，普通用語，多表示過去完成的事。become+a(n)+名詞Shehasbecomealawyer.Hebecameangrywithme.

grow“漸漸變得……起來；長得”，強調(diào)其變化過程。?？山颖硎咎鞖獾男稳菰~。It’sgrowingwarm.appear“顯得，好像”，常用于正式文體中。指給他人的表面印象，有時含有實質(zhì)上并非如此之意。appeartobe/adj./n./prep.appeartodo;Itappearsthat...;appearasif/thoughHeappearedtobetalkingtohimself.Itappearsthattheyareright.Theriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmog.seem“似乎，好像”。指說話人內(nèi)心的估計與判斷，有一定依據(jù)，接近于實際情況。seemtobe/adj./n./prep.seemtodo；Itseemsthat...;seemsasif/though

Theyoungmanseemedtohavechangedmuch.Itseemsthatsheishappy.Sheseemedasifshecouldn’tunderstandwhyLaurawasthere.look“好像，看起來”，一般用于非正式場合。側(cè)重由視覺得到的印象。look+adj./n./prep.looklike;lookasif/thoughShelookslikehermother.Itlooksasifwearegoingtohavesnow.【考點三】考查主動形式表被動意義的用法（1）need,want,require(要求，需要),deserve(應(yīng)得，值得),beworth(值得)，后面接doing主動形式表被動意義。Thebookisworthreading.Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).（2）不定式作定語，放在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動表被動含義。Ihavemuchworktodo.（與work有動賓關(guān)系，與I有主謂關(guān)系）比較：Ihavealettertobetyped.（3）不定式作表語和賓語補足語的形容詞時(主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定式)，如果形容詞是表示難易、利弊等含義時(difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive,etc.)，不定式用主動表被動。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theworkiseasytodo.(=It’seasytodothework.)（4）有些動詞(短語)只有主動形式，常視為主動表被動。①takeplace,happen,breakout等。Abigfirehappened/tookplace/brokeoutlastnight.②一些動詞,如:sell(銷售),wash(洗),clean(打掃),burn(燃燒),cook(煮),write(寫)等與副詞,如:well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等連用，描繪事物的特性，用主動表被動，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+動詞+副詞。Thebooksellswell.Theseclotheswasheasily.Thepenwriteswell.Nyloncleanseasily.【考點四】考查易混短語的用法動詞短語的測試點主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短語的辨析。1.AGREE短語sb.agreewithsb.某人同意某人的話/意見sth.agreewithsb.某物/某事適應(yīng)某人agreetotheplan/decision/arrangement同意計劃/決定/安排agreeonsth.就……達成共識agreetodosth.同意干某事2.BREAK短語breakaway(from)（與……）脫離；改掉（習(xí)慣）breakdown（身體）垮掉；（計劃、談判）失??；（汽車）拋錨；分解（強調(diào)化學(xué)變化）breakin/into闖入breakoff折斷；斷絕breakout（fire,disease,war,etc.）突發(fā)，爆發(fā)（火災(zāi)，疾病，戰(zhàn)爭等）breakup打碎；分裂；分解(強調(diào)化學(xué)變化)3.BRING短語bringabout引起，造成；實現(xiàn)bringback拿回；使回憶起來bringdown使倒下；降低bringin掙得；介紹引進bringon引起,導(dǎo)致bringout揭示，揭露bring...tolight揭露；使了解到bringup撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐4.CALL短語callat+sp.拜訪某地callon/upon+sb.訪問，拜訪某人callfor要求；需要callin召集；請來calloff取消callup打電話；令人想起5.CARRY短語carryon進行；進行下去carryout貫徹，執(zhí)行carrythrough順利完成，順利實現(xiàn)6.COME短語comeabout發(fā)生；造成comeacross偶遇comealong加油，快點；進展，進行comeintoeffect(force)生效comeintobeing形成；產(chǎn)生comeintopower開始執(zhí)政comeon快點comeout出來；出版；結(jié)果comearound/round恢復(fù)知覺；繞道而來cometooneself蘇醒過來comeup靠近；被提到；發(fā)生comeupwith提出（主意，計劃等）7.CUT短語cutdown砍倒；削減cutin（on）插嘴；插入cutoff切斷；斷絕cutthrough抄近路走過；刺穿cutup切碎8.GET短語getalong/on(with)融洽相處；進展getaway離開getdown擊落；記下getdownto開始認(rèn)真考慮getin到達；收獲getoff下車；脫下getout出去，離開；泄露getover克服getthrough