仁愛(ài)版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)U4T12知識(shí)點(diǎn)以及比較級(jí)1

仁愛(ài)版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)U4T12知識(shí)點(diǎn)以及比較級(jí)1U4T1&T2borrow和lend的區(qū)別borrowsthfromsb向某人借東西，借進(jìn)來(lái)lendsthtosb借東西給某人，借出去我向Jack借了一本書(shū)。IborrowedabookfromJack.Jack借了一本書(shū)給我。Jacklentabooktome.Whatareyouthinkingabout?I’mthinkingaboutthelifeinthecountryside.thinkabout意思是“思考，考慮”，與“thinkof”意思相近。thinkof有“想起，想到，認(rèn)為”的意思。Peoplewithoutajobtrynottothinkof/thinkaboutthefuture.SheoftenthinksofherfriendZhaoKe.Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?=Howdoyoulikethefilm?thinkover意思是“仔細(xì)考慮”。Pleasethinkitover,thenanswerme.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮一下，然后回答我。sth./sb.beimportanttosb.---某人或事對(duì)某人很重要如：Environmentisveryimportanttohumans.環(huán)境對(duì)人類(lèi)非常重要。Itisveryimportantforhumanstoimprovetheenvironment.改善環(huán)境對(duì)人們來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。Insectsfeedonplants.點(diǎn)撥:feedon---以…為食

feed---_fed--fed__(過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞)鞏固：Peopleinthesouthfeedonrice,whilethenorthpeoplefeedonnoodles.南方人以米飯為主食，而北方人是以面條為主食。Thousandsandthousandsofanimalsliveintherainforests.點(diǎn)撥：ten,hundred,thousand等數(shù)詞表示確定的數(shù)目時(shí)不用復(fù)數(shù)形式；表示不確定的數(shù)目時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，后跟of..鞏固：a.天上有成千上萬(wàn)顆星星。Therearethousandsofstarsinthesky.b.去年我們學(xué)校有六千人。Therearesixthousandstudentsinourschool.But,now,rainforestsarebecomingsmallerandsmaller,soweshouldprotectthem.點(diǎn)撥一：比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)=越來(lái)越…鞏固：a.這些年英語(yǔ)正逐漸變得越來(lái)越重要了。Englishisbecomingmore

andmore

importanttheseyears.b.康康的英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越差了。Kangkang’sEnglishisworseandworse.c.雨越來(lái)越大。Therainisbecomingheavierandheavier.I’mquitesurethatthereareUFOs.besure+that引導(dǎo)從句，其中that可以省掉。譯為“確信……”I’msure（that）hewillcome.Wearesure（that）wewillwinthefootballmatch.benotsure+whether/if引導(dǎo)從句，意思是“不確信是否……,不敢肯定……”I’mnotsurewhether/ifhewillcome.我不確定他是否會(huì)來(lái)。Wearenotsurewhether/ifwewillwinthefootballmatch.我們不敢肯定可以贏得足球比賽。besure后面可以跟不定式，譯為“一定……”，如：WearesuretorepairtheTVwell.我們一定會(huì)修好這臺(tái)電視機(jī)。You'resuretowinthebasketballmatch.你一定會(huì)贏得籃球比賽的。1.RobotcantaketheplaceofhumanstodohardworkorboringworkinsomesituationsRobotscandolotsofdangersworkinsteadofhumansinsteadof代替，放在句中。taketheplaceof代替，放在句中instead代替，放在句末。Robotscanalsodolotsofdangerousworkinstead(ofhumans).Ifyoucan’tgothere,hewillgoinstead(ofyou).TVsetscannevertaketheplaceofcinemas.Nowgastakestheplaceofcoalincooking.請(qǐng)你選擇：taketheplaceof和insteadof完成下面兩個(gè)句子WangLinwillrepairthemachine____________LiPing.王林將代替李平修理機(jī)器。WangLinwill

LiPingtorepairthemachine.王林將代替李平修理機(jī)器。insteadoftaketheplaceofDoyouthinkyouwillhavearobotin20years?in+一段時(shí)間，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)。After+一段時(shí)間，常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)。選擇填空：in，afterHewillcomeback____________aweek.一周以后他將會(huì)回來(lái)。MyuncleleftBeijing_________threemonths三個(gè)月后，我叔叔離開(kāi)了北京。in

after

mistake…for…把……誤認(rèn)為……我有時(shí)候會(huì)把Lucy誤認(rèn)為是她妹妹。ImistakeLucyforhersistersometimes.Don’tmistakemypolitenessforfriendless.別把我的禮貌誤認(rèn)為是友好。Don’tmistakethereadingroomfortheclassroom.別把閱覽室誤認(rèn)為是課室。短語(yǔ)辨析forexample例如；后面跟一個(gè)句子

suchas例如；后面跟名詞或短語(yǔ)等。

Tomcanspeaksomeforeignlanguages,___________,English,Japanese,Russian.

Computerisveryuseful,____________,wecanenjoythemovie;wecanlistentothemusic;wecanalsolookforusefulinformation.suchasforexample辨析spend，take，pay和cost花費(fèi)……spend主語(yǔ)是人sb.spend+時(shí)間/錢(qián)+on

sth/indoingsth某人在.(某事、某東西上).花費(fèi).（多少時(shí)間/錢(qián)）.

Mybrother_______twohours_______playingbasketballeveryday.

Theboy________onehundredyuan_______thatpairofshoes.spends

inspent

oncost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)，還可以表示“值”，常見(jiàn)用法如下：(1)sth.costs(sb.)＋金錢(qián),某物花了（某人）多少錢(qián)。例：Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢(qián)。(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)＋時(shí)間,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時(shí)間。例：Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。take后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)，it做形式主語(yǔ)，用法：Ittakes/took/willtakesb.＋時(shí)間＋todosth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。例：他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。

Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.pay的基本用法是：(人做主語(yǔ))(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付錢(qián)（給某人）買(mǎi)……。例：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.

我每個(gè)月要付20英磅的房租。(2)payforsth.付……的錢(qián)。例：Ihavetopayforthebooklost.

我不得不賠丟失的書(shū)款。(3)payforsb.替某人付錢(qián)。例：Don’tworry!I'llpayforyou.

別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)給你付錢(qián)的。小歸納人+spend+錢(qián)/時(shí)間+(in)doingsth人+spend+錢(qián)/時(shí)間+onsth物+cost+人+錢(qián)活動(dòng)doingsth+cost+人+時(shí)間Ittakes/took/willtake+sb+時(shí)間+todosth人+pay+錢(qián)+for+物用spend、cost、take和pay翻譯句子我花了三十塊買(mǎi)了這本書(shū)。Ispent30yuanonthisbook.thisbookcostme30yuan.Ipaid30yuanforthisbook.我每天都用兩個(gè)小時(shí)寫(xiě)作業(yè)。Ispend2hoursindoingmyhomeworkeveryday.Ittakesme2hourstodomyhomeworkeveryday.Doingmyhomeworkcostme2hourseveryday.什么叫形容詞?用以修飾名詞，表示事物的特征的詞。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分．形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞、全句或名詞詞組及句子的詞。e.g.very,early,out,soon,quickly,etc.什么叫副詞?形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：當(dāng)兩種物體之間相互比較時(shí)，我們要用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)；Iamtallerthanyou.當(dāng)相互比較的物體是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上時(shí)，我們就要用形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)。Iamthetallestintheclass.tallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞可加-er或-est規(guī)則變化

副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成和形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成基本相同.e.g.

形容記的最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞the,副詞的最高級(jí)前可用可不用定冠詞the.AttentionsMountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowlybetterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不規(guī)則變化巧記：特殊形式比較級(jí)共有三對(duì)二合一壞病兩多并兩好little意思不是小一分為二有兩個(gè)一是老來(lái)二是遠(yuǎn)形容詞原級(jí)的常用句型Tomisas

tallasMike.

as+形容詞原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.

Tomisthreetimesas

oldasMike.

否定notas+形容詞原形+as“和…不一樣”或notso+形容詞原形+as

“不及／不如…TomisnotastallasMike.TomisnotsotallasMike.

Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.

so+形容詞原級(jí)+that叢句

such+名詞＋that叢句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroomby

thedoor.…too+原級(jí)+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.

形容詞原級(jí)+enoughtodosth.

比較級(jí)+than…形容詞比較級(jí)的常用句型Thisbridgeisalittlelongerthanthatone.

這條橋比那條長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)兒。Ourschoolismuchlargerthantheirs.

我們的學(xué)校比他們的大多了。much+比較級(jí)---…得多alittle+比較級(jí)---…一點(diǎn)兒翻譯a.我的書(shū)包比你的重得多。Myschoolbag______________than_________.b.他的書(shū)包比我的輕一點(diǎn)兒。Hisschoolbag_______________than_____.ismuchheavieryoursisalittlelightermine表示兩者之間的選擇，可使用“Whichis+比較級(jí)，…or…?”

表示不及另一方時(shí)，使用“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than…”Whichislonger,thisoneorthat?Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.

“The+比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)…”“…比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)…”Thesmallerthehouseis,thelessitwillcostustheheat.

Inspring,thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.

…oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形容詞最高級(jí)的常用句型…最高級(jí)+of(in)…Thisis/wasthe最高級(jí)+名詞+that定語(yǔ)從句LuXunisoneof

thegreatestwriterslastcentury.

ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.

Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.

1.Thebreadis____thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious2.LinTaojumped____inthelongjumpintheschoolsport

meetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar3.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed______A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiestCCPracticeA4.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven____inAugustA.hotterhottestB.hothotC.hotterhotD.hothotter5.HainanisaverylargeIsland.Itisthe

second______islandinchina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlargest6.Anelephantis____thanatiger.A.heavyB.veryheavyC.theheaviestD.heavierDCD7.Ahorseis______thanadog.A.muchheavy