接通電話；用完；做完；通過getup起床9.GIVE短語giveaway泄露；出賣givein讓步，投降；交上giveoff發(fā)出(蒸汽、液體、霧等)giveout分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；用盡，精疲力竭giveup放棄(念頭、希望等)10.GO短語goagainst反對；違反；不利于goby(從……旁)走過；順便走訪godown下降goinfor參加；愛好gooff離開；爆炸goover(對……進行)仔細檢查；潤色；復(fù)習(xí)gothrough仔細檢查；經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；被通過gowith伴隨；與……相配11.KEEP短語keepaneyeon注意；監(jiān)視keepawayfrom不讓接近keepback阻止；隱瞞keepdown鎮(zhèn)壓；保留keepinmind記住keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系keepon繼續(xù)keepto遵循；堅持keep...tooneself對……守口如瓶keepupwith跟上；不落后12.LOOK短語lookafter照顧，照看lookahead向前看；著眼未來lookback回頭看；回顧lookaround四處看lookdownupon看不起；輕視lookout小心；當(dāng)心lookon旁觀；觀望lookinto調(diào)查lookthrough瀏覽；翻閱；仔細查看lookup查尋；向上看13.PUT短語putaway放好；儲存putdown寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓putforward提出；推舉putoff推遲puton穿上putout撲滅putup舉起；投宿；張貼putupwith忍受；容忍14.SET短語setabout開始，著手（后接名詞、代詞和動名詞）setout出發(fā)；開始；陳列setto起勁地干起來；毅然開始做setaside留出；不顧；撤銷；駁回setoff(for)出發(fā),動身；使爆炸；引起；襯托setup設(shè)立；豎立,架起；立業(yè)15.TAKE短語takeafter（在外貌或行為方面）酷似takealong隨身帶著takeaway取走takeback收回takein吸收；理解；欺騙takeoff脫衣；起飛；廣泛使用，大受歡迎takeon呈現(xiàn)；開始雇傭；從事takeover接收，接管takeup占據(jù)；開始從事；繼續(xù)16.TURN短語turnaway把……打發(fā)走；不讓……進入turndown調(diào)低；拒絕turninto進入；(使)變成(主要指物質(zhì)形態(tài)、性質(zhì)等的轉(zhuǎn)變)turnoff關(guān)掉turnon開啟turnout關(guān)掉；證實；結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)turnover翻過來turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turnup調(diào)高；找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)1.Theworkers______theglassesandmarkedoneachbox“ThisSideUp”.(2010·全國Ⅰ)A.carriedB.deliveredC.pressedD.packed解析：選D?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意為：工人們把玻璃制品包裝好，并給每個箱子做上“此面向上”的標(biāo)記。carry搬運；deliver遞送；press按，壓；pack給……打包。2.Mymotheropenedthedrawerto______theknivesandspoons.(2010·全國Ⅱ)A.putawayB.putupC.putonD.puttogether解析：選A。考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：我媽媽打開抽屜把刀子和勺子放好。putaway把……放好，收拾起來；putup舉起;搭建;張貼;掛起；puton穿;戴上；puttogether把……放在一起。3.Nomatterhowlowyouconsideryourself,thereisalwayssomeone______youwishingtheywerethathigh.(2010·安徽)A.gettingridof B.gettingalongwithC.lookinguptoD.lookingdownupon解析：選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：不管你認(rèn)為自己多么不好，總會有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那樣。getridof擺脫；去除；getalongwith與……相處；lookupto尊敬；敬仰；lookdownupon看不起；輕視。4.—HowdidyoulikeNick’sperformancelastnight?—Tobehonest,hissingingdidn’t_______tomemuch.(2010·安徽)A.appealB.belongC.referD.occur解析：選A?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z的用法。答語句意為：說實話，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appealto吸引；belongto屬于；referto提到；涉及；occurto被想到。5.We’vejustmovedintoabiggerhouseandthere’salottodo.Let’s_______it.(2010·福建)A.keepupwithB.doawaywithC.getdowntoD.lookforwardto解析：選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：我們剛剛搬進一所大點的房子里，有許多事情要做，讓我們開始做吧。getdownto開始做，著手做。keepupwith趕上；doawaywith廢除;去掉；lookforwardto期盼。6.—Inthisdayandage,womencanhavechildrenandjobsaswell.—Ican’tagreemore.It’sgreattohavethetwo______.(2010·福建)A.linkedB.relatedC.connectedD.combined解析：選D。考查動詞詞義辨析。答語句意為：我非常贊同。讓這兩者結(jié)合真是太好了。havesth.done.使某事被做。link聯(lián)系，連接；relate使互相關(guān)聯(lián)；connect連接；combine結(jié)合，合并。

7.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010·福建)A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck解析：選B。考查非謂語動詞的用法。remain作系動詞意為“保持，繼續(xù)”，后面要接名詞、形容詞或分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)該選擇B項stuck。stuck表示“被卡住”，引申為“被滯留”。8.Dutyisanactoracourseofactionthatpeople_______youtotakebysocialcustoms,laworreligion.(2010·湖北)A.persuadeB.requestC.instructD.expect解析：選D?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意為：所謂職責(zé)，就是大家根據(jù)社會習(xí)俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你所采取的一種行動或行為方式。expect預(yù)料；期望；指望，符合句意。persuade說服，使某人相信；request禮貌地要求，請求；instruct命令；教授；指導(dǎo)。9.Justastheclothesapersonwears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime,hishouse_______hispersonality.(2010·湖北)A.resemblesB.strengthensC.reflectsD.shapes解析：選C?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意為：對于一個人來說，就像他的穿衣、吃飯以及與之度過時光的朋友一樣，他的房子代表了他的個性。reflect反射；顯示；反映，符合題意。resemble類似，像；strengthen加強；鞏固；shape塑造，使成形；形成；使符合。10.Hadshe______herpromise,shewouldhavemadeittoYaleUniversity.(2010·湖北)解析：選B?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：如果她遵守她的諾言，她就會成功進入耶魯大學(xué)。lookupto尊敬,仰望；liveupto遵守；不辜負；keepwithup趕上；comeupwith提出。11.Parents______muchimportancetoeducation.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.(2010·江西)A.attach B.payC.link D.apply解析：選A。考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：父母都十分重視教育。他們會竭盡所能給他們的孩子們那種極其珍貴的禮物。attachimportanceto認(rèn)為……有重要性；pay付錢；link...to...把……和……連接在一起；apply...to...把……應(yīng)用于……。12.Smelltheflowersbeforeyougotosleep,andyoumayjust_____sweetdreams.(2010·江西)A.keepupwith B.putupwithC.endupwith D.catchupwith解析：選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：睡覺之前聞聞這些花，你就會進入甜美的夢鄉(xiāng)。keepupwith跟上；putupwith忍受；endupwith以……為結(jié)束；catchupwith趕上。13.Thousandsofpeople______towatchyesterday’smatchagainstIreland.(2010·遼寧)A.turnedon B.turnedinC.turnedaround D.turnedout解析：選D?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：結(jié)果顯示有成千上萬的人觀看了昨天同愛爾蘭隊的比賽。turnout結(jié)果為；證明是；turnon打開；turnin上交,遞交；turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身。14.Thenewmovie_______tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.(2010·遼寧)A.promises B.agreesC.pretends D.declines解析：選A?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意為：這部新電影有望成為電影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。promise許諾，答應(yīng)；有……的希望；agree同意，贊同；pretend假裝；decline衰老，衰退。15.Sam_______someknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.(2010·山東)A.broughtup B.lookedupC.pickedup D.setup解析：選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：山姆只通過觀察別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識。pickup學(xué)會；撿起；順車接送，搭